very prejudicial to his future interests. It was also said, that the king, during his residence at the castle of Hêdin, had well considered its situation and strength, as the key of the county of Artois, and had demanded it from the duke, offering in exchange the towns of Tournay and Mortagne *, with some other places; but the duke would not listen to it, thinking such offers were made more to his hurt than otherwise.

When the king departed from Hêdin, on the 19th of October, the duke attended him to a considerable distance; and it was said that the duke, on quitting him, made several requests, and, among others, entreated that he would not turn out his officers from the places to which he had appointed them, in the several towns that were now become the king's, all of which the king granted, but did not fulfil; for he instantly removed some of the officers in Abbeville, and made the inhabitants and gentlemen in the neighbourhood renew their oaths to him, although many of them had served the duke of Burgundy from their youth; but the king made them swear to serve him against all other men whatever. He deprived the lord de Saveuses of his government of the cities and towns of Amiens, Arras, and Dourlens, and gave it to the lord de Lannoy, nephew to the lord de Croy, who was then governor, for the duke of Burgundy, of Lille, Douay, and Orchies. The king also gave him the government of Mortagne, dismissing from it the lord de Hautbourdin, bastard de St. Pol, and made him bailiff of Amiens, instead of the lord de Crevecoeur. In addition to all these places, the king settled on him a yearly pension of two thousand livres. All these favours heaped on the lord de Lannoy astonished every one; for he had commenced his career of fortune under the house of Burgundy, and had never done any services to king Louis of France.

CHAPTER CXI.-THE

DEATH OF THE DOWAGER QUEEN OF FRANCE. THE KING SUMMONS THE COUNT DE SAINT POL AND THE LORD DE GENLY TO APPEAR PERSONALLY BEFORE HIM. THE MARRIAGE OF THE SON OF THE DUKE OF GUELDRES. THE ABOLITION OF THE PRAGMATIC SANCTION.

ABOUT this time, the lady Mary of Anjou, queen of France, mother to king Louis now on the throne, departed this life. She was renowned for being a very good and devout lady, very charitable, and full of patience.

The king of France had now summoned the count de St. Pol and the lord de Genly to appear in person before him, on the 15th day of November ensuing, wherever he might then be. The reason of this was currently said to be the different journeys the lord de Genly had been remarked to make to the duke of Brittany, to conclude certain treaties between that duke and the count de Charolois, to oppose the king of France should he attempt hostilities against them; for they were in his ill favour, as was apparent from the duke of Brittany having all his places fortified, and his army ready prepared to resist an invasion of his country. It was likewise said, that the duke of Bourbon and some other princes of France were in alliance with them against the king, on account of the strange manner in which he had treated them.

On the 15th of October a blaze of light was seen in the heavens; and it seemed that the clouds opened to show this blaze, for the space of time in which an Ave-Maria could be repeated, and then closed again: it ended with a long flaming tail before it vanished.

The bishop of Tournay returned at this period from the embassy on which the duke of Burgundy had sent him to pope Pius at Rome. He reported to the duke, that the pontiff depended on having forty thousand combatants to march against the Turk, which he would lead in person, and put on the cross against the Infidels, in case the duke would accompany him with six thousand fighting men, and act under him as his general. The duke was much rejoiced at this intelligence, and despatched his letters to all those who had made the vow of going to Turkey, and to all his knights and vassals, to prepare themselves and assemble at Bruges on the ensuing 15th day of December. On their arrival at Bruges, he had them informed that it was his intention to march in person against the Turks and Infidels, and to

Mortagne,-in Flanders, on the conflux of the Scarpe and Scheldt, three leagues from Tournay.

be at Aiguesmortes about the middle of next May to embark for the East; but that he would assemble them again before his departure, to inform them in what manner he should settle the government of his country during his absence on this expedition.

On the 18th of December in this year, the marriage of the eldest son of the duke of Gueldres with a princess of Bourbon, sister to the countess of Charolois, was celebrated in the city of Bruges. They were both equally related to the duke of Burgundy: the bridegroom was the son of a daughter of the duke's sister, the duchess of Cleves, who had deceased about two months before, and the bride a daughter of his sister, the duchess of Bourbon. Many lords of the court tilted after the wedding dinner; among whom the lord de Renty tilted with a young esquire of Picardy, called John, only son to David de Fremessent, who met with a sad misfortune; for he was hit by a splinter of a lance so severely on the head that he died. On the same day two other men lost their lives, from the great crowding at this tournament, which must be attributed to their own folly in not taking more care.

