ページの画像
PDF
ePub

CHAPTER II.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE IN PHRASES.

Preliminary Remarks-I. DISTINCTIONS BELONGING TO PHRASES ONLY-General Problem-II. CLASSIFIED EXAMPLES-1. Prepositional-1. Simple - Ordinary-2. Compound — Ordinary — Relative-Compact-3. Complex-Simple-Compound—Loose—

Collective-Distributive-Adversative-Correlative - Indepen, dent-2. Infinitive-1. Simple-Ordinary-Compact-2. Compound-Ordinary-Relative-Compact-3. Complex-Simple

Compound-Loose-Collective-Distributive-AdversativeCorrelative - Independent — 3. Participial-1. Simple — Or, dinary-2. Compound-Ordinary-Relative-3. Complex-Simple-Compound - Loose-Collective-Distributive-Adversative-Independent-4. Independent-1. Prepositional-Simple-Complex-2. Infinitive-Simple-Compound-Complex

3. Participial-Simple-Compound-Complex-Collective Complex-Sentential-III. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

It has already been seen that, in their most important distinctions, phrases are subject to a classification nearly identical with that of propositions. Many of these distinctions have, of necessity, been incidentally exemplified in the foregoing chapter. What is here, then, absolutely required, is only the proper exhibition of the leading kinds of phrases according to grammatical form; and of such others as, from their peculiarity, are likely to occasion difficulty.

As a guide to their orderly presentation, and as an aid to the pupil in determining their species, the scheme of

classification given in the preceding chapter is here supplemented by a systematic outline of the distinctions peculiar to phrases, as determined by their grammatical form.

The examples for practice present the various kinds of phrases in their natural and almost necessary dependence in sentences or propositions. For the sake of greater brevity and clearness the phrases exemplified, have, as far as was practicable, been stripped of all unimportant adjuncts, and been relieved from any perplexing combination with those of a divergent character. This, of necessity, gives them often a more stiff and formal appearance than attaches to them as actually employed in composition.

I.-Distinctions belonging to Phrases only.

(a) Form.

1. Prepositional.

Ordinary.

Compact. (Having a two-fold Relative Term.)

Independent. (Employed without antecedents, as Substantives; or used as Logical Adjuncts or as parenthetical elements.)

2. Infinitive.

Ordinary.

Compact. (Logically involving the Relative in the Subsequent.)

Independent. (Employed without antecedents as Substantives; or used as Logical Adjuncts or as parenthetical elements.)

3. Participial.

Ordinary.

Independent. (Employed, without a logical agent, as Substantives; or used as Logical Adjuncts, or as parenthetical elements.)

4. Independent.

Prepositional. (With a Prepositional Phrase depending on
the Leading Term.)

Infinitive. (With an Infinitive Phrase depending on the
Leading Term.)

Participial. (With a Participial Phrase depending on the

Leader.)

Sentential. (With a Proposition depending on the Leader.)

GENERAL PROBLEM.

To determine according to the foregoing outline, the classification and composition of the phrases involved in each example, and their proper construction in diagram, according to the analysis involved.

[blocks in formation]

1. Ordinary. At this moment the leader of the party galloped to the front.

2. He beheld him in the star that sunk in beauty, behind his lonely dwelling.-Sprague.

3. (With a double, or compound preposition.) A fisherman's cottage peeped from among the trees.-Scott.

4. No doubt whatever is entertained as to the success of the enterprise.

2. COMPOUND.

5. Ordinary. Here the wigwam blaze beamed on the tender and helpless, the council fire beamed on the wise and daring.-Sprague.

6. A soft, sweet twilight of silence and repose now brooded dreamily over both land and sea.

7. Relative or Complex. What he is most pleased with, he looks at most. (Colloquial Form.)

8. Compact. The sun shines on and over all the world. 9. The greatest defects exist in, and even throughout the work; "even," an emphatic adjunct, modifying "throughout."

10. But they have instituted no particular inquiry into, nor given any explanation of its existence.-McCosh.

8. COMPLEX.

11. Simple. The true secret of attaining great ends is often found, only in sacrificing every less important consideration;" allaining great, &c.," a participial, phrase subsequent.

12. Having first erred in seeking winter quarters too soon, he next blundered egregiously in leaving them too late.

13. Compound. We can not approve of your being so hasty and using such intemperate language.

14. In devising ingenious methods, and shrewdly carrying them out, he is certainly unrivaled.

15. Loose. We are assured that the purchase and transfer of this vast territory to the government of the United States, has been perfected through the skill and foresight of the secretary alone.

16. The Hebrew poets abound in allusions to the stupendous phenomena of creation.-Tayler Lewis.

17. Collective. Thus, in advanced age, and under many infirmities, he was left without the means of subsistence, and with no prospect of relief.

18. At the given signal, and with tumultuous celerity, the enemy abandoned their position on the heights, and along their western slope, and assailed us vigorously in the center, and on our extreme left.

19. (With a modified relative, and a corresponding auxiliary.) He was remarkable, both for his exquisite tact, and for his not less remarkable persistence.

20. Distributive. Nothing like this, either in the originality of its design, or in the perfection of its finish, has been before exhibited.

21. Adversative. The success of the measure was due, not to the numerical strength or the parliamentary skill of its advocates, but to its intrinsic merits and the good sense of the majority.

22. Correlative. Some awaited the result in calm but anxious silence; others in assumed, but forced indifference; others still, in either sullen or half wild despair.

23. Independent. In short, the whole is a piece of strangely contrasted gravity and humor.

24. In truth, we know not what the matter is.--Tayler Lewis.

[blocks in formation]

25. Ordinary. He is prepared to undertake the work. 26. The dog-tooth violet is one of the first flowers to put forth.

27.

I am, by stern conviction, bound

To give you most displeasing answer.

28. The prince commanded him to set sail immediately. 29. Justice requires us to pay our debts promptly. 30. Compact. I saw him do the work himself. I plunged in and bade him follow.—Shakespeare. It bade my dark forebodings cease.-K. White.

2. COMPOUND.

31. Ordinary. The clouds now began to gather and grow dark.

32. At this juncture, the dark mass appeared to pause, sway doubtfully hither and thither, and then slowly recede. 33. You must persuade the sergeant to see me and my clerk.-Dickens.

34. To distinguish clearly, define accurately, and clas

« 前へ次へ »