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"Sir Thomas Chaloner, in a letter to fir Julius Cæfar, dated 7 Nov. 1607, mentions fome of the above crcumstances, fays he would (at the firft) have undertaken to maintain the (prince's) houfe to the king's honour for Soool. yearly, provided they might have good payment of year he the money; that in the first difmiffed of unneceffary dependants on the house at least 3 fcore, whereof many had paffports to return to their own country, and he utterly refufed all fuitors who addreffed themselves to him to obtain fome place about the prince, and then he complains of the great increafe, without warrant, as well as with, and of the number of fuitors waiting for places. He fays, that for the want of ready money, the purveyors are forced to take up meate on truft, and then ferve it out fo Imall and ill, at a price fo high, that the king had better borrow money at 20 per cent.

"It seems that king James's fer

vants took much pains in endea-
vouring to leffen his enormous ex-
pence, and formed various projects
for that purpofe. They obtained
an account of the French king's
household expence, which was not
fo great as king James's. The heads
of it were as follows:

Sterling.
7,620
The table and kitchen 35,718 3 6
The ftables
Domestic officers
The office of plate
The treasurer of the
chamber

The gardes du corps
The provoft of the
household

The hounds and fal

cons

9,000

8,180

12,893 5 9 5,400

3,000

20

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3,642 14 O

Total 85,454 46

"In 1622 king James's expence was reduced to

78,995 7 8 but he foon after made additions

to it.

The household expence of king Charles II. from 1
October, 1663, to the laft of September, 1664, was
to which is to be added for the duke of York
The household of king James II. in 1687.

Household coffers

Stables

-

76,118 6 63
14,336 19 14

King William and queen Mary, 1 Oct. 1692, to the

laft of Sept. 1693

King William alone from 1698 to 1699

Queen Anne, 2 years, Oct. 1703-1705

the average

1 year Oct. 1712-1713

King George I.

King George II.

Oct. 1715-1716

1723-1724

1730-1731

1731-1732

1 Jan. to the laft of Dec. 1759

"At the acceffion of his prefent majefty a confiderable reduction was made in the household ex

-

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pences. An increase attended the increase of his family, but they were again reduced in 1782.

A SHORT

A SHORT ACCOUNT of feveral GARDENS near LONDON, with Remarks on fome Particulars wherein they excel, or are deficient, upon a View of them in December 1691; communicated to the Society of Antiquaries by the Rev. Dr. HAMILTON, Vice Prefident, from an original Manufcript in his Poffeffion.

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[From the fame Work.]

AMPTON Court garden is a large plat, environed with an iron palifade round about next the park, laid all in walks, grafs plats and borders. Next to the house, fome flat and broad beds are set with narrow rows of dwarf box, in figures like lacepatterns. In one of the leffer gardens is a large green houfe divided into feveral rooms, and all of them with stoves under them, and fire to keep a continual heat. In thefe there are no orange or lemon trees, or myrtles, or any greens, but fuch tender foreign ones that need continual warmth.

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2. Kensington Gardens are not great nor abounding with fine plants. The orange, lemon, myrtles, and what other trees they had there in fummer, were all removed to Mr. London's and Mr. Wife's greenhouse at Brompton Park, a little mile from them. But the walks and grafs laid very fine, and they were digging up a flat of four or five acres to enlarge their garden.

66 3. The queen dowager's garden, at Hammerfmith, has a good greenhoufe, with a high erected front to the fouth, whence the roof falls backward. The houfe is well ftored with greens of common kinds; but the queen not being for curious plants or flowers, they want of the most curious forts of greens, and in the garden there is little, of value but wall trees; though the gardener there, monfieur Hermon

Van Guine, is a man of great skill and induftry, having raifed great numbers of orange and lemon trees by inoculation, with myrtles, Roman bayes, and other greens of pretty flapes, which he has to dif pofe of.

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4. Bedington garden, at prefent in the hands of the duke of Norfolk, but belonging to the family of Carew, has in it the best orangery in England. The orange and lemon trees there grow in the ground, and have done fo near one hundred years, as the gardener, an aged man, faid he believed, There are a great number of them, the house wherein they are being above two hundred feet long; they are most of them thirteen feet high, and very full of fruit, the gardener not having taken off fo many flowers this laft fummer as ufually others do. He faid, he gathered off them at least ten thousand oranges this last year. The heir of the family being but about five years of age, the trustees take care of the orangery, and this year they built a new house over them. There are fome myrtles growing among them, but they look not well for want of trimming. The reft of the garden is all out of order, the orangery being the gardener's chief care; but it is capable of being made one of the best gardens in England, the foil being very agreeable, and a clear filver ftream running through it.