About this period, Godfrey, bishop of Alby and cardinal of Arras *, waited on the king of France, whom, some little time before, it was said the king did not love: nevertheless, he now received him most handsomely. It was he who, a short time prior to this, had persuaded the king to abolish the Pragmatic Sanction, which had been established in France by the council of Basil. In return for this, the cardinal had promised the king certain things, which, however, he failed to perform; and it is not known how he pacified the king. He had promised that the pope should send a legate to France to dispose of the benefices when vacant; that the money for fees should not be sent to Rome, nor carried out of the kingdom; but when the pope had gotten possession of the act for the abolition of the Pragmatic Sanction, he never thought more of sending a legate to France. The pope had this act of abolition dragged through the streets of Rome, to please the Romans, and published everywhere that the Pragmatic was done away.

The report was, that the bishop of Alby had the red hat given him, and had been created cardinal for the pains he had taken to procure this abolition of the Pragmatic Sanction, which, in truth, was very detrimental to poor clerks and scholars; for it gave rise to numberless questions and examinations before any benefice could be obtained; and the rich gained benefices, from their being able to support the expenses of the suits, which the poorer clerks lost, whatever nominations they might have obtained.

CHAPTER CXII. A COOLNESS TAKES PLACE BETWEEN THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND HIS SON THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS. THE COUNT MAKES HEAVY COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE LORD DE CROY TO THE DEPUTIES OF THE THREE ESTATES ASSEMBLED BY THE DUKE HIS FATHER.

THE duke of Burgundy now resided at Bruges, and summoned the three estates of his country to assemble there, in his presence, on the 9th day of January. The count de Charolois was at this time in disgrace with his father; and he summoned the estates to meet him at Antwerp, on the 3d of the same month, to lay before them the reasons of his father's anger, that they might employ their means to bring about a reconciliation t. But the duke hearing of this, forbade any of the members of the estates to go near his son: however,

Jean Joffrédy; not bishop of Alby and cardinal of Arras, but cardinal of Arras and bishop of Alby. He was the son of a merchant at Luxeuil in Franche Comté. His ecclesiastical anibition displayed itself very early in life, and pushed him on to the episcopal dignity through the patronage of the duke of Burgundy. He then found means to persuade his sovereign, that it was for his dignity to have one of his own subjects promoted to a cardinal's hat, and appointed papal legate in his dominions. Solicitations were accordingly made at Rome both by the duke, and by Louis, (then dauphin,) to have this high honour conferred upon Joffrédy; and when Louis succeeded to

the crown, Joffrédy was given to understand that thero would be no difficulty in his attaining the dignity, provided he would use his best endeavours with the king for the abolition of the Pragmatic Sanction. Joffrédy readily undertook the pious office enjoined him, and was rewarded with the red hat very shortly after. DUCLOS.

Ever since the war with the people of Ghent in 1452, the count de Charolois had seldom resided at the court of his father, and was chiefly at the castle of Gorcum, which he had fortified so as to render it almost impregnable, and ornamented for his residence at a great expense and with royal magnificence.-See Heuterus.

some were already gone to him; but others, who were on their road to Antwerp, did not go thither.

On the 9th day of January there was a grand assembly of the estates at Bruges, consisting of three bishops, sixty abbots, a great number of nobles, and deputies from all the principal towns. When they appeared before the duke, he returned them his thanks for their diligence and obedience, by the mouth of the bishop of Tournay; adding, that he had received such intelligence concerning his son, that he was too much troubled to say more to them at that time. The duke, nevertheless, could not help telling them that he was angered against his son because he suffered himself to be governed by persons whom the duke did not approve of, and because he would not obey his will. He then gave a paper to one of his secretaries, ordering him to read it to the assembly, saying that it was what his son had written to him, and it was proper they all should hear it. The paper contained in substance, that the count de Charolois was in the utmost sorrow that his lord and father was angered against him, and entreated that he would no longer be displeased that he had not come when he had sent for him, and would hold him excused for disobeying his orders; for he could not appear before him so long as he was surrounded by those whom he suspected of intending to poison him, and who were daily seeking his death, of which he had received certain knowledge.

The count thought that the anger of his father had its origin in three things: first, because the count did not love the lord de Croy, for reasons which he had before declared to the duke his father, in the presence of the said lord de Croy; and that he had now less cause to love him than before; for through him and his friends he had procured that the king of France should regain the country and towns that had been mortgaged on the Somme, to the great prejudice of himself and his heirs after him; which, besides, ought not to have been done, as the king had not fulfilled various articles of the treaty of Arras. The second reason might, perhaps, be his having retained in his household the archdeacon of Avalon *, after he had left the service of the count d'Estampes, which ought not to have troubled his father if he were acquainted with the cause, which he was ready to tell him whenever he should be pleased to hear it. The third was, as the count imagined, because when the duke's archers had been sent into Holland to seek master Anthony Michel, he had him rescued out of their hands, but without the knowledge of the said count, who, if he knew where the said master Anthony was, would send him a prisoner to the duke.

