whole of the inhabitants were under arms and on their guard against any attempts of the English, when they attacked all of that nation whom they found in the streets so sharply that it was with difficulty that they could join their companions on the bridge, and in the palace and castle. In the pursuit, from seven to eight English were killed, and the townsmen gained possession, in the interim, of the principal gates of the town. The count de Dunois lost no time in hastening to the relief of Rouen, but instantly mounted his horse, attended by a large company of men-at-arms. In the number was Flocquet, bailiff of Evreux; but in his hurry he forgot to put his greaves on, and was so badly kicked by one of the horses of his troop that his leg was broken, and he was carried back to be cured at Pont-de-l'Arche, after he had given the command of his men to the lord de Maulny. On the arrival of this force before Rouen, those within St. Catherine's were summoned to surrender the place to the king of France, who had, during the summons, set out from Pontde-l'Arche, grandly accompanied by men-at-arms and archers, to appear personally before the walls of Rouen. He had ordered his artillery to be charged, for an immediate attack on his arrival at St. Catherine's, although there was no necessity,-for the governor of the place, having six-score English under his orders, seeing so noble a company, and knowing that the king was on the road, fearful also of the event if he made any resistance, surrendered it to the count de Dunois, and he and his garrison marched away whither they pleased. The bailiff of Evreux was appointed governor until the king should otherwise dispose of it. A herald was sent with the English garrison of St. Catherine's, to answer for their safety, and to conduct them to Port St. Ouen. On their march they met the king, who bade them take nothing from the poor people without paying for it; but as they said they had no money, he gave them the sum of one hundred francs to defray the expenses, and then they continued their march with their baggage, of which, indeed, they had little, to Honfleur, or wherever else they pleased. The king took up his quarters that night at St. Catherine's, with the intent to accomplish his enterprise. To gain the city of Rouen, the count de Dunois, the count de Nevers, the lord d'Orval, the lord de Blainville, and the lord de Maulny, advanced with all their men, with the king's banners displayed, before that gate of Rouen called Martinville, and drew up in battle-array near to the bulwark of the gate. The citizens came out with the keys of the gates and presented them to the count de Dunois,—at the same time pressing him to enter the town with as many of his men as he pleased. The count replied, that he would act as should be most agreeable to them, when, after some further conversation respecting the welfare of the city, sir Pierre de Brézé, seneschal of Poitou, was ordered to enter with one hundred lances and his archers, the lord de Maulny with the same number of lances, and the archers of Robert de Flocques, and one hundred lances and archers from the men of the count de Dunois. They posted themselves as near to the English as they could, namely the men of the count de Dunois in front of the government-palace, in which were the duke of Somerset and lord Talbot, with twelve hundred English, the lord de Maulny between the palace and the castle, and the seneschal of Poitou facing the castle. The other captains were encamped in the fields and posted in the villages on the side toward the countries of Caux and Beauvoisis. The king's army was a fine sight; for never, in the memory of man, had the king so grand or so numerous an assembly of lords, barons, knights, and esquires, with common men, as were now under his orders. On This evening the English surrendered the bridge, the guard of which was given to the lord de Herunville, and on the morrow the gates of the town were thrown open for all to enter or go out as they pleased. The duke of Somerset was afflicted at heart to see the great army the king had brought against him, and demanded a conference with him. this being told the king, he was well pleased to agree to it. In consequence, the duke of Somerset set out, on the fifth day afterward, from the palace, accompanied by a certain number of persons and by some of the king's heralds, who escorted him to St. Catherine's on the mount of Rouen, where the king received him, attended by the king of Sicily, the count de Dunois, and others of his council and blood. The patriarch of Antioch, the archbishop of Rouen, and other prelates, were likewise present. After the usual salutations, and when the duke had paid his respects to the king, he requested that his majesty would be pleased to allow him and lord Talbot, with the men under their command, to march away with their baggage in safety, according to the terms of the general amnesty which had been agreed to by the lords of his council. The king deliberately and prudently replied that his request was unreasonable, because they had refused to accept or adhere to the terms of the amnesty, but in contempt of it had held, and now did hold, the palace and castle contrary to his will, and had also done everything in their power to prevent the inhabitants of Rouen from surrendering their town. The amnesty had, therefore, been annulled by their own conduct; and before they were suffered to leave the palace, Honfleur, Harfleur, and all places in the country of Caux, now in the hands of the king of England, must be given up to him. The duke of Somerset, on receiving this answer, took leave of the king and returned to the palace, and saw every one, in all the streets he passed through, wearing the white cross, which did not tend to raise his spirits. He was escorted back by the counts of Eu and of Clermont. CHAPTER XXIV. -THE KING OF FRANCE BESIEGES THE DUKE OF SOMERSET, LORD TALBOT, AND THEIR MEN, IN THE GOVERNMENT-PALACE OF ROUEN.