The State produces a considerable amount of copper. The output in 1910 was 64,494,640 pounds, as compared with 53,849,281 pounds in 1909. The increase was entirely from the Ely district in White Pine county. In this district is produced practically all the copper mined in the State. The output of copper in the State in 1911 showed a slight increase over the production of 1910. The main production as in the previous years was in the Ely district by the Nevada Consolidated Copper Company. The smelting plant of this company was remodeled for the use of oil as fuel instead of coal. MANUFACTURES. Statistics relating to the manufactures of the State were included in the Thirteenth Census, taken in 1910. These figures cover the calendar year 1909. The results will be found summarized in the table below. As will be seen from this table, the State has a small number of manufacturing establishments and they are not of great individual importance. The largest number of men in any one industry are employed in the car shops of railroad companies. These number 818. Second in point of numbers were the lumber and timber products, and third, printing and publishing. Of the total number of persons engaged in the manufacturing industries, 8.8 per cent. were proprietors and officials, 6 per cent. clerks, and 85.2 per cent. wage earners. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT and was On Aside from the meeting of the State legislature there was little of political importance in the State during the year. The most important measures passed at the session are noted in the paragraph Legislation, below. On January 24 the legislature reëlected George S. Nixon to the United States Senate. The election of Senator Nixon is unusual, in that he is a Republican, while the legislature which elected him Democratic on joint ballot. Senator Nixon received a majority of the popular vote for the nomination in November, 1910, in spite of the fact that the legislature elected at that time was Democratic. In accordance with the registered will of the people he was chosen senator. March 14 the Senate adopted a measure submitting to the people the question of woman suffrage LEGISLATION. The important measures passed at the legislative session of 1911 included the following: Provision was made for a new policy in the penal system of the State, including the employment of convict labor on the public roads and highways. A State bureau of industry, agriculture. irrigation was created. The duty of this commission is to study the industrial problems of the State, to conduct experiments in reclamation, to supervise the operations of the State statute supplementing the federal Carey act, to advertise the State in all proper ways, and generally to promote industry, agriculture, and irrigation. An act was also passed supplementing the federal Carey act. This is designed to stimulate the reclamation of public lands in the State. The powers and duties of the State mine inspector were enlarged. Compulsory school education 53.0 between the ages of 8 and 16 years was provided for. A comprehensive measure was enacted regulating banks, banking, and other mat26.9 ters relating thereto. It is made unlawful to persuade workingmen to come into the State or to change from one place to another in the State through false representations concerning $2,892,000 239.1 the kind or character of the work to be done or 819,000 188.2 the compensation to be paid, or sanitary or 126,000 200.0 other conditions of their employment, or as to 693.000 186.0 the existence or non-existence of strikes or other 1,628,000 413.9 185,000 92.4 labor troubles. The power of the State Rail3,096,000 283.9 road Commission was enlarged, making that commission ex officio a public service commission for the regulation and control of certain public utilities. The existing primary law of the State was elaborately amended. A workingmen's compensation law was enacted, and a juvenile court was created. The following table gives a summary of the results of the census for the calendar years 1909 and 1904, with per cent. of increase 1904-9: Number of establish Number or amount In- 1904 crease 115 ments 177 2,650 108 160 Wage earners (av 2,257 802 erage number) Primary horsepower.. Capital Expenses 378.000 2,834 141.5 181.4 174.0 2,632,000 321.0 1,468,000 139.8 EDUCATION. In 1910 there were in the State 12,319 children of school age. Of these 6375 were boys and 6060 girls. Special attention was given during the year to securing teachers who were better qualified. More than $250.000 was expended in 1909-10 for new school buildings in Reno, Elko, Ely, and other towns of the State. There has been noted an increased attendance in high schools. Over 800 pupils are doing high school work in the State, as compared with 600 in 1908. FINANCE. The total receipts for the fiscal year 1911 amounted to $994,882, and the disbursements to $1,128,347. On January 1, 1911, there was a balance on hand of $655,531, and on December 