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that the Senior Sophisters shall not be obliged to attend any of the exercises after the last day of June. "That the Senior Sophisters shall attend the Tutor A on Mondays, B on Tuesdays, C on Wednesdays, D on Thursdays.

"That the Junior Sophisters shall attend B on Mondays, Con Tuesdays, D on Wednesdays, A on Thursdays.

"That the Sophomores shall attend C on Mondays, D on Tuesdays, A on Wednesdays, B on Thursdays. "That the Freshmen shall attend D on Mondays, A on Tuesdays, B on Wednesdays, Con Thursdays.

"That on Friday and Saturday mornings each class shall be instructed by a distinct Tutor in Elocution, Composition in English, Rhetoric, and other parts of the Belles Lettres.

"That the Divinity Professor shall instruct all the scholars in Divinity.

"That to prevent the great inconveniences attending some of the scholars going home at one time, and some at another, in the Spring and Fall, to procure clothing, &c., as they heretofore have been permitted to do, it is proposed, that there shall be a short vacation in the Spring and Fall, and that in term-Time no scholar shall go out of Cambridge, unless upon some very special occasion; and that liberty be granted therefor at a meeting of the President, Professors, and Tutors, by the major part of them. By these regulations the scholars will not be absent from College more in the course of the year, than they are according to the present practice, and yet they will be at less expense for diet.

"That public gifts shall be prohibited, and in lieu thereof, each scholar shall pay one shilling and nine

pence lawful money quarterly, in addition to the tuition-money; and the Tutors shall be paid annually out of the College Treasury a guinea for each scholar that takes his first degree, to be divided equally amongst the four."

"Voted, that this report, so far as it recommends a division of the services of the Tutors according to the sciences and branches of literature be approved; and that the Corporation be desired to make a law to carry it into execution in such a manner as shall correspond with the services of the Professors."

"Voted, that the last article of the report, relative to the public gifts to the Tutors, be approved; and that it be recommended to the Corporation to prepare a law agreeable to it."

At a meeting of the Overseers, January 16th, 1767, "a plan for the alteration of the services of the Tutors, recommended to the Corporation by this Board, having been passed upon and prepared by them, was now presented, with this vote of the Corporation, viz: 'At a meeting of the President and Fellows, December 16th, 1766, voted, that the plan for the advancement of learning be entered upon immediately after the winter vacation.' Read and consented to."

It was voted by the Corporation, on the 20th of April following, "That each class be instructed four days successively in every week in the same branch of learning by the Tutor to whose department it belongs, viz: on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday; and shall attend the several Tutors in rotation; whereby each Tutor shall have the same class every fourth week.

"That the classes shall attend their respective Tutors on Friday and Saturday morning as has been usual.

"That if any scholar shall have occasion to go out of town on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday, he shall apply for leave to that Tutor whom he is to attend on said days; if on Friday and Saturday, to the Tutor whom he is to attend the next week."

A more important alteration in the arrangements of the College could not be easily imagined. Upon the old plan no considerable advancement of learning could ever have taken place. Scanty as the above list of text-books now appears, it was yet more than one man, unless far above the ordinary standard, could teach, in a thorough and suitable manner, especially while he had other important duties to perform as a member of the government. But, in consequence of the distribution of services now introduced, though each instructor gave as much of his time to all the classes, as he had before devoted to his own particular class, his attention being now mostly confined to one branch of learning, he would acquire so intimate an acquaintance with it, and such a facility in teaching it, that he would not only discharge his functions much more ably and usefully, but might very conveniently increase the number of text-books in his department, whenever it was desired, and at the same time find more leisure to attend to the general concerns of the College. While, therefore, the old sytem was calculated to keep education fixed and stationary; the new one admitted of an expansion in the circle of academical exercises, which was suited to the progress of learning and refinement, and to the growing wants of society.

There is another consideration, connected with this subject, which merits, perhaps, some attention. With all the care that could have been taken in the appoint

ment of Tutors, a difference must always have existed among them, as to their talents and qualifications; and occasionally some individual would possess a marked superiority over his Colleagues, unless we are to suppose the absurdity of his being excluded for being too great a scholar; so that when each class was confined to a particular Tutor, the different classes must have enjoyed different advantages, with respect to the instruction they severally received. On the new plan, such inequality was removed, as each class was in turn instructed by each Tutor.

All these measures, adopted with a view to the advancement of learning, solid or ornamental, were incidentally productive of other beneficial effects. By supplying the students with additional occupation and excitement, and thus diminishing their leisure and inclination for irregular indulgences, they tended to improve the condition of the College, with respect to morality, order, and even religion. Sufficient room, however, was left for the employment of direct means in these respects; and in this as great a degree of vigilance, energy, and strictness was exerted, as is perhaps consistent with the allowance of that freedom, which is necessary for the developement of the various faculties and properties of the mind. We have already seen, that the officers themselves were not spared, when they became offenders; and the examples which were made in the early part of this presidency, painful as they were, must have had a salutary effect.

32

CHAPTER XXV.

AT the time the College was making the acquisitions before mentioned, for the advancement of education, it experienced a severe deprivation, by the death of the learned and excellent Professor of Divinity. The circumstances of Mr. Wigglesworth's appointment and inauguration have been already related; as have also some other facts respecting him, particularly the distinguished part he bore in the controversy with Mr Whitefield; but of an officer so eminent and valuable something further will be expected.

Professor Wigglesworth's father was the Rev. Michael Wigglesworth, of Malden, who was graduated at this College in 1651; and, from the rank of his family, stands at the head of his class in the Catalogue. He is said to have been a Fellow of the Corporation. His name is at least found among the names of the fifteen Fellows mentioned in the temporary act of 1697.1 He died at Malden, June 10th, 1705, at the age of seventy-four years.2

At the Commencement following, which was then on the fourth of July, young Holyoke, who was afterwards President, pronounced the Bachelor's oration, and made respectful mention of this deceased minister,

1 Hutchinson's Hist. Mass. I. p. 173.

2 Sewall's MS. Diary.

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