- -THEY SURRENDER, ON CONDITION OF BEING ALLOWED TO MARCH AWAY ON YIELDING UP THE CASTLE OF ARQUES, AND OTHER PLACES MENTIONED. ON Wednesday the 22d of October, the king of France commanded the government-palace and the castle of Rouen to be besieged at the same time. Eight hundred lances, with the archers, were ordered on this service, who made deep trenches round the palace, as well in the town as in the fields. Bombards and cannon were pointed against the gates that opened to the country and town. All these preparations greatly dismayed the duke of Somerset. Having considered that there was very little provision or stores within the palace, and a great many men, and that there was not a possibility of his being relieved, he requested, on the 28th of the same month, that the king would permit him to speak with him, which the king kindly granted. The duke left the palace accompanied by about forty of his principal knights and esquires: he was dressed in a long robe of blue figured velvet, lined with sables, having on his head a crimson-velvet bonnet, trimmed also with sables. The king's heralds escorted him through the tower to the sallyport leading to St. Catherine's, where he was met by the count de Clermont, eldest son to the duke of Bourbon, and other knights and esquires, who conducted him to St. Catherine's, where the king received him very kindly in an apartment most richly decorated. The king had with him at this audience the king of Sicily, the counts of Maine, of Dunois, of Nevers, of Clermont, of St. Pol, of Castres, of Tancarville, the viscount of Loumaigne, and so many great lords and knights, that it would be tiresome to name them all. When the duke had saluted the king, he requested that his majesty would be pleased to grant to him, and the English in the palace and castle, the same capitulation he had granted to the town. The king replied aloud, and in handsome terms, that the same capitulation had been granted them at the conference at St. Ouen, but that neither himself nor his countrymen, like ill-advised persons, would accept of it: his request was therefore so unreasonable, that he could not grant it. The duke then took his leave of the king, and returned, with those who had accompanied him, to the palace, escorted, for his security, by the counts of Clermont, of Eu, and of Castres. The king ordered the count de Dunois to push forward his approaches to the palace with the greatest vigour, on the side toward the country as well as on that toward the town. The lieutenant-general obeyed this order with so much activity, valour, and prudence, that the English were completely blockaded in both the castle and the palace. The English now demanded a parley with the count de Dunois, and a truce was concluded between them. The bailiff of Evreux, the marshal de la Fayette, and others of the king's council, were called in to the conference, when the truce was prolonged from day to day, for the space of twelve days, because the English would not leave the lord Talbot as a hostage for the performance Arques, two leagues from Dieppe. of the treaty. After many discussions, it was at length agreed that the duke of Somerset, lieutenant of the king of England, his lady, children, and all the English within the palace and castle should depart in safety with their effects, whithersoever they pleased, leaving behind the prisoners and heavy artillery. They were bound to pay the king of France the sum of fifty thousand crowns within the twelvemonth, and to those who had concluded this treaty six thousand. They also promised faithfully to pay everything they owed to the innkeepers, townsmen, tradesmen, and others of Rouen. The duke of Somerset and his companions were besides bounden to deliver up the castle of Arques, the town of Caudebec, the castle of Tancarville and Lillebonne, the towns of Honfleur and Monstierville, to the king of France, or to such commissioners as he should appoint to receive them. For the fulfilment of these engagements the duke of Somerset gave written promises, and also left, as hostages for their performance, lord Talbot, the sons of lord Abergavenny, of lord Roos, and of the duchess of Somerset, of the earl of Ormond in Ireland, and two other English noblemen. On the conclusion of this treaty, the duke of Somerset and the English departed from the palace on the 4th day of November, and went straight to the town of Harfleur, some by water, others by land. The hostages remained under the care of the king's commissaries in Rouen. The duke of Somerset, before his departure, had directed sir Thomas Hou and Fulk Hou* to restore to the king of France the places mentioned in the treaty; which was done, excepting Honfleur; for the governor, called master Thomas Coursont, refused to surrender it, and the lord Talbot, therefore, remained prisoner to the king. On Monday, the 10th