31, 1911, a balance of $522,065. CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS. The charitable and correctional institutions of the State included the Orphans' Home, the State Prison, and the Hospital for Mental Diseases. STATE OFFICERS: Governor, T. L. Oddie; Lieutenant-Governor, G. C. Ross; Secretary of State, George Brodigan; Treasurer, William McMillan; Comptroller, Jacob Eggers; Superintendent of Public Instruction, J. E. Bray; Attorney-General, C. H. Baker-all Democrats, except Oddie, Eggers, and McMillan, Republi cans. JUDICIARY. Supreme Court: Chief Justice: James G. Sweeney, Dem.; Justices, George F. Talbot, Dem.; Frank Norcross, Rep.; Clerk, Joe Josephs, Dem. STATE LEGISLATURE, 1911: Senate, Democrats, 13; Republicans, 7: House, Democrats, 24; Republicans, 25; joint ballot, Democrats, 37; Republicans, 32; majority, Senate. Democrats, 6: House, Republicans, 1; joint ballot, Democrats, 5. The representatives in Congress will be found in the article UNITED STATES, Congress. NEVIUS, HENRY M. An American lawyer and soldier. He was born in Monmouth, N. J., in 1841 and received an academic and high school education in Freehold, N. J., and Grand Rapids, Mich. He served throughout the Civil War as private, second and first-lieutenant. While serving in the last named rank he lost an arm in front of Washington. He was honorably discharged in 1865. He engaged in the insurance business and held several government appoint. ments. He was admitted to the bar in 1873 and practiced at Freehold and Red Bank, N. J. He served from 1888 to 1890 in the New Jersey Senate. In the last year he was president. He was appointed judge of the Circuit Court of Hudson county in 1896, serving until 1903. During 1904-8 he was prosecuting attorney of Monmouth county. He was elected commanderin-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1908. NEWFOUNDLAND are the ISLE OF PINES (area, 58 sq. miles, pop. about 600); the WALLIS ARCHIPELAGO (40 sq. miles; about 4500 inhabintants); the LOYALTY ISLANDS (800 sq. miles); the HUON ISLANDS, almost barren; FUTUNA and ALOFI (about 1500 inhabitants). NEWCOMB, HORATIO VICTOR. An American capitalist and railway official, died November 2, 1911. He was born in Louisville, Ky., in 1844. While still a young man he engaged in the coffee business in that city with his uncle. Following this he went to England, where he finished his education. When he was about thirty years of age he succeeded his father as president of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. He showed his ability in railroad administration by organizing a belt line system connecting the terminals of thirteen railroads. In 1881 he became president of the Louisville & Nashville road and removed to New York. He at once took a leading place in official circles in that city. Among his enterprises was the organization of the United States National Bank. Of this bank he was president for fourteen months, when he was obliged to resign on account NEW BRUNSWICK. A maritime province of ill health. He developed mental trouble and of the Dominion of Canada. Area, 27,985 sq. was confined in a sanitarium until 1895, when miles. Population (final returns, census of he was released as cured. Four years later he 1911, 351,889). Capital, Fredericton (pop- was again taken to the sanitarium, from which ulation, 1911 preliminary, 7208). The execu- he was released as a result of legal measures tive authority rests in a lieutenant-gover- in 1901. nor (in 1911, Lemuel John Tweedie, appointed March 2, 1907) appointed by the governorgeneral of Canada and acting through an executive council (responsible ministry) and a unicameral legislative assembly of 44 members elected for four years. Premier in 1911, J. K. Flemming. NEWARK, N. J. See BUILDING. Early in the spring the discovery of natural gas and oil was reported near the town of Moncton. The supplies of natural gas were said to be very abundant and of exceptionally high grade. The oil was tested by experts who declared it to be equal to the best lubricating oil. Arrangements were made for piping the gas to Moncton, an important railway centre. NEW ELEMENTS. See CHEMISTRY. NEWFOUNDLAND. An island lying off the northeast coast of North America; the oldest British colony. Capital, St. John's. The island has an area of 42,734 sq. miles, and a population (end of 1909) of 234,588. The part of Labrador dependent on Newfoundland covers 120,000 sq. miles and has 4026 inhabitants. St. John's had (1901) 31,501 inhabitants; Harbour Grace, 5184. Birth rate (1909) 30.01, death rate 15.43 per thousand. Immigrants (1909), 793; emigrants, 5457. Between forty and fortyfive thousand children attend the schools. various Fishing and agriculture are the important industries. Total value of fisheries products (1910), $9,578,984. Unexploited mineral deposits of great wealth exist. The pulp and paper mills at Great Falls are among the most extensive and best equipped in the world. Trade and finance statistics