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226. The interest displayed in Mr. Pickwick's countenance is most intense, as Mr. Weller and the guard try to squeeze the codfish into the boot,-first head first, and then tail first, and then top upwards, and then sideways, and then longways, all of which artifices the implacable codfish sturdily resists, until the guard hits him in the very middle of the basket, whereupon he suddenly disappears, and with him the head and shoulders of the guard himself, who, not calculating upon so sudden a cessation of the passive resistance of the codfish, experiences a very unexpected shock, to the unsmotherable delight of all the porters and by-standers.-Dickens.

227. We never, in a moral way, applaud or blame either ourselves or others for what we enjoy or what we suffer; or for having impressions made upon us, which we consider as being altogether out of our power: but only for what we do, or would have done, had it been in our power, or for what we leave undone which we might have done, or would have left undone though we could have done it.-Bp. Butler.

228. "When you survey this globe of earth, with all its appendages; when you behold it inhabited by numberless ranks of creatures, all moving in their proper spheres, all verging to their proper ends, all animated by the same great source of life, all supported at the same great bounteous table; when you behold, not only the earth, but the ocean and the air, swarming with living creatures, all happy in their situation; when you behold yonder sun darting an effulgent blaze of glory over the heavens, garnishing mighty worlds, and waking ten thousand songs of praise; when you behold unnumbered systems diffused through vast immensity, clothed in splendor, and rolling in majesty: when you behold these things, your affections will rise above all the vanities of time; your full souls

will struggle with ecstacy, and your reason, passions, and feelings, all united, will rush up to the skies, with a devout acknowledgment of the existence, power, wisdom, and goodness of God."

229. Everybody whose genius has a topographical bent, knows perfectly well that Muggleton is a corporate town, with a mayor, burgesses, and freemen; and anybody who has consulted the addresses of the mayor to the freemen, or the freemen to the mayor, or both to the corporation, or all three to Parliament, will learn from thence what they ought to have known before, that Muggleton is an ancient and loyal borough, mingling a zealous advocacy of Christian principles with a devoted attachment to commercial rights; in demonstration whereof the mayor, corporation, and other inhabitants have presented, at divers times, no fewer than one thousand four hundred and twenty petitions against the continuance of negro slavery abroad; an equal number against any interference with the factory system at home; sixty-eight in favor of the sale of livings in the church, and eighty-six for abolishing Sunday trading in the streets.-Dickens.

230. Stand for half an hour beside the fall of Schaffhausen, on the north side where the rapids are long, and watch how the vault of water first bends, unbroken, in pure polished velocity, over the arching rocks at the brow of the cataract, covering them with a dome of crystal twenty feet thick, so swift that its motion is unseen except when a foam-globe from above darts over it like a falling star; and how the trees are lighted above it, under all their leaves, at the instant that it breaks into foam; and how all the hollows of that foam burn with green fire like so much shattering chrysoprase; and how, ever and anon, startling you with its white flash, a jet of spray leaps hissing out of the fall like a rocket, bursting in the wind

and driven away in dust, filling the air with light; and how, through the curdling wreaths of the restless, crashing abyss below, the blue of the water, paled by the foam in its body, shows purer than the sky through white raincloud; while the shuddering iris stoops in tremulous stillness over all, fading and flushing alternately through the choking spray and shattered sunshine, hiding itself at last in among the thick golden leaves which toss to and fro in sympathy with the wild water; their dripping masses lifted at intervals, like sheaves of loaded corn, by some stronger gush from the cataract, and bowed again upon the mossy rock, as its roar dies away; the dew gushing from their thick branches, through drooping clusters of emerald herbage, and sparkling in white threads along the dark rocks of the shore, feeding the lichens which chase and checker them with purple and silver.-Ruskin.

CHAPTER III.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE IN WORDS.

Preliminary remarks-I. OUTLINE OF CLASSIFICATION-1. Substantive Words-Nouns-Pronouns-Contingent Substantives— 2. Phenomenal Words- Adjectives - Verbs - Participles-3. Circumstantial Words-Adverbs-Prepositions-Conjunctions— 4. Contingent Words-Rhetorical- Representative — II. ExAMPLES FOR PRACTICE-Problem-1. Classified Examples of Complex Words-1. Substantive Words-Nouns-Pronouns Adverbial Substantives-2. Phenomenal Words-Adjectives— Verbs-Participles-3. Circumstantial Words-Adverbs-Prepositions-Conjunctions-4. Phrase Words-Adverbial-Prepositional-Conjunctive-Miscellaneous Examples-2. Classified Examples of Variable Words in alphabetical order—Miscellaneous Examples.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

As in the case of sentences, propositions, and phrases, an outline of classification was needed for the guidance of the learner in his practice in analysis,—so also in the case of words. Hence, a somewhat complete, though necessarily concise outline of the classification of words is here introduced. Inasmuch, however, as the learner's existing knowledge of etymology will render this portion of the field less unfamiliar and perplexing, that outline will be given without particular explanation, and, except in the cases mentioned below, without a classified exemplification of the various distinctions indicated. In most instances, the terms employed are already understood; and in others, their descriptive character will generally indi

cate their proper application with sufficient clearness for all present purposes. For the sake of brevity, the proper abbreviations will be used instead of the full terms, wherever the space demands it, and the meaning is sufficiently evident to prevent misconception.

Two classes of words-complex words and variable words are not unfrequently the occasion of much perplexity and dispute among teachers and learners. Especial pains has been taken, therefore, to exemplify these in systematic order, and with considerable minuteness. The miscellaneous examples given under this head are adapted to a careful practice in the more acute, logical analysis of words as such. No distinct notice has, however, been taken of the complex words,—the verbal noun, verbal adjective, verbal adverb, verbal preposition, verbal conjunction, and verbal exclamation,—for the reason that they are so purely logical in their subordinate offices, as to be subject to no peculiarities in grammatical construction, requiring explanation.

Variable words will be found exemplified in alphabetical order, and with such completeness as was practicable in the space allowed. Generally, the more obvious offices have been omitted, particularly the purely technical, substantive office. It will be observed, also, that the miscellaneous examples under this head embrace not only variable words, but also those of a peculiar, oblique, or idiomatic character. These examples are designed to furnish problems in the analysis of words of a most searching and exhaustive character.

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