"5. Chelfea phyfic garden. has great

great variety of plants, both in and out of greenhouses. Their peren nial green hedges and rows of different coloured herbs are very pretty, and fo are their banks fet with fhades of herbs in the Irish ftitch-way, but many plants of the garden were not in fo good order as might be expected, and as would have been anfwerable to other things in it. After I had been there, I heard that Mr. Watts, the keeper of it, was blamed for his neglect, and that he would be removed.

6. My lord Ranelagh's garden being but lately made, the plants are but finall, but the plats, borders, and walks, are curioufly kept, and elegantly defigned, having the advantage of opening into Chelfea college walks. The kitchen garden there lies very fine, with walks and feats, one of which, being large and covered, was then under the hands of a curious painter. The houfe there is very fine within, all the rooms being wainscoted with Norway oak, and all the chimneys adorned with carving, as in the council chamber in Chelsea college.

7. Arlington garden, being now in the hands of my lord of Devonfire, is a fair plat, with good walks, both airy and fhady. There are fix of the greateft earthen pots that are any where elfe, being at leaft two feet over within the edge; but they stand abroad, and have nothing in them but the tree holyoke, an indifferent plant, which grows well enough in the ground. Their greenhoufe is very well, and their greenyard excels; but their greens were not fo bright and clean as farther off in the country, as if they fuffered fomething from the fmutty air of the town.

"8. My lord Fauconbergh's garden, at Sutton court, has feveral

pleafant walks and apartments in it; but the upper garden next the houfe is too irregular, and the bowling green too little to be commended. The greenhouse is very well made, but ill fet. It is divided into three rooms, and very well furnished with good greens; but it is fo placed, that the fun fhines not on the plants in winter, where they moft need its beams, the dwelling. houfe ftanding betwixt the fun and it. The maze or wilderness there is very pretty, being fet all with greens, with a cyprefs arbour in the middle, fupported with a wellwrought timber frame; of late it grows thin at the bottom, by their letting the fir trees grow without their reach unclipped. The enclofure wired-in for white pheafants and partridges is a fine apartment, efpecially in fummer, when the bones of Italian bayes are set out, and the timber walk with vines on the fide is very fine when the blew pots e on the pedestals on the top of it, and fo is the fifh-pond with the greens at the head of it.

66

9. Sir William Temple, being lately gone to live at his houfe in Farneham, his garden and greenhoufe at Weft sheene, where he has lived of late years, are not so well kept as they have been, many of his orange trees, and other greens, being given to fir John Temple, bis brother, at Eaft Sheene, and other gentlemen; but his greens that are remaining (being as good a ftock as moft greenhoufes have) are very freth and thriving, the room they ftand in fuiting well with them and being well contrived, if it be no defect in it that the floor is a foot at least within the ground, as is alfo the floor of the dwelling houfe. He had attempted to have orange trees to grow in the ground (as at Beddington), and for that purpofe

had

had enclosed a fquare of ten feet wide, with a low brick wall, and fheltered them with wood, but they would not do. His orange trees in fummer ftand not in any particular fquare or enclosure, under fome fhelter, as most others do, but are difpofed on pedeftals of Portland ftone, at equal distance, on a board over against a fouth wall, where is his best fruit, and faireft walk.

"10. Sir Henry Capell's garden at Kew has as curious greens, and is as well kept as any about London. His two lentifcus trees (for which he paid forty pounds to Verfprit) are faid to be the best in England, not only of their kind, but of greens. He has four white ftriped hollies, about four feet above their cafes, kept round and regular, which coft him five pounds a tree this last year, and fix lauruftinuses he has, with large round equal heads, which are ery flowery and make a fine ew. His orange trees and other choicer greens ftand out in fummer in two walks about fourteen feet wide, enclofed with a timber frame about feven feet high, and fet with filver firs hedge-wife, which are as high as the frame, and this to fecure them from wind and tempeft, and fometimes from the fcorching fun. His terrace walk, bare in the middle, and grafs on either fide, with a hedge of rue on one fide next a low wall, and a row of dwarf trees on the other, fhews very fine, and fo do from thence his yew hedges with trees of the fame at equal diftance, kept in pretty fhapes with tonfure. His flowers and fruits are of the beft, for the advantage of which two parallel walls, about fourteen feet high, were now raised and almoft finished. If the ground were not a little irregular, it would ex

cel in other points, as well as in furniture.