are given below for three years: Revenue NEW CALEDONIA. A Melanesian island, constituting with its dependencies a French colony. Area, 7650 sq. miles. Population (1906), 55,886 (penal population, 7034); 1911 census, 50,680. Capital, Nouméa, with (1901) 6968 inhabitants. There are primary schools and a college at Nouméa. The state domain, the penal settlement, and the native reserve make up the settled area; more than half the country is wild and uncultivable. Coffee, corn, Imports tobacco, sugar, grapes, manioc, and pineapples Exports are raised, besides wheat, rubber, and cotton on a small scale. Value of mineral output (1909), 3,623,254 francs. The mines produced nickel ore (79,995 metric tons), cobalt ore (748), chrome ore (32,136), copper ore (8), and iron ore (10). Imports (1909), 9,418,645 francs; exports, 7,714.958. Vessels entered (1909), 102, of 155.944 tons; cleared, 99, of 144,200. A railway of 90 miles (Nouméa to Bourail) is under construction; 10 miles are completed. Tele. graphs. 580 miles; telephone, 115; post offices, Revenue and expenditure balanced (1909) at 3.588.000 francs; debt, January 1, 1910, 10,361. French expenditure (budget of 1911), 3,220,472 franes (1,533,700 for the penal settlement). Governor (1911), J. Richard. 40. Administratively dependent on New Caledonia Flour, textiles, provisions, coal, kerosene and other oils, machinery, molasses, hardware, Codfish. $6,544,604; copleather, and animals. per ore, iron pyrites, etc., $1,363,576: cod, whale, and seal oils, $1,299,047; sealskins, $460,222; tinned lobsters, $337,835. Great Britain furnished imports and received exports valued at $2,940,401 and $1,824,235 respectively. Public debt, June 30, 1910, $22,943,197. Governor (1911), Sir Ralph Champneys Williams. Premier, Sir Edward Morris. Difficulty arose in the beginning of 1911 over the demand of the Americans to purchase herring cargoes at Placentia Bay. The attitude of the government was said to be adverse to any gaged in the manufactures of the State was concessions to the Americans unless they were 84,191, of whom 58,925 were male and 25,267 ready to make reciprocal concessions. The were female. The largest number of persons execution of the fisheries treaty of 1908 were employed in the manufacture of cotton was brought to a standstill by the ac- goods. The great majority of the wage earners tion of the United States Senate. The treaty employed in the manufacturing industries of provided for the drafting of regulations con- the State worked from 54 to 60 hours per week, cerning fishing rights in the internal waterways or from nine to ten hours a day. Only. 7 per by a committee. The committee drew up the cent. of the total worked less than nine hours regulations, but they were so changed by the a day. In 1909 1122 industries were owned United States Senate that Canada would not by individuals, 396 by firms, and 424 by corporaccept them, and in September declared that ations. These included only the most imporshe would withdraw altogether from the treaty. tant of the industries. The following table NEW GUINEA. An island (the largest) gives the summary of the results of the census of the East Indies, divided into British, Dutch, for the calendar years 1904 and 1909, with per and German dependencies. See DUTCH EAST cent. of increase. INDIES; GERMAN NEW GUINEA; PAPUA. The NEW HAMPSHIRE. POPULATION. Thirteenth Census showed a population in the State in 1910 of 430,572, compared with 411,588 in 1900, an increase of 4.6 per cent. in the decade. manufactures The principal cities, with their popula tion in 1910 and 1900 are as follows (the figures in parentheses are for 1900): Manchester, 70,063 (56,987); Nashua, 26,005 (23,898); Concord, 21,497 (19,362); Berlin, 11,780 (8886); Portsmouth, 11,269 (10,637). Census in the Number of estab- Primary horsepower 112,888,000 32.2 30,665,000 31.7 4,191,000 2,972,000 41.0 36,200,000 27,693,000 30.7 98,157,000 73,216,000 34.1 9,007,000 18.4 123,611,000 33.1 293,991 .$139,990,000 149,215,000 40,391,000 Value of products.. 164,581,000 MANUFACTURES. The Thirteenth included statistics of manufactures State. These are for the calendar year 1909. The chief results are given in the table below. The greater number of the manufacturing establishments are located in the southern part of the State, which possesses marked advantages for manufacturing, among which are an abundance of water power afforded by the Merrimac River, close proximity to the markets and business centres of New Eng in 1910, included the statistics of agriculture land and excellent transportation facilities. The industry whose products had the largest in the State. The figures given are of date of boots April 15, 1910. manufacture (value 50,395,000 31.8 AGRICULTURE. The Thirteenth Census, taken value in 1909 was that which included On that date the number of farms in the State was 27,053, as compared and shoes with cut stock and findings. In this there were with 29,324 in 1900, a decrease of 