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The Sanskrita and the Greek were alike in the early stages of their progress, and seem to have advanced, side by side, with equal steps, and in the third person plural of the substantive verb they are nearly the same in the oldest dialect

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L. sum. es. est.

ἐσμέν. ἐστέ. ἐντί.

smah. stha. santi.

sumus. estis. sunt.

The common termination is tiol. The Latins retain the s in sumus and sunt, which the Greeks discard, and for oυ, it, iTrà, own, six, seven, write sui, sex, septem, and follow the Sauskrit, that has sava, own, shash, six, sapta, seven.

From these examples we may fairly collect, that the Greek, Ro man, and Sanskrita, are but dialects of an original tongue, which will be shown more at length hereafter; and conclude with a single observation. Whilst the Hindoos were polishing their Vedas, and Menu was composing his Institutes in one quarter of the world, the Greeks, in the person of their bard, Homer, or Man of Song, with the aid of traditional ballads on the Trojan war, went near to exhaust all the powers of the human mind in a single poem. Herodotus, Dionysius, Periegetes, and Eustathius, derive the Latin language from the Eolians, and the Dorians from Tyrrhenus, a Lydian, a son of Atys, and the Pelasgi from Cyllene, in Arcadia, under Evander, who, in the reign of Agamedes in Arcadia, arrived on the coast of Italy, where he built a fortress for his son Pallas, and called it Пaλλávrov, from whence the Romans dropping the liquids, nu and lamda, called the residence of Princes Palatia.

But that this is not exactly so, we may pronounce even from what we have seen, and of the Romans it may be said, with Lucretius,

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They drank as well as the Greeks from the source, and retained the whole of a word, when the Greeks only took a part, as in serpentes, from groves, with the Sanskrita S in sarpa. So in declining the verbs of the first conjunction, jetum, to beat, is declined like Túrw, and vivo like jivāmi, which is as much of the Sanskrita inflection as post from poshat, without the aid of Greek. The conclusion, therefore, is what I hinted before, that the Greek, Roman, and Sanskrita, are but parts of a first language.

To be continued in our next.

S. WESTON.

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Nocum Lexicon Græco Latinum in Nov. Test. Congessit et variis observationibus philologicis illustravit Joh. Freder. Schleusner. Recensuerunt Jacobus Smith S. T. P. Joannes Strauchon, et Adamus Dickenson. Editio quarta aliis emendatior. Edinburg. Academ. Typ. Londini apud Lunn. Svo. 2 vol. in 4 pts. 1814. 37. 3s. l. p. 6l. 6s.

THE merits of the learned Schleusner are too well known to Biblical Scholars and Philologians to require any encomium from us; his industry is sufficiently proved by the number of works he has published; and the extent of his reading by their erudition. Of all his productions, however, the most valuable, because the most generally useful, is his Lexicon to the Nov. Test.: its utility is shown by the great esteem in which it is held by domestic and Foreign Critics; to those engaged in the criticism of the N. T. it is indispensably necessary; while it is extremely useful to the expositor or the commentator; and it may not be too much to affirm, that no Theologian ought to be without it.

Entertaining these sentiments, therefore, of the work, we take an early opportunity of expressing our pleasure at seeing it reprinted in so neat and useful a form. The German edition is in this country extremely scarce; nor can the case well be different during the present war. Besides, although in general very valuable, it has several disadvantages; the English editors profess (Preface, p. xvii.) to have corrected more than a thousand errors of the press observable in the last Leipsic edit., and in the Foreign editt. many words are explained by German expressions: these are, of course, useless to such as are not acquainted with the German language: but in the present edition these passages are closely rendered into English, while the German text is also printed for the use of such as may understand it. To the real scholar, who will regard utility more than mere outward appearance, one of the smallest advantages of this edition is, that it is printed with very beautiful types, and on excellent paper; but still this circumstance may be agreeable to the bibliographical epicure, and may induce him to prefer the Edinburgh to the Leipsic edit.

On the merits of the work itself our contracted limits permit us to say but little. In every human performance errors will, of course, be found; that may be reputed best, which is least contaminated with mistakes. It cannot, therefore, be reasonably expected, that even the Lexicon of Schleusner should be entirely free from marks of human imperfection: but we may venture to pro

nounce, that few improvements can be made in it, especially in the present state of Biblical Criticism. There are, however, a few circumstances on which we shall freely make our remarks, which we submit to the candor and judgment of the learned author, and the literary world.

In his remarks on the Greek article, he assigns to it an indefiHite use: "indefinite usurpatur, quidam, aliquis, i. q. ris," and among many other passages, the examination of which would occupy too much space, he instances Matth. xiii. 2., and translates the words is Tò TλOTOV, “in navem quandam." Before we proceed to the examination of this assertion, we should acknowledge, that the same interpretation has been sanctioned by Rosenmüller, "nam articulus Tò hic indefinitè sumitur." It may be remarked, however, that an indefinite use of the article does not occur in the N. T.: the passages, in which it is generally esteemed indefinite, may all be otherwise explained. In the present passage Wakefield observes, that "a particular vessel is uniformly specified; that it seems to have been kept on the lake for the use of Jesus and the Apostles; that it probably belonged to some of the fishermen, (see iv. 22.) who, he thinks, occasionally at least, continued to follow their former occupation." (see John xxi. 3.) The conjecture of Mr. W. appears to be confirmed entirely by Mark iii. 9., where Jesus is said to have commanded a wholάgion #goσκαρτερῇ αὐτῷ, διὰ τὸν ὄχλον, ἵνα μὴ θλίβωσιν αὐτόν : which Schleusner, (v. роσnagtagéw) translates "ut navigiolum SEMPER sibi prasto esset." The ship, therefore, in both instances, was probably the same; and hence the force of the article is apparent. The passage in Mark is rendered somewhat differently in the Peshito! H: La Aso · Alam op? Loopblá plo

by which the Syriac translator has rendered goσxagrep, properly signifying" accedere fecit, provenit:" and undert his explanation Castell refers to the passage. (In voc. Lex. Syr. Ed. Michaëlis, 4to. Götting. 1788.) But this rendering, which might perhaps annul the force of the argument drawn from the passage of Mark, does not appear to lay any claim to high authority.