11. Sir Stephen Fox's garden at Chifwick being but of five years ftanding, is brought to great perfection for the time. It excells for a fair gravel walk betwixt two yew hedges, with rounds and fpires of the fame, all under smooth tonfure. At the far end of this garden are two myrtle hedges that crofs the garden; they are about three feet high, and covered in winter with painted board cafes. other gardens are full of flowers and falleting, and the walls well clad. The greenhouse is well built, well fet, and well furnished.

The

12. Sir Thomas Cooke's garden at Hackney is very large, and not fo fine at prefent, because of his intending to be at three thoufand pounds charge with it this next fummer, as his gardener said. There are two greenhoufes in it, but the greens are not extraordinary, for one of the roofs being made a receptacle for water, overcharged with weight, fell down laft year upon the greens, and made a great deftruction among the trees and pots. In one part of it is a warren, containing about two acres, very full of coneys, though there was but a couple put in a few years fince. There is a pond or a mote round about them, and on the outfide of that a brick wall four feet high, both which I think will not keep them within their compass. There is a large fish-pond lying on the fouth to a brick wall, which is finely clad with philaria. Water brought from far in pipes furnithes his feveral ponds as they want it.

66

13. Sir Jofiah Child's plantations of walnut and other trees at Wanfted are much more worth feeing than his gardens, which are but indifferent. Besides, the great

number

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number of fruit trees he has planted in his enclosures with great regularity, he has vast number of elms, alhes, limes, &c. planted in rows on Epping foreft. Before his outgate, which is above twelve fcore distance from his houfe, are two large fifh-ponds on the foreft, in the way from his houfe, with trees on either fide lying betwixt them; in the middle of either pond is an ifland betwixt twenty and thirty yards over, and in the middle of each a house, the one like the other. They are faid to be well stocked with fish, and fo they had need to be if they coft him five thousand pounds, as it is faid they did; as alfo that his plantations cost twice

as much.

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14. Sir Robert Clayton has great plantations at Marden in Surrey, in a foil not very benign to plants, but with great charge he forces nature to obey him. His gardens are big enough, but ftrangely irregular, his chief walk not being level, but rifing in the middle and falling much more at one end than the other; neither is the wall carried by a line either on the top or fides, but runs like an ordinary park wall, built as the ground goes. He built a good greenhoufe, but fet it fo that the hills in winter keep the fun from it, fo that they place their greens in a houfe on higher ground not built for that purpose. His dwelling houfe ftands very low, furrounded with great hills; and yet they have no water but what is forced from a deep well into a waterhoufe, whence they are furnished by pipes at pleafure.

"15. The archbishop of Can terbury's garden at Lambeth has little in it but walks, the late archbishop not delighting in one, but they are now making them better;

and they have already made a greenhoufe, one of the finest and costlieft about the town. It is of three rooms, the middle having a stove under it; the forefides of the rooms are almoft all glafs, the roof covered with lead, the whole part (to adorn the building) rifing gavelwife higher than the reft; but it is placed fo near Lambeth church, that the fun fhines moft on it in winter after eleven o'clock; a fault owned by the gardener, but not thought on by the contrivers. Most of the greens are oranges and lemons, which have very large ripe fruit on them.

16. Dr. Uvedale of Enfield is a great lover of plants, and having an extraordinary art in managing them, is become mafter of the greatest and choiceft collection of exotic greens that is perhaps any where in this land. His greens take up fix or seven houfes or roomteads. His orange trees and largeft myrtles fill up his biggest houfe, and another house is filled with myrtles of a lefs fize, and thofe more nice and curious plants, that need clofer keeping are in warmer rooms, and fome of them ftoved when he thinks fit. His flowers are choice, his flock numerous, and his culture of them very methodical and curious; but, to fpeak of the garden in the whole, it does not lie fine to pleafe the eye, his delight and care lying more in the ordering particular plants, than in the pleading view and form of his garden.

"17. Dr. Tillotson's garden near Enfield is a pleafureable place for walks, and fome good walls there are too; but the tall afpin trees, and the many ponds in the heart of it, are not fo agreeable. He has two houfes for greens, but had few

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