7.7 per cent. 68 establishments, employing 14,211 wage earners. The value of the The land in farms in the State amounted to product was $39,440,000. Next in point of 3,249,438 acres, as compared with 3,609,864 The improved land in farms value was the product of industries connected acres in 1900. amounted to 929,185 acres. The average numwith cotton goods, including cotton small wares. There were 21 such establishments, employing ber of acres per farm was 120. The value of 22,290 wage earners, and turning out a product farm property on April 15, 1910, was $103,704,valued at $33,602,000. The industry connected 196, as compared with a value in 1900 of $85,with the manufacture of woolen, worsted, and 842,096, an increase of 20.8 per cent. in value. felt goods, and wool hats numbered 39 estab- The average value of land per acre was $13.70 lishments, employing 9486 wage earners, and in 1910, as compared with $9.83 in 1900. The turning out a product valued at $16,731,000; average value of the farms in the State in lumber and timber products, 589 establishments, 1910 was $3800. The farms operated by ownemploying 8464 wage earners, with a product ers and managers numbered 25,174; by tenants, valued at $15,284.000; paper and wood pulp 1879. The total number of farms decreased 2271 industry, 34 establishments, employing 3413 in the decade from 1900 to 1910. Of the farms wage earners, with a product valued at $13,- operated by owners, those free from mortgage in 994,000; foundry and machine shop products, 81 establishments, employing 2396 wage earners, with a product valued at $4,947,000; hosiery and knit goods, 21 establishments, employing 3129 wage earners, with a product valued at $4,764,000; flour-mill and grist-mill products, 105 establishments, employing 116 wage earners, with a product valued at $3,187,000; marble and stone work, 99 establishments, employing 1527 wage earners, with a product valued at $1,818,000. Other industries whose product was valued at more than $1,000,000 and less than $2.000,000 were malt liquors, furniture and refrigerators, tobacco manufactures, and printing and publishing. The total number of persons en 1910 numbered 18,119; mortgaged farms, 6234. Of the total number of farms owned, 24,347 were owned by native white farmers, 2691 by foreignborn white farmers, and 15 by negro and other non-white farmers. The value of the domestic animals, poultry, and bees on the farms in the State on April 15, 1910, There were 167,831 cattle, was $11,910,478. valued at $5.240.122; 46,229 horses and colts, valued at $5,266,389; 195 mules, valued at $29,681; 45,237 swine, valued at $504.174, and 43.772 sheep and lambs, valued at $192.346. The various kinds of poultry numbered 924.859, valued at $649,121. The acreage, production, and value of the principal crops in 1910 and 1911 are shown in the following table: a Tons. b Pounds. 248,000 An appropriation of $20,000 for each of the 240,000 next two years was made for the treatment, 1,849,000 in such sanatoria as have been approved by 1,326,000 the State board of health, of indigent persons 12,134,000 afflicted with tuberculosis in advanced stages, 27,200 the board of charities and correction to have power to engage free beds for such persons. 11,558,000 25,800 EDUCATION. The total number of children between the ages of 5 and 16 in the State in 1909 was 37,575 boys and 37,349 girls. The average attendance in 1910 was 50,101. The number of public schools was 2113, graded schools, 1255, and high schools, 65. The average salary of teachers per month was $52.78. The State encourages by financial assistance the growth of a specially trained corps of teachers and professoinal supervision of schools. It guarantees every child an education in a high school or academy of college preparatory grade, or the equivalent. The State government also guarantees the academic efficiency of all secondary institutions. High schools and academies are rapidly opening their doors to higher education in agriculture, in the domestic and mechanic arts, and in commerce, but no school is allowed to undertake such lines of work unless it can first show a faculty specially trained for the work which it undertakes. The State stands well toward the head of the list of States, if not indeed at the very top, in the proportion of its pupils who complete the entire round of public schooling, from the primary school through high school, and later through college. The State makes a large appropriation, calculated to stimulate purely rural communities, in the direction of more efficient public schools. This appropriation has been increased nearly 300 per cent. in the last five years. As an actual result, it is not uncommon to find a remote country town of excellent agricultural possibilities, but as yet sparsely settled, possessing a central schoolhouse, to which all the children in the township are conveyed in comfortable barges, where they are under the instruction of specially trained teachers, who are themselves supervised by a specially trained superintendent of schools, who gives his entire time to the work. FINANCE. The total receipts for the fiscal year 1911 amounted to $2,612,077 and the disbursements to $2,707,535, leaving a balance on hand at the end of the year of $283,987. The indebtedness of the State at the end of the fiscal year was $463,867. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT The most important political events of the State during 1911 related to the session of the legislature, January 4 to April 15; the most notable measures enacted are mentioned in the paragraph Legislation below. The platform of both parties in the campaign of 1910 demanded progressive legislation of a definite character. There had been no contest in the Democratic primaries which renominated Clarence E. Carr, but in the Republican primaries there had been an earnest contest between Robert P. Bass, the candidate of the progressive faction, and Col. Bertram Ellis, supported by the old machine leaders, includ ing the members of the congressional delegation. Mr. Bass won, receiving about twice as many votes as his opponent. quent State convention the issues advocated by the progressive faction were written into the platform without opposition. At the subse In his inaugural message Governor Bass called attention to the progressive legislation promised in the platforms of both parties, and reminded the legislators that they were bound in honor to do all in their power to carry out those pledges. Measures fully meeting all of the promises of the majority party became law except two-one providing that delegates to national party conventions should be elected by direct primaries, and the other a ratification of the proposed constitutional amendment authorizing Congress to impose a tax on incomes. Such bills passed the house, but failed in the senate, the latter by a close vote, the governor sending a special message urging affirmative action. The divisions on these questions were not along party lines. A question that overshadowed all others before the legislature was focused in a bill of the Boston & Maine Railroad repealing clauses of acts of 1883 and 1889, forever forbidding the raising of fares and freights on railroad lines which were authorized to unite or consolidate, over those then in effect, if such union or consolidation was made. By virtue of such legislative authority, the Boston & Maine had come into control of practically all the railroad mileage of the State. In 1908 R. W. Pillsbury, CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS. The charitable who had been prominent in an agitation for and correctional institutions of the State, with legislation to reform the abuses in politics their population, August 31, 1911, are as follows: practiced by corporations, formally complained State hospital for insane, 489 male, 449 fe- to the attorney-general that in 1903 certain male, total, 938; State prison, 176 mile, 2 female, freight rates had been advanced beyond such total, 178; industrial school, 114 male, 32 female, legal limit, and were being collected, and asked total, 146; school for feeble-minded, 90 male, that the railroad be enjoined from such col90 female, total, 180; State sanatorium (tuber- lections. The attorney-general brought action, culosis), 18 male, 18 female, total, 36; alms- but before the matter was finally determined house population for the year ending August by the court the railroad managers publicly 31, 1911, 1173 male, 774 female, total, 1947; houses of correction, 1387 male, 89 female, total, 1476; county jails, 686 male, 39 female, total, 725. declared their purpose to restore the rates of 1883 and 1889, unless the legislature should grant relief. A special legislative committee began an investigation, but as it developed the time of the ordinary session was too short to the course taken by the Presbyterian missionto make it thorough, the rates now in force aries in the New Hebrides. They were accused were validated for the period from January, of having established a state of their own within 1910, to July, 1913, and the subject referred the state and of combating French influence. In to the new public service commission to inves- certain parts of the islands they had assumed tigate and report prior to the assembling of the administrative powers and established their own legislature in January, 1913. The legislature courts and prisons, thus violating the Angloalso passed an act looking to the purchase of the French condominium. The critic pointed to the Crawford Notch in the White Mountains, ap- ice in the islands and declared that the French superiority of the British administrative servpropriating $100,000 therefor. administration ought to be improved. The minister for the colonies declared his intention to enforce strictly the labor regulations in the islands. LEGISLATION. Among the important measures passed at the legislative session of 1911 were the following: Acts