of November, the eve of the feast of St. Martin, the count de Dunois and the bailiff of Rouen had the king's banner displayed from the castle, palace, and walls of the city, by one of the king's heralds, and in the presence of the principal inhabitants. S CHAPTER XXV. THE KING OF FRANCE MAKES A GRAND ENTRY INTO ROUEN. HE IS After the archers came the heralds of the king of France, the king of Sicily, and the other princes in company with the king, all dressed in their tabards of arms; and with them were some pursuivants. Then came the trumpeters and clarions, who sounded so loudly, that it was very melodious, and gave much delight to hear them: the king's trumpeters were clothed in crimson, having their sleeves covered with embroidery. Next came sir William Juvenal des Ursins, knight, lord of Trainel, and chancellor of France ‡, dressed in his robes of ceremony, namely, a robe, mantle, and hood of scarlet, trimmed with minever, and on each * Sir Thomas Hou, &c. Q. Howe? Berry changes the names into Hou and Heston. See Hollingshed, &c. See also ch. xv. p. 156 of this volume. Thomas Curzon, captain of Harfleur.-STOWE. Aftorwards also Viscount of Troyes. He was chancellor from 1445 to 1461, and again from 1465 to 1472, when he died. of his shoulders were golden ribands, interlaced with strips of fur. Before him walked two footmen, leading by the bridle a white hackney, covered with a housing of blue velvet, besprinkled with flowers-de-luce and gold tissue. On this housing was placed a small coffer, covered also with blue velvet, and flowers-de-luce in silversmith's-work, in which were the seals of the king. After him rode an equerry of the stables, called Pierre Fonteville*, fully armed, and mounted on a charger covered with housings of azure velvet, having great clasps of silver gilt: he had on his head a pointed hat, with the point trimmed with crimson velvet and ermine. He bore before him, in a scarf, the royal mantle of scarlet, ornamented with purple fringes and ermine. Next came, without any interval between him and the king, the lord de Saintrailles, grand equerry of the royal stables, and bailiff of Berry. He was in complete armour, mounted on a charger with similar housings and clasps as the said Fonteville, and bore in a scarf the royal sword of state, whose handle, cross, and sheath, were covered with blue velvet, besprinkled with flowers-de-luce of gold. Then came the king, in complete armour, on a stately charger, with housings reaching to the ground, of blue velvet, covered with flowers-de-luce in embroidery. embroidery. On his head was a beaver hat, lined with crimson velvet, having on the crown a tuft of gold thread. He was followed by his pages dressed in crimson, their sleeves covered with silver plates, the armour of their horses' heads was of fine gold, variously ornamented, and with plumes of ostrich feathers of divers colours. On the right of the king rode the king of Sicily, and on the left his brother the count of Maine, both in full armour, their horses richly ornamented with similar housings, having white crosses, and their devices intermixed with tufts of gold thread. Their pages' horses had the like housings; but their head-armour was of fine gold with their devices. After them came the counts de Nevers, de St. Pol, and de Clermont. The first was mounted, fully armed, on a charger covered with green velvet embroidered with gold, and followed by three pages dressed in violet and black: he was also accompanied by twelve gentlemen completely armed, mounted on horses covered with violet-coloured satin: each housing bore a white cross, except one whose housing was of green satin. The count de St. Pol was likewise in full armour, mounted on a charger having a housing of black satin covered with silversmith's-work and embroidery. His five pages were clothed in black satin, slashed below, which slashes were covered with silversmith's-work: the housings of their horses were the same. One of them bore a lance covered with crimson velvet, another a lance covered with figured gold tissue, and the third bore on his head a helmet of fine gold, richly ornamented; and behind these pages was his groom, handsomely dressed, with the housings of his horse similar to the others, leading a handsome charger in hand. The count de Clermont was also completely armed, mounted on his charger covered with housings of his livery, as were his pages. The lord de Culant, grand-master of the king's household (having the command of a battalion of six hundred lances, each having a pennoncel of crimson satin, with a golden sun in the centre), followed the pages of the king, in complete armour, a hat on his head, and mounted on a charger covered with a housing of blue and red velvet in stripes, each stripe having a large golden or silver leaf: the armour of his horse was similarly ornamented. He wore round his neck a baldrick of pure gold, that hung down below the crupper of his horse. With the lord de Culant was an esquire called Rogerin Blosset, equerry of the stables to the king, who bore the royal standard of crimson satin, having the figure of St. Michael in the centre, and besprinkled with leaves of gold. Jean de Scaenville was also in the rear of the king: he was surnamed Havart, bailiff of Dreux, and esquire-carver to the king, and bore the royal pennon, which was of azure velvet, with three flowers-de-luce embroidered thereon in gold, and the border of this pennon was of large pearls. In their attendance on the king were numbers of great lords, such as the viscount de Lomagne, the count de Castres, Ferry lord of Lorraine, sir John his brother, the lord d'Orval, the count de Tancarville, the lord de Montgascon, son to the count de Boulogne and Auvergne, the lord de Jalognes marshal of France, the lord de Beauveau, and more than I can remember, all clad in complete armour, and their horses covered with housings of velvet or satin, having on each a white cross. *Fonteville. Fontenay.