p. of ze and take refuge in the sanctuary of Amphiaraus, at Oropus. But some golden vessels belonging to the temple having been lost while he was there, the Boeotians compelled him to leave it. He then be. took himself to the court of Antigonus, where he shortly after died of grief. According to another account, he went from Eretria to Antigonus for the purpose of inducing him to interfere to establish the freedom of his native city; but not succeeding, starved himself to death in the 74th year of his age, probably about the year B. C. 277. As a teacher, his intercourse with his disciples was marked by the entire absence of all formality and restraint, though he seems to have been noted for the sternness with which he rebuked all kinds or dissoluteness and intemperance; insomuch, that the fear of incurring his censure seems occa lived with his friend Asclepiades, between whom and himself there existed an intimacy which resembled that of Pylades and Orestes. For the latter part of his life, at any rate, he seems to have lived in considerable affluence. Athenaeus (x. p. 419) and Diogenes Laërtius give a somewhat curious account of the convivial usages established at his entertainments. Menedemus was twice married. He and Asclepiades married daughter and mother. His first wife he divorced when he rose to distinction in the government of Eretria, that he might marry one of rank and wealth, though the management of the household was still left to the former wife, whom Asclepiades married, his first wife being dead. By his wife Oropia, Menedemus had three daughters. He was remarkable in his old age for his bodily strength and vigour. He is reported to have been of a somewhat superstitious turn of mind. Epicrates, in a passage quoted by Athenaeus (ii. p. 59), classes Menedemus with Plato and Speusippus; but it appears, from Diogenes Laertius, that his opinion of Plato and Xenocrates was not very high. Of Stilpo he had a great admiration. 3. A friend and attendant of Lucullus, who was thought to have saved the life of that general during the war against Mithridates, by refusing to admit a Scythian chief named Olthacus into the tentsionally to have acted as a salutary check. He where Lucullus was sleeping. (Plut. Lucull. 16; Appian. Mithr. 79.) [E. H. B.] MENEDE'MUS (Mevédnμos), literary. 1. A Greek philosopher, a native of Eretria, the son of a man named Cleisthenes, who, though of noble birth, belonging to the family of the Theopropidae, was poor, and worked for a livelihood either as a builder or as a tent-maker, both which trades were learnt and practised by Menedemus. According to Diogenes Laërtius, he seized the opportunity afforded by his being sent on some military service to Megara to hear Plato, and abandoned the army to addict himself to philosophy. But it may be questioned whether he was old enough to have heard Plato before the death of the latter; if the duration of his life as given by Diogenes is accurate, it would have been impossible, for at the time of Plato's death he would have been only about four years old. Ritter considers the account to have arisen from a confusion of names. According to the story in Athenaeus (iv. p. 168), he and his friend Asclepiades got their livelihood as millers, working during the night, that they might have leisure for philosophy in the day. Menedemus and his friend Asclepiades afterwards became disciples of Stilpo at Megara. From Megara they went to Elis, and placed themselves under the instruction of some disciples of Phaedo. On his return to Eretria Menedemus established a school of philosophy, which was called the Eretriac. He did not, however, confine himself to philosophical All distinctions between virtues he regarded as pursuits, but took an active part in the political merely nominal. The Good and the True he looked affairs of his native city, and came to be the lead-upon as identical. In dialectics he rejected all ing man in the state, though at first he had been regarded with contempt and dislike. He