IV. Principles-Capital Letters.-Rule 5. Notice that capital letters must be used with nouns and adjectives when used as proper names:

I. Titles:

King Log and King Stork. Little Red Riding-hood. President of the United States. The Fair Maid of Perth.

2. Names of the Deity, the Virgin:—

The

NOTE.-Pronouns referring to Deity are usually written with capitals:

Grant us Thy peace upon our homeward way;

With Thee began, with Thee shall end the day.

3. Names of Localities:

The Black Sea.

Flint Cottage. "The Elms," Rottingdean.

South Fifteenth Street. Twenty-third Street West.

4. Sects and parties:

Catholics and Protestants. Republicans and Democrats. Liberals and Conservatives.

5. Historical events and documents:

The French Revolution. The Declaration of Independence. The Fourth of July. The Magna Charta.

Rule 6. Notice that capital letters must be used with days of the week, festivals:

Wednesday.

mas.

Easter.

The month of August. New Year's Day. Christ-
Twelfth Night.

NOTE. There is variable usage with points of the compass and the four

seasons.

Rule 7. The pronoun I and the interjection O are written with capital letters.

O is preferred to oh when used as a mere sign of the vocative:-O Brutus! O the sight!

Oh is preferred for the independent exclamation :-"Oh!" cried the maid, "it is only a page,"

Rule 8. Words may be given special emphasis by writing them with capitals:

His first thought was to publish Article after Article.

EXERCISE. Rewrite these sentences, taking care to use the capital letters needed:-(1) Washington is called the father of his country. (2 (2) Wellington was called the iron duke, and Napoleon the man of destiny. (3) In New York city is central park; in Baltimore druid hill park. (4) The president of the united states lives in the white house. (5) What is meant by the norman conquest, the restoration, the reform bill? (6) Was the French revolution a greater event than the American war of independence? (7) The protestant reformation gave rise to many sects, such as lutherans, calvinists, presbyterians. (8) In australia and new zealand christmas and new year's day come in warm weather. (9) Wordsworth's homes were dove cottage and rydal mount, in the lake country. (10) Rome has been called the eternal city, the city of the seven hills. (11) O piteous spectacle! o noble Cæsar! o woful day! (12) (Write as two verses) heavenly father send thy blessing on thy children gathered here.

V. Composition.-1. Tell the story of King Log and King Stork, introducing any suitable details that came out in the oral composition. First make a plan or out

line, as on p. 3.

2. Tell the story of a Town that longed for Fine Society a Prince, etc., and what came of it.

I. Memorize:-FROM "SONGS OF INNOCENCE."

Piping down the valleys wild,
Piping songs of pleasant glee,

On a cloud I saw a child,
And he, laughing, said to me,

Pipe a song about a lamb,"

So I piped with merry cheer;
"Piper, pipe that song again,"
So I piped, he wept to hear.

"Drop thy pipe, thy happy pipe,
Sing thy songs of happy cheer."
So I sang the same again,

While he wept with joy to hear.

1 REFERENCES FOR READING. Robert Browning, The Pied Piper of Hamelin. For other German legends, see Grimm, Fairy Tales; also Folk-Lore and Legends-Germany.

Piper, sit thee down and write
In a book that all may read."
So he vanish'd from my sight;
And I pluck'd a hollow reed.

And I made a rural pen,

And I stain'd the water clear,
And I wrote my happy songs

Every child may joy to hear.

-William Blake.

II. Theme: THE PIED PIPER OF HAMELIN.

Many, many years ago the little town of Ham'elin, in Brunswick, by the river Weser (vay'zer), was infested with rats. There never was such a plague of rats before. They killed the cats, they gnawed the bacon, they ate the cheese, they bit the babies. They squeaked and scratched and scurried. There was no catching them nor killing them. So the good people of Hamelin town were beside themselves to know what to do.

Now to that town there came the most wonderful piper. He wore the queerest kind of clothes, all patched and variegated; and he was called the Pied Piper. And the Pied Piper proposed to the people of Hamelin to free the town of rats provided they would give him a thousand guilders. And they agreed. The Piper began to play on his magic pipe, and no sooner had he begun than the rats began to gathergray rats, black rats, brown rats, old and young, large and small. They followed the Piper as he went from street to street, until he led them to the river Weser where the rats all plunged in and perished. There was great rejoicing in Hamelin town over their deliver

ance. But when the Pied Piper asked for his thousand guilders, "It's too much," said the Mayor, "for so small a labor. Here are fifty!"

The Piper said no more. But taking out his pipe he played a second tune—a wonderful melody, at which all the children of Hamelin town began to gather, running and skipping and tripping. They followed the Piper from street to street, out into the country, to Koppelberg Hill, and you will hardly believe it-on they went straight through Koppelberg Hill. And neither the Piper nor the children were ever seen again in Hamelin town.

III. Oral Composition.-1. (1) Tell the story of the Pied