The three estates having listened to the above, the duke gave them permission to retire home until he should summon them again, which would be very shortly after. The greater part returned home; but several remained in Bruges to attempt the bringing about a reconciliation between the father and the son; and in this number was a very noble clerk, who was exceedingly anxious to succeed in it, the abbot of Citeaux t.

On the re-assembling of the estates at Bruges, the count de Charolois came to Ghent, and was soon after waited on by a deputation from them, with the bishop of Tournay, and other counsellors of the duke. The abbot of Citeaux addressed him as the spokesman of the deputation; and having quoted many texts from the Scriptures to prove the obedience a son owes a father, supplicated him to submit in all humility to his father's will, and to dismiss certain persons from his service, the better to please him. When the abbot had ceased speaking, the bishop of Tournay cast himself on his knees before the count, and eloquently pressed him to comply with the proposals of the abbot,-saying, that he was not come to him as the servant of his father, but as bishop of Tournay, to bring about a reconciliation, if possible, and to prevent the many and grievous evils that might arise from their discord. The count here interrupted him, and said, that if he had not been the servant of the lord his father, he would never have risen to his present rank. Then turning to the deputies, he told them, that in their propositions they had only touched on master Anthony Michel, but now they were changing their ground; and he did not believe that the abbot de Citeaux had been commissioned by them to make him such requests. But the deputies avowed what the abbot had said; declaring he had been so charged by them, and that in obedience

Avalon,-a town in Burgundy, eleven leagues from

Auxerre.

Citeaux, an abbey in the diocese of Châlons-surSaone, near Nuits.

to his pleasure they were thus come to the town of Ghent. The count then pulled off his cap, bowed to them, and said he was very happy they were come, and thanked them, as his most faithful friends, for the pain, trouble, and affection they had thus shown him, which he should never forget, but would loudly acknowledge it in all the countries whence the deputies were come.

In return for the warm affection they had shown him, he would not conceal his mind from them, but truly inform them of all the crimes and artifices that had been committed and practised by the lord de Croy and his adherents. In the first place, he said, that when he was last with the lord his father (the countess of Charolois, his lady, being then very ill), the lord de Croy had said, that if he were not afraid of vexing her, he would make him his prisoner, and place him in such security, that he should be disabled from doing him or any one else mischief.

Item, the lord de Croy had told a worthy gentleman of the name of Pius, that he cared not for him (the count de Charolois), for that he had nine hundred knights and esquires who had sworn to serve him until death.-Item, the lord de Croy had said publicly, on seeing the count return to court, "Here is this great devil coming! so long as he lives we shall not succeed at court."-Item, the lord de Croy had declared, on his (the count's) retreat to Holland, that he was much afraid of him, but that, when he should be inclined to hurt him, he would not be safer in Holland than elsewhere, for that he was like a gaufre between two irons.-Item, the lord de Croy had boasted, that, should a struggle arise between him and the count, he was sure of being assisted by all in Artois, as the whole country was at his command,-adding, "What does my lord de Charolois mean to do? Whence does he expect aid? Does he expect it from the Flemings, or the Brabanters? if he does, he will find himself mistaken,-for they will abandon him as they have before abandoned their lord." "This I do not believe," said the count, "for I consider them as my nor have I the least doubt of the affections of those in Artois and