went on various embassies to Ptolemaeus (probably Ptolemaeus Ceraunus), to Lysimachus, and to Demetrius, and seems to have done his native city good service by procuring for it a remission of part of the tribute paid to Demetrius, and opposing the machinations of his emissaries. At some period of his life he visited Cyprus, and greatly incensed the tyrant Nicocreon by the freedom of his remarks. The story of his having been in Egypt and having something to do with the making of the Septuagint version, which is found in Aristeas, is no doubt erroneous. He was in high favour with Antigonus Gonatas, and induced the Eretrians to address to him a public congratulation after his victory over the Gauls. This led to his being suspected of the treacherous intention of betraying Eretria into the power of Antigonus. According to one account, these suspicions induced him to quit Eretria secretly Of the philosophy of Menedemus little is known, except that it closely resembled that of the Megarian school. [EUCLEIDES.] Its leading feature was the dogma of the oneness of the Good, which he carefully distinguished from the Useful. merely negative propositions, maintaining that 2. A Cynic philosopher, or rather fanatic, a disciple of Colotes of Lampsacus. He used to go about garbed as an Erinnys, proclaiming himself a sort of spy from the infernal regions. (Diog. Laërt. vi. 102.) Suidas (s. v. palos) relates the same of Menippus, probably by mistake. 3. If the text of Aulus Gellius be correct (xiii 5), a distinguished disciple of Aristotle, a native of accompanied by his wife Helen and Nestor (Od. Rhodes, bore the name Menedemus. 4. An Athenian rhetorician, who came to Rome and taught there in the time of L. Crassus the orator. (Cic. de Orat. i. 19.) [C. P. M.] MENÈLA/US (Mevéλaos, Mevéλews, or MevéAas), a son of Atreus, and younger brother of Agamemnon and Anaxibia. He was king of Lace daemon, and married to the beautiful Helen, by whom he was the father of Hermione and Megapenthes (Hom. Пl. vii. 470, x. 37, Od. iv. 11, &c. xi. 469; comp. AGAMEMNON). When his wife Helen had been carried off by Paris, Menelaus and Odysseus set out to Troy to claim her back. Menelaus was hospitably treated by Antenor (Hom. I. iii. 206), but the journey was of no avail, and the Trojan Antimachus even advised his fellow-citizens to kill Menelaus and Odysseus (xi. 139, &c.). In order, therefore, to avenge the rape of Helen, and to punish the offender, Menelaus and his brother resolved to march against Troy with all the forces that Greece could muster (i. 159, ii. 589, iii. 351, &c.). The two brothers, in their travels through Greece to rouse the chiefs to avenge the insult offered to a Greek prince, also visited Odysseus in Ithaca (Hom. Od. xxiv. 115), along with whom Menelaus is said to have consulted the Delphic oracle about the expedition against Troy; and at Delphi he dedicated the necklace of Helen to Athena Pronoea (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1166). Hereupon Menelaus in sixty ships led the inhabitants of Lacedaemon, Pharis, Sparta, Messe, Bryseiae, Amyclae, Helos, Laas, and Oetylus, against Troy (Il. ii. 581, &c.). In Troas he was under the special protection of Hera and Athena, and one of the most gallant heroes (iv. 8, 129, v. 715), who slew many Trojans, such as Scamandrius (v. 50), Pylaemenus (v. 576), Peisander (xiii. 614, &c.), Dolops (xv. 541), Thoas (xvi. 311), Euphorbus (xvii. 45), and Podes (xvii. 575). We shall pass over his minor exploits, and mention only his engagement with Paris. When Menelaus saw his chief enemy stepping forth from the Trojan ranks, he rejoiced like a lion at the sight of a stag, and leaped from his chariot to attack him (Il. iii. 27, &c.); but Paris took to flight, until, encouraged by Hector, he challenged Menelaus to decide the contest for the possession of Helen and the treasures by single combat (iii. 97, &c.). Menelaus accepted the challenge, and his spear penetrated the shield of Paris, but did not wound him. Menelaus thereupon drew his sword, which, however, broke on the shield of his opponent. He then seized him by the helmet, and dragged him to the camp of the Achaeans. But Aphrodite loosened the helmet and wrapped her favourite in a cloud, in which he escaped from his enemy (iii. 325, &c., iv. 12, &c.). At the funeral games of Patroclus, Menelaus fought with Antilochus in the chariot race, but voluntarily gave up the second prize, and was satisfied with the third (xxiii. 