were passed subjecting the State trust and banking companies to a stricter supervision by the State bank comNEW JERSEY. POPULATION. The Thirmissioner; corporations are prohibited from teenth Census showed a population in the State making contributions to political campaign in 1910 of 2,537,167, compared with 1,883,669 funds; a measure was passed requiring publica- in 1900, an increase of 34.7 per cent. in the tion of the names of all contributors to cam- decade. The principal cities with their popupaign funds and the amount given by each. lation in 1910 and 1900 are as follows (the In prosecutions for bribery no witness is to be figures for 1900 are in parentheses): Newark, excused because his testimony would tend to 347,469 (246,070); Jersey City, 267,779 (206,incriminate him, but in such a case he is 432); Paterson, 125,600 (105,171); Trenton, not to be prosecuted. An important employers' 96,815 (73,307). liability act was passed, by the terms of which the employer is made liable for the negligence in 1910, included statistics of agriculture. These of other employees. The State board of public health was authorized to prohibit the use of common drinking cups in public places. A public service commission, to succeed a railroad commission, was created, with powers similar to those conferred by the New Jersey law. Enactments also provided for a tax commission, to succeed a board equalization; a registration fee for automobiles graded by horsepower; the filing by candidates of sworn statements of campaign expenses and receipts before and after the election. See CHILD LABOR; and ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION, INDUSTRIAL. AGRICULTURE. The Thirteenth Census, taken statistics are of date of April 15, 1910. According to these statistics there were on that date 33,487 farms in the State, as compared with 34,650 in 1900. The land in farms amounted to 2,573,857 acres, and the improved land in farms to 1,803,336 acres. The average acreage per farm was 76.9 acres. The total value of farm property, including land, buildings, implements, machinery, domestic animals, poultry, and bees, was $254,832,665, as compared with a value of $189,533,660 in 1900. The average value of all property per farm was $7610; of land per acre, $48.23. Of all the farms, 25,193 were operated by owners and managers, and 8294 by tenants. Of the farms operated by owners 11,983 were free of mortgage and 11,793 mortgaged. Of those owning and operating farms, 26,796 were native whites, 6215 were foreignborn whites, and 476 were negroes and other non-whites. The value of the various kinds of domestic animals and of poultry and bees was $24,558,639, as compared with a value of $17,612,620 in 1900. The cattle numbered 222,999, valued at $8,393,117; horses and colts, 88.922, valued at $12,012,512; mules, 4041, valued at $621,774; swine, 147,005, valued at $1,127.040; sheep and lambs, 30,683, valued at $161,138. The fowls of all kinds numbered 2,597.448, valued at $2,221,610. The acreage, production, and value of the principal crops in 1910 and 1911 Republican majority - will be found in the following table: joint ballot, 52. STATE OFFICERS. Governor, Robert P. Bass; Secretary of State, Edward N. Pearson; Treasurer, Solon A. Carter; Auditor, Frank A. Musgrove; Adjutant-General, Herbert E. Tutherly; Attorney-General, Edwin G. Eastman; Superintendent of Education, Henry C. Morrison; Commissioner of Agriculture, Nahum J. Bachelder; missioner of Insurance, George H. Adamsall Republicans. JUDICIARY. Supreme Court: Chief Justice, Frank N. Parsons, Rep.; Associate Justices, Robert J. Peaslee, Dem.; Reuben E. Walker, Rep.; John E. Young, Rep.; George H. Birgham, Dem.; clerk, A. J. Shurtleff, Rep. STATE LEGISLATURE, 1911. Senate, Republicans, 16; Democrats, 8. House, Republicans, 218; Democrats, 174. Joint ballot, Republicans, 234; Democrats, 182. Senate, 8; House, 44; The representatives in Congress will be found in the article UNITED STATES, section Corn .....1911 Congress. Prod., bu. Acreage 9,936,000 Value $7,055,000 Wheat Oats ......1911 1910 ....1911 1910 1910 267,000 9,612,000 5,767.000 84,000 1,462,000 1,404,000 Potatoes..1911 1910 ......1911 1910 Rye NEW HEBRIDES. A group of Melanesian islands, under the joint administration of France and Great Britain, with an area of 5166 sq. miles; population, 70,000. The islands are governed by the French and English high commissioners for the Pacific, acting through resident commissioners. French resident commissioner (1911), Hay M. Noufflard (M. Repiquet, acting); English, M. King. The imports are estimated at about £53,000, and the exports at £43,000. Joint expenditure (1908), £30,060. The debate on the colonial estimates in the French Chamber brought out a complaint of the former governor-general of Madagascar in regard a Tons. MINERAL PRODUCTION. The iron ore mined in the State in 1910 amounted to 521,832 long tons, valued at $1,582,213, as compared with 543,720 long tons, valued at $1,607,003. |