-MS. Du Cange. Thus did the king advance until he came within bow-shot of the Beauvoisine gate, near to the Carthusian convent, where the count de Dunois, his lieutenant-general, came out to meet him, mounted on a charger covered with crimson velvet, and himself dressed in a crimson velvet jacket trimmed with sables: he was girt with a magnificent sword, whose pummel was set with diamonds, pearls aud rubies, to the value of fifteen thousand crowns. The seneschal of Poitou, and Jacques Coeur, master of the king's wardrobe, attended him mounted on chargers covered and clad like to the lieutenant-general. The bailiff of Evreux and sir William Cousinot were also there, the first mounted on a charger covered with - crimson velvet, and himself clad in the same stuff. Sir William Cousinot had lately been nominated bailiff of Rouen, and was dressed in blue velvet with rich clasps of silver gilt; his horse had housings of the same. The lieutenant-general had brought from the town to do reverence to the king, the archbishop of Rouen, the bishops of Lisieux, Bayeux, and Coutances, and the principal inhabitants. When these prelates had done their obeisance, they returned into the town, leaving the citizens, who were very numerous, clad in blue with red hoods, with the lieutenant, who presented them to the king. After paying their humble reverence, they delivered the keys of their town into the hands of the king, as their sovereign lord; and after many fine speeches from them, which he heard with kindness, he gave the keys to the before-mentioned seneschal, appointing him governor of the place. The king then began his entrance into the city in the same order as I have described; but the moment he began to move, a procession of prelates and churchmen, in their pontifical habits, regulars and seculars, bearing jewels and relics, and accompanied by the four mendicant orders, came out to meet him, singing "Te Deum laudamus," for the joyful arrival of the king of France, their sovereign lord. They placed themselves before the chancellor of France, the lord de la Fayette marshal of France, the lord de Gaucourt first chamberlain to the king, the lord de Presseigny, and Jacques Coeur, who all had their horses covered with velvet and satin, and had jackets of the same with white crosses. The count de Dunois placed himself directly before the king, near to the equerry of the stables. It is certain, that in the memory of man, never was king seen with so handsome a body of chivalry, so finely dressed, nor so great a number of men-at-arms as the king of France had with him on his regaining his good city of Rouen. At the entrance of the gates, a youth, aged about twelve or thirteen years, and son to the lord de Presseigny, was knighted by the seneschal of Poitou. At the gate of the bulwark were four of the most distinguished of the citizens with an exceedingly rich canopy, which they held over the head of the king until he came to the church of Our Lady in Rouen. All round this gate, and on the bulwark, were immense crowds of people, who, on the king's entrance in the midst of his men-at-arms, sang carols for joy at the happy event. In all the squares were different pageants: in one was a fountain ornamented with the arms of the town, namely, a lamb, who spouted out liquors from his horns. Elsewhere was a tiger with its young ones, who were admiring themselves in looking glasses; and near to the church of Our Lady was a flying stag, sumptuously made, having on his neck a crown,—and he kneeled down, by way of reverence to the king as he passed on his way to the church. At this place were the count de Dunois with lord Talbot and the English hostages at a window, to see the pageant: the last were very pensive, and hurt at heart, on witnessing a sight so disagreeable to their interests. The king dismounted on his arrival before the church, where he was received by the archbishop and his clergy, richly dressed in their copes. Having entered the church, he continued some time in prayer, and thence went to the palace of the archbishop, where he was lodged. Every one now returned to their homes, and the populace made great bonfires in all the streets, to testify their joy on the occasion. The archbishop, on the morrow, led several solemn processions, and the day was kept sacred from all labour and work, the same as if it had been Sunday. On the Wednesday and Thursday, the rejoicings were continued, and tables were spread in the street, covered with meats and wines for all comers, at the expense of the inhabitants. They also made rich presents to the king, his officers, his heralds and pursuivants, then present. While the king remained at the archbishop's palace, the churchmen, citizens and inhabitants, required an audience of him, touching certain requests they had to make. On its being granted, they entered the great hall, where the king was |