293, 401, 516-609). Menelaus also was one of the heroes concealed in the wooden horse (Od. iv. 280; comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 264); and, along with Odysseus, he hastened to the house of Deiphobus, as soon as the town was taken (Od. viii. 518; Virg. Aen. vi. 523). After the destruction of Troy, he advised the assembled Achaeans to return home, which involved him in a dispute with his brother (Od. iii. 141, &c.). He was among the first that sailed away from Troy, iii. 276). When near the coast of Attica, his steersman Phrontis died, and Menelaus was detained some time by his burial. When he reached Maleia, Zeus sent a storm, in which part of his ships were thrown on the coast of Crete, and five others and Menelaus himself landed in Egypt (iii 278; comp. Paus. x. 25. § 2). After this he wandered about for eight years in the eastern parts of the Mediterranean, where he visited Cyprus, Phoenicia, the Ethiopians, the Erembians, and Libya. These Eastern people were not so inhospitable as those in the West who were visited by Odysseus, and on his return home Menelaus brought with him a large number of presents which he had received (Od. iii. 301, 312, iv. 90, 128, 131, 228, 617; comp. Herod. ii. 113, 116). His last stay on his wanderings was in the island of Pharos, near the coast of Egypt, where he remained twenty days (Od. iv. 355), being kept back by the gods. Hunger already began to affect his companions, and his steersman Canobus died (Strab. p. 801). Eidothea, the daughter of Proteus, advised him to seize her father, who would reveal to him the means of returning home. Proteus, when caught, told him that he must first return to Egypt and propitiate the gods with hecatombs. This Menelaus did, and having there erected a monument to his brother, whose death he learned from Proteus, he, next to Odysseus, the last of the heroes, returned home, and arrived at Sparta on the very day on which Orestes was engaged in burying Clytemnestra and Aegisthus (Od. iv. 365; comp. i. 286, iii. 257, 311). Henceforward he lived with Helen at Sparta in peace, comfort, and wealth, and his palace shone in its splendour like the sun or the moon (iv. 45, 72, 80; comp. Paus. iii. 14. § 6). At the time when Telemachus came to him to inquire after his father, Menelaus was just solemnising the marriage of his daughter Hermione with Neoptolemus, and of his son Megapenthes with a daughter of Alector (iv. 1, &c.). According to the Homeric poems Menelaus was a man of an athletic figure; he spoke little, but what he said was always impressive; he was brave and courageous, but milder than Agamemnon, intelligent and hospitable. According to the prophecy of Proteus, Menelaus and Helen were not to die, but the gods were to conduct them to Elysium (iv. 561); but according to a later tradition, he and Helen went to the Taurians, where they were sacrificed by Iphigeneia to Artemis (Ptolem. Heph. 4). Menelaus was worshipped as a hero at Therapne, where also his tomb and that of Helen were shown (Paus. iii. 19. § 9). On the chest of Cypselus he was represented at the moment when, after the taking of Troy, he was on the point of killing Helen. (Paus. v. 18. § 1; comp. Millingen, Inedit. Monum. i. 32). [HELENA.] [L. S.] MENELA'US (Mevéλaos), historical. 1. Father of Amyntas II., king of Macedonia, and grandfather of Philip of Macedon, according to Justin (vii. 4) and Aelian (V. H. xii. 43).