true and loyal friends; Picardy." Item, that the lord de Croy had sent to the provost of Watten* the horoscope of his nativity, and that the provost, on examination, had given it as his opinion that the person to whom it belonged would be miserably unfortunate, and that the greatest misfortunes would befal him; all of which he had related to the duke his father, to incense him more against him.-Item, he had also desired the provost of Watten to manage so that the duke his father might always hate him, and keep at a distance from his person.-Item, that he had sufficient evidence that the lord de Croy sought his death by sorcery and other wicked means; that he had caused to be made six images,-three in the form of men and three in the form of women,-on which were written the name of the devil called Belial, and the name of him whom they were pointed at, with some other names: these images were to serve three purposes; first, to obtain favour from him to whom the image was addressed; secondly, to cause him to be hated by whomsoever they should please; and thirdly, to keep the person addressed in a languishing state of health so long as they chose that these images had been baptised by a bishop, prior of Morocq † in Burgundy; and that the makers of these images had been two or three servants of the count d'Estampes,-one of whom was his physician, whom the count d'Estampes had sent prisoner to him, as his justification, and to exculpate himself. Then the count concluded by saying to the deputies, "My friends, do not think that I have any distrust of you if I name not all the accomplices of those who have sought my death: I abstain from doing so merely to save their honours, and from the horror you would feel were I to name them. I again thank you for your diligent affection, and beg that you would consult together and advise me how to act; for I am sure you would be displeased should any misfortune happen unto me by my throwing myself into the hands of my enemies. By them I will not be governed, but by good and faithful servants. I entreat, therefore, that you will deliberate maturely on what I have said, for I will not depart hence until I shall have had your answer. May God grant that it may be as satisfactory as I have confidence in you!"

* Watten, a town in Flanders, near St. Omor.

+ Morocq. Q.

CHAPTER CXIII.-THE ANSWER OF THE DEPUTIES OF THE ESTATES OF FLANDERS TO THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.- PEACE RESTORED BETWEEN HIM AND HIS FATHER THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.-THE KING OF FRANCE COMES TO ARRAS AND TOURNAY.

WHEN the count de Charolois had thus spoken to the deputies from the three estates, they retired together into a chamber apart, and there concluded on the answer they should make him. They then returned to his presence, and cast themselves on their knees, but he made them instantly arise; and the abbot de Citeaux spoke for the rest, and said, that they had fully considered all he had stated to them, and were unanimously of opinion to request him most humbly to regain the good graces and favour of his lord and father, by returning instantly to him, to avoid the evils that would ensue upon their discords. With regard to those he thought his enemies, God had hitherto preserved him from their snares, and would still do so, in consequence of the earnest prayers that all his future subjects would offer up to him for the purpose; and that when his father should see him return his joy would be so great that he would sufficiently guard him against them. They entreated that, at this time, he would leave certain of his attendants behind, without formally dismissing them, which they thought would be an effectual method of regaining his father's good opinion; they offered, likewise, to exert their utmost power to obtain this desirable end. The count, in reply, thanked them all, and said, that from love to God, to my lord his father, and themselves, he would comply with their request, and follow their advice,-desiring them, at the same time, to accompany him when he presented himself to his father, and that they would entreat him to restore his servants to his favour. This they willingly promised.

On the Monday following, the count de Charolois, accompanied by a great number of knights, esquires, and these deputies, set out from Ghent for Bruges, and the principal persons of the duke's household, together with the magistracy of the town and burghers, came out to meet him. He dismounted at the palace of the duke, and advanced to the presence-chamber, where, on seeing the duke, he made three genuflexions, and, at the third, said, My most redoubted lord and father, I have been told that you are displeased with me for three things (and then stated these as he had done to the deputies, and made similar excuses): however, if in any of these things I have vexed or angered you, I crave your pardon." The duke answered, "Of all your excuses I know full well the grounds: say no more on the subject; but, since you are come to seek our mercy, be a good son and I will be a good father:" he then took him by the hand, and granted him his full pardon. The deputies now retired, greatly rejoiced at the reconciliation that had taken place; and the duke then dismissed them, with orders to re-assemble on the 8th of the ensuing March. On the day of this reconciliation, the lord de Croy set out very early in the morning from Bruges for Tournay, where king Louis of France then resided.

In this and the following year, corn and all other grain were so cheap in the country of Artois that the oldest persons never remembered them at such low prices.

On the 24th of January, king Louis of France came to the city of Arras*, where he was most honourably received by the clergy and inhabitants. He dismounted at the gate, and walked on foot to the church of Our Lady, where he paid his devotions, and then took up his lodgings at the house of the official, which was a good but small house, and refused to go to the bishop's palace, although large and convenient; but it was the king's custom to prefer small lodgings to greater. There were with the king his brother the duke of Berry †, the count of Eu, the prince of Piedmont, and some few other nobles. He would not permit any of them to lodge in the town, because the inhabitants would not suffer his harbingers to mark any lodgings until all the inns were filled,—and these inns could hold from four to five thousand horse,-which behaviour was displeasing to the king; and he remained in the city from the Monday to Saturday, without entering the town of Arras until he had seen and had examined the privileges of this town of Arras.

*Arras is divided into two parts: the Cité being the

† Charles, duke of Berry, afterwards of Normandy and older, and la Ville the new town. (See Martiniere's of Guienne, the only brother of the king then alive. Dictionary.)