When we commenced our examination of the Lexicon before us, we had marked some other passages, on which we intended to animadvert; but on a second examination of them, we perceive that they will require a more prolix and particular commentary than the proposed limits permit us to occupy. We hope, however, at some future time to return to the consideration of them. In the mean time we can only express our wish, that this Lexicon may be taken into more general use: we have already mentioned some of its advantages; in detailing them all we might easily fill a volume. In some opinions, the author may be singular; but in no instance

has he ever asserted any thing which he was unable to defend by ingenious and plausible argument; and the reader, even while differing from him in opinion, must admire and applaud his arguments, or, at least, the manner in which they are brought forward. It were needless to produce examples, in which he displays these qualities; they may be seen in every part of his works; and we desire not by extracts to anticipate or diminish the pleasure our readers will have in perusing the book itself.

Before we part from the author, we cannot but declare our assent to one of his opinions, which appears undoubtedly founded in truth. He expresses his conviction, that in Matt. xxvii. 17. the true reading is Ἰησοῦς Βαραββᾶς : and that in that, and the parallel passages, (Matt. xxvii. 16. 20. 21. 26. Mark xv. 7. 11. 15. Luke xxiii. 18. John xviii. 40.) 66 Ejectum est a librariis, ne nomen Jesu conveniat alicui iniquorum ut recte monuit Origines Homil. xxxv. in Matt." (Schleusner in b. Bagaßßäs.) We learn from Professor J. G. C. Adler, that the addition 'Insoy is found in three MSS. "Wetsten. 1. a primâ manu, Griesbachian. 118. and Birchian. Venet. 10. a primâ manu :" (Verss. Syr. p. 172. 4to. 1789.) that in many copies the Scholia testify that it was found in ancient copies; that the same reading is also met with in the Armen. Vers. according to La Croze; that there is a tradition among the Syrians, that Barabbas was called also Jesus; that this is related by Solomon, Metropolitan of Bassora, who lived in the year 1222: that his words, as preserved in the Vatic. MSS. CLXXVI. are

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And lastly, "Jesus Barabbas" is the reading of the Vers. Syr. Hierosol. The name Jesus, then, according to Origen, was omitted, lest the name of the Redeemer should appear to be profaned by being given to a murderer; (see Mark xv. 7.) "En causam, quamobrem in plurimis exemplis expunctum est nomen Jesu." (Adler Verss. Syr. p. 173.)

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

CLASSICAL.

An edition of Livy has just issued from the Oxford press under the auspices of an eminent scholar resident in the University. It contains the text of Drakenborch, various readings, &c. and the whole of the notes of Crevier, 4to. and duod. It is printed in 4 vols. oct. pr. 31. large paper 61.

Mr. W. HAYGARTH has in the Press a Poem in three parts, descriptive of GREECE. The first part comprises the Northern parts of VOL. IX. Cl. JI.

No. XVII.

P

Greece; the second, Athens; and the third, the Peloponnesus. There will be Notes and Classical Illustrations to each of the parts, and eight Engravings from sketches made on the spot. The subjects of the Engravings are, the Summit of Pindus Thermopyla-DelphiTemple of Theseus-Puyx and Acropolis at Athens-Sparta-A ruined Temple of Apollo in Arcadia-and Mycena.

The Rape of Proserpine, with other Poems from Claudian, translated into English verse, with Notes and a prefatory Discourse, by JACOB GEORGE STRUTT. In this translation it has been the chief object to display to the English reader, the peculiar beauty and richness of Claudian's muse; those pieces therefore whose subject is too much debased by adulation and panegyric, are purposely omitted. Elegantly printed in octavo.

The Latin and Italian Poems of Milton, complete, translated into English verse, by the same. Elegantly printed in small 8vo.

BIBLICAL.

Just published, a new edition, with considerable additions and improvements, Novum Lexicon Gr. Lat. in N. Testamentum, congessit et variis observationibus philologicis illustravit JOH. FRIEDEr. SCHLEUSNER, recens. J. SMITH, S. T. D.; J. STRAUCHON; et A. DICKINSON, editio quarta, 4 vol. 8vo. 37. 38. A few copies are worked off on royal 8vo. 6l. For an account of this important work see our present No.

ORIENTAL.

A new edition, with additions, Motives to the Study of Hebrew; collected by the Rt. Rev. the Ld. Bp. of St. DAVID'S, in 2 parts, 12mo. bds. 48.

Hebrew Elements; or a Practical Introduction to the Reading of the Hebrew Scriptures: consisting of Four Tracts, viz. A Hebrew Primer,Syllabarium Hebraicum,-and the Hebrew Reader, Part I. and Part II. for the use of learners who were not taught Hebrew at School, and of Schools where it has not yet been introduced. By the same. Third Edition, bds. 68.

12mo.

Mr. J. F. GYLES, of Bath, is preparing for press the Elements of Hebrew Grammar. Part I. will contain the doctrine of the Vowel Points,--the Accidents of Nouns, Verbs, &c. Part II. will contain observations on the structure, genius, and idioms of the language.

Greek and Latin Books lately imported from the
Continent.

Erasmi Opera, ex recens. Clerici, 11 vol. folio, chart. max.

vellum, 421.

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