* But there is much discrepancy on this point: Dexippus (ap. Syncell. p. 263, a.) calls the father of Amyntas Arrhidaeus ; and Diodorus (xv. 60), Tharraleos. Justin represents him as brother of Alexander the First, king of Macedonia, which is a gross error. (See Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. 225.) • The latter author states that he was of illegi timate birth. estor Attia 2. A son of Amyntas II., king of Macedonia, by his wife Gygaea. (Justin. vii. 4.) According to Justin, he was put to death by his step-brother Philip, after the capture of Olynthus, E. c. 347. hera (Id. viii. 3.) part d Ex med in 3. Of Aegae, an epic poet, who among other works which are not specified, wrote an epic poem, Thebais (n6als), consisting, according to Suidas, of twelve, and according to Eudocia, of thirteen books. As Longinus mentioned Menelaus with praise, he must have lived before A. D. 273, for in that year Longinus died (Waltz, Rhet. Graec. vi. p. 93; Ruhnken, Dissert. de Vit. et Script. Longini, 30, &c. ed. Toupius). The first five books of this epic are referred to by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. vv. Τέμμιξ, Υρμίνη, Αμφιγένεια, Λύκαια, Εὔτρησις), but no fragments of any importance have come down to us. [L. S.] 3. Son of Lagus, and brother of Ptolemy Soter. His name does not occur among the officers or Eg generals of Alexander during the lifetime of that is monarch, though it is incidentally mentioned by Phylarchus (ap. Athen. xii. p. 539, d.) in terms μπι! that would seem to imply that he then already oc- | andcupied a distinguished position. (See also Aelian, spit V. H. ix. 3.) The first occasion on which he apOpears in history is in B. c. 315, when he was ap- MENELA'US (Mevéλaos), a Greek mathemapointed by his brother to the chief command of the tician, a native of Alexandria, the author of a ch forces despatched to Cyprus, where they were treatise in three books, on the Sphere, which is destined to co-operate with the fleet of Seleucus, comprised in the mathematical collection called mr and with Nicocreon, king of Salamis. Diod. xix. μικρὸς ἀστρονόμος, οι μικρὸς ἀστρονομούμενος. hara 62.) By their combined efforts, they soon reduced Menelaus is mentioned by Pappus, Proclus, and Test all the cities of Cyprus to subjection, with the ex- Ptolemaeus, who, in his Magna Syntaxis (p. 170), sception of Cittium; and that also, it would appear, says that he made some astronomical observations must have ultimately submitted. Menelaus now at Rome in the first year of the emperor Trajan remained in the island, which he governed with (A. D. 98). He is probably the same with the almost absolute authority, the petty princes of the Menelaus introduced by Plutarch in his dialogue several cities being deposed, imprisoned, or assassi- De Facie in Orbe Lunae, p. 930. Besides his work nated on the slightest symptom of disaffection. on the Sphere, Menelaus wrote a treatise "On the He still held the chief command in 306, when Quantity and Distinction of Mixed Bodies." Both Demetrius Poliorcetes arrived in Cyprus with a works were translated into Syriac and Arabic. A powerful fleet and army. Unable to contend with Latin translation of the treatise on the Sphere was this formidable antagonist in the open field, Mene- published at Paris in 1644; and it was also publaus drew together all his forces, and shut himself lished by Marinus Mersennus in his Synopsis Maup within the walls of Salamis, which he prepared thematica, Paris, 1644. This edition contained to defend to the utmost. But having risked an many additions and interpolations. A more correct action under the walls of the town, he was defeated edition was published at Oxford by Halley, a rewith much loss; and Demetrius pressed the siege print of which, with a preface by G. Costard, apwith his wonted vigour. Menelaus, however, suc-peared in 1758. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. pp. ceeded in burning his battering engines; and by the most strenuous exertions, made good his defence until the arrival of Ptolemy himself, with a powerful fleet, to the relief of the island. In the great sea-fight that ensued, Menelaus sent a squadron of sixty ships to assist Ptolemy; but though these succeeded in forcing their way out of the harbour of Salamis, they came too late to retrieve the fortune of the day; and the total defeat of the Egyptian fleet having extinguished all his the hopes of succour, he immediately afterwards surrendered the city of Salamis, with all his forces, both military and naval, into the hands of Demetrius. The conqueror, with characteristic magnanimity, sent him back to Egypt, accompanied by his friends, and carrying with him all his private property. (Diod. xix. 62, 79, xx. 21, 47-53; Plut. Demetr. 15-17; Justin. xv. 2; Paus. i. 6, § 6.) From this time we hear no more of Menelaus. There is a coin, attributed to him, which must have been struck during the period of his occupation of Cyprus. (Borrell, Notice de Quelques Médailles des Rois de Chypre, p. 64.) E be 2 4. Onias, son of Simon, who was made highpriest of the Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes, assumed the name of Menelaus. (Joseph. Ant. xii. 5. § 1.) [E. H. B.] MENELA'US (Mevéλaos), literary. 1. Of Anaea in Caria, is called by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. 'Avala) a peripatetic philosopher, and a great historian, but is otherwise unknown. 2. Of Maratho in Phoenicia, a Greek rhetorician, whose assistance C. Sempronius Gracchus was said to have used in composing his speeches. (Cic Brut. 26.) 16, 23.) [C. P. M.] MENELA'US, a pupil of Stephanus, was the sculptor of a marble group in the villa Ludovisi at Rome, which bears the inscription MENEAAOM ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΥ ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ ΕΠΟΙΕΙ. The group, which consists of a male and female figure, the size of life, has been differently explained. It used to be taken to refer to the story of Papirius and his mother. (Aul. Gell. i. 23.) Thiersch maintains that it is impossible not to recognise the Roman matron in the female figure, and in both the expression of maternal and filial love; and he supposes that it represents some scene from the family life of the Caesars, probably Octavia and Marcellus," Tu Marcellus eris, manibus date lilia plenis,” &c. (Epochen, pp. 295, 296.) Winckelmann at first took it for Phaedra and Hippolytus (Geschichte d. Kunst, Vorrede, § 5); but he afterwards explained it as representing the recognition of Orestes by Electra (bk. xi. c. 2. § 29), and this supposition has been generally adopted. Thiersch (l. c.) refers the work to the Augustan age. [Compare STEPHANUS.] [P.S.] MENE'MACHUS (Mevéμaxos), a physician born at one of the cities named Aphrodisias, who belonged to the medical sect of the Methodici, and lived in the second century after Christ. (Galen, Introd. c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 684, De Meth. Med. i. 7, vol. x. p. 53, 54.) He wrote some works which are not now extant, and is probably the physician quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. ii. 1. p. 75), Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos. iii. 1, vol. xii. p. 625), and Oribasius (Coll. Medic, vii. 21, p 318, and in Matthaei's collection, Mosq. | 1808). The Menemachus, nowever, who is quoted by Celsus (De Medic. vi. 9, p. earlier. 129), is not the same person, and must have lived at least a century [W. A. G.] MENE'NIA GENS, was а very ancient and illustrious patrician house at Rome from B.C. 503 to B.C. 376. Its only cognomen is Lanatus. [LANATUS.] Cicero (ad Fam. xiii. 9) mentions a Menenian tribe, and Appian a Menenius who was proscribed by the triumvirs in B.C. 48, and rescued from death by the self-devotion of one of his slaves. (B. C. iv. 44.) [W. B. D.] MENEPHRON, an Arcadian, who is said to have lived in incestuous intercourse with his mother Blias and his daughter Cyllene. (Ov. Met. vli. 386; Hygin. Fab. 253, who calls him Menophrus.) [L. S.] MENES (Mévns), a Thracian, from whom the town of Menebria or Mcsembria was said to have received its name. (Strab. vii. p. 319.) [L. S.] MENES (Mývns). This is the most usual form of the name, which, however, we also find written as Menas, Mcnis, Meinis, Men, Min, and Mein (Μηνάς, Μήνις, Μεῖνις, Μήν, Μῖν, Μεϊν). Menes was the first king of Egypt, according to the traditions of the Egyptians themselves. Herodotus records of him that he built Memphis on a piece of ground which he had rescued from the river by turning it from its former course, and erected therein a magnificent temple to Hephaestus (Pthah). (Comp. Diod. 1. 50; Wess. ad loc.) Diodorus tells us that he introduced into Egypt the worship of the gods and the practice of sacrifices, as well as a more elegant and luxurious style of living. As the author of this latter innovation, his memory was dishonoured many generations afterwards by king Tnephachthus, the father of Bocchoris; and Plutarch mentions a pillar at Thebes in Egypt, on which was inscribed an imprecation against Menes, as the introducer of luxury. There is a legend also, preserved by Diodorus, which relates (in defiance of chronology, unless Mendes is to be substituted for Menas), that he was saved from drowning in the lake of Moeris by a crocodile, in gratitude for which he established the worship of the animal, and built a city near the lake called the City of Crocodiles, erecting there a pyramid to serve as his own tomb. That he was a conqueror, like other founders of kingdoms, we learn from an extract from Manetho preserved by Eusebius. By Marsham and others he has been identified with the Mizraim of Scripture. According to some accounts he was killed by a hippopotamus. (Herod. ii. 4, 99; Diod. 1. 43, 45, 89; Wess ad loc.; Plut. De Is. et Osir. 8; Perizon. Orig. Aegypt. c. 5; Shuckford's Connection, bk. iv.; Bunsen, Aegyptens Stelle in der Weltgeschichte, vol. ii. pp. 38 -45.) [E. E.] MENES (Mévns), a citizen of Pella, son of Dionysius, was one of the officers of Alexander the Great; and after the battle of Issus (B.c. 333) was admitted by the king into the number of his body-guards, in the room of Balacrus, who was promoted to the satrapy of Cilicia. In B.C. 331, after Alexander had occupied Susa, he sent Menes down to the Mediterranean to take the government of Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia, entrusting him at the same time with 3000 talents, a portion of which he was to transmit to Antipater for his war with the Lacedaemonians and the other confederate states of Greece. Apollodorus of Amphipolls was joined with him in this command. (Arr. Anab. ii. 12, iii. 16; Diod. xvii. 64; Curt. v. 1; (Μενέσαιχμος), an Athe nian, an inveterate enemy of the orator Lycurgus, by whom he was impeached on a charge of impiety and convicted. When Lycurgus felt his end; drawing near, he had himself brought into the council to give an account of his public conduct, and Menesaechmus was the only man who ventured to find fault with it. He continued his hostility to the sons of Lycurgus after their father's death, and so far succeeded in a prosecution against them, that they were delivered into the custody of the Eleven. They were released, however, on the remonstrance of Demosthenes. (Pseudo-Plut. Vit. X. Orat. Lycurg.; Phot. Bibl. Cod. 268; Suid. S. vv. Λυκούργος, προηρεσίαι; Harpocr. 8. DV. 'Apkúwpos, Aŋλiaotai.) [E. E.] MENESAECHMUS. [MNESAECHMUS.] MENESTHES, an architect, whose pseudodipteral temple of Apollo is mentioned by Vitruvius (ili. 2. § 6. ed. Schneid.). [P. S.] MENESTHEUS (Μενεσθεύς), & son of Peteus, an Athenian king, who led the Athenians against Troy, and surpassed all other mortals in arranging the war-steeds and men for battle (Hom. N. i. 552, &c., iv. 327; Philostr. Her. i. 16; Paus. ii. 25. 6). With the assistance of the Tyndarids, he is said to have driven Theseus from his kingdom, and to have died at Troy (Plut. Thes. 32, 35; Paus. i. 17. § 6). A second personage of this name occurs in Virgil. (Aen. x. 129.) [L. S.] MENESTHEUS (Meveobeús), son of Iphicrates, the famous Athenian general, by the daughter of Cotys, king of Thrace. Hence he said that he owed more to his mother than to his father; for that the latter, as far as in him lay, had made him a Thracian; the former had made him an Athenian. (Nep. Iph. 8; comp. Vol. II. p. 617, a.) He was born probably about B.O. 377 (see Rehdantz, Vit. Iphic. Chabr. Timoth. 1. § 4); and, as he grew up, his great height and size caused him to be thought older than he really was, so that he was called on, while yet a boy, to undertake AeLroupyíat, a demand which Iphicrates resisted. (Arist. Rhet. i 28. § 17.) He married the daughter of Timotheus; and in B.C. 356 was chosen commander in the Social war, his father and his fatherin-law, according to C. Nepos, being appointed to aid him with their counsel and experience. They were all three impeached by their colleague, CHARES, for alleged misconduct and treachery in the campaign; but Iphicrates and Menestheus were acquitted in B.O. 355. (Nep. Tim. 8; Dion Hal. Dem. p. 667; Rehdantz, Vit. Iphic. &c., vi § 7, vii. §§ 5, 7; comp. Diod. xvi. 21; Wess. ad loc. ; Isocr. περὶ ἀντιδ. $ 187.) Menestheus was distinguished for his military skill; and we find him again appointed commander of a squadron of 100 galleys, sent out, in B.O. 335, to check the Macedonians, who had intercepted some Athenian ships on their voyage down from the Euxine. We do not know the exact period of his death, but it took place before B.C. 325. (Plut. Phoc. 7: Pseudo-Dem., περὶ τῶν πρὸς 'Αλεξ. συνθ. Ρ. 217, Epist. iii. p. 1482; Rehdantz, Vit. Iphic. &c., vil § 8.) [IPHICRATES.] [E. E.] MENESTHEUS, a sculptor whose name has been preserved by a fragment of a statue, bear ing MENECOEYC MENECOEWC A POAICIEYC EПOIEI. (Gruter, p. 1021, 2.) [P.S.] MENE'STHIUS (Mevéσios). 1. A son of Areithous and Philomedusa, of Arne in Boeotia, was slain at Troy by Paris. (Hom. Il. vii. 9, &c., 136, &c.) 2. A son of the river-god Spercheius or of Borus and Polydora, was one of the commanders of the hosts of Achilles. (Hom. I. xvi. 173, &c.) [L. S.] MENESTRATUS (MevéσTpaTos), an Athenian, of the demus of Amphitrope, in the tribe Antiochis, who, being in danger from an accusation brought against him by the informer Agoratus, under the tyranny of the Thirty, saved his own life by giving false information against a number of his fellow-citizens. After the restoration of the democracy he was brought to trial for this, and condemned to be beaten to death,—åñeтνμπavíσon. (Lys. c. Agor. pp. 134, 135.) [E. E.] MENE/STRATUS or MENESTAS (MevéOTPATOS, MEVéσTas), of Epeirus, was one of the chief instigators of the Aetolians to their war, in conjunction with Antiochus, against Rome, which commenced in B. C. 192. In the following year, when the Aetolians sued for peace, M. Acilius Glabrio, the consul, demanded that Menestratus should be delivered up, but the demand was not complied with. (Polyb. xx. 10, xxii. 14; Liv. xxxvi. 28, xxxviii. 10.) [E. E.] MENE STRATUS (MevéσTpaTos), artists. 1. A worthless painter, ridiculed in an epigram by Lucillius, who says that his Phaethon was only fit for the fire, and his Deucalion for the water. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 337. No. 93; Anth. Pal. xi. 213; comp. Martial, v. 53.) Nothing more is known of him, except what the epigram itself shows; namely, that he was a contemporary of Lucillius, and lived, therefore, in the time of Nero. 2. A sculptor, of uncertain time and country, whose Hercules and Hecate were greatly admired. The latter statue stood in the Opisthodomus (post aedem) of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and was made, says Pliny, of marble of such brilliancy that it was necessary to warn the beholders to shade their eyes. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. § 10.) From this passage of Pliny, Sillig conjec tures that the artist lived about the time of Alexander the Great. Tatian mentions him as the maker of a statue of a poetess named Learchis. (Adv. Graec. 52, p. 113, Worth.) [P.S.] MENEXENUS (Mevétevos), an Athenian, son of Demophon, was a disciple of Socrates, and is introduced by Plato as one of the interlocutors in the dialogues Lysis and Menexenus. [C. P. M.] ME'NIDAS (Mevidas), one of the generals of Alexander the Great, whose name occurs on several occasions. (Arrian, iii. 13. § 4, 26. § 5; Curt. iv. 12, 15, 16, vii. 6, 10.) [C. P. M.] sephone and Hades metamorphosed them inte comets. The Aonians erected to them a sanctuary near Orchomenos, where a propitiatory sacrifice was offered to them every year by youths and maidens. The Aeolians called these maidens Coronides. (Ov. Met. xiii. 685; Anton. Lib. 25; Schol. ad Hom. Il. xviii. 486.) 2. A daughter of Peneius, and wife of Pelasgus, by whom she became the mother of Phrastor (Dionys. i. 28). 3. A daughter of Thamyris, and according t some the mother of Orpheus (Tzetz. Chil. i. 12). 4. A daughter of Nereus and Doris. (Hes. Theog. 260.) [L. S.] MENIPPUS (MéVITTOS), a son of Megareus, who was believed to be buried in the prytaneum at Megara. (Paus. i. 43. § 2.) [L. S.] MENIPPUS (MéviπTOS), historical. 1. One of those who, with Philistides, succeeded, against the opposition of Euphraeus, and by the aid of Philip of Macedon, in making themselves tyrants of Oreus in Euboea. They were driven out by the Athenians under Phocion, in B. c. 341. (Dem. Phil. iii. p. 126, De Cor. pp. 248, 252, &c.; comp. Aesch. c. Ctes. p. 68; Plut. Demosth. 17; Diod. xvi. 74.) [CALLIAS, Vol. I. p. 568, a; CLEITARCHUS.] 2. An officer of Philip V. of Macedon. In B. C. 208, when Philip was recalled from the war in the South against the Romans and Aetolians by tidings of disturbance and revolt in Macedonia, he left Menippus and Polyphantas in command of 2500 men for the protection of the Achaeans. In the following year Menippus was sent by Philip to aid in the defence of Chalcis in Euboea against Attalus I. of Pergamus and the Romans, by whom an unsuccessful attempt was made upon the town. (Liv. xxvii. 32, xxviii. 5, 6; Polyb. x. 42.) 3. One of the envoys of Antiochus the Great to Rome in B. c. 193, on which occasion, however, the negotiation failed in consequence of the demands of the Romans. (Liv. xxxiv. 57-59; App. Syr. 6.) [HEGESIANAX.] In B. c. 192, Menippus was sent by Antiochus as ambassador to the Aetolians, whom he stimulated to war with Rome by magnifying the power and resources of his master. In the same year Antiochus placed him in command of 3000 men to aid in intercepting all succours sent to Chalcis in Euboea by Eumenes II. of Pergamus and the Achaeans, who contrived, however, to throw aid into the town before the passage thither by sea and land had been barred by the Syrian forces. But, after Menippus had occupied the road to Antis, 500 Roman soldiers, also destined for the relief of Chalcis, arrived, and found themselves obliged to turn aside to Delium. Here, in spite of the sanctity of the place, they were suddenly attacked by Menippus, and were all slain except about fifty, whom he captured. (Liv. xxxv. 32, 33, 50, 51; comp. Diod. Exc. de Virt. et Vit. p. 574; App. Syr. 15.) [E. E.] ΜΕΝΙΡΡΕ (Μενίππη). 1. A daughter of Orion and sister of Metioche. After Orion was killed by Artemis, Menippe and Metioche were brought up by their mother, and Athena taught them the art of weaving, and Aphrodite gave MENIPPUS (MévITTOS), literary. 1. A them beauty. Once the whole of Aonia was comic poet, according to Suidas; but Meineke susvisited by a plague, and the oracle of Apollo Gor-pects, on very good grounds, that the name is only tynius, when consulted, ordered the inhabitants to a corruption of Hermippus. (Hist. Crit. Com. propitiate the two Erinnyes by the sacrifice of two Graec. p. 494.) maidens, who were to offer themselves to death of their own accord. Menippe and Metioche offered themselves; they thrice invoked the infernal gods, and killed themselves with their shuttles. Per VOL. IL 2. A cynic philosopher, and originally a slave, was a native of Gadara in Coele-Syria (Steph. Byz. s. v. Tádapa; Strab. xvi. p. 759). Diogenes calls him a Phoenician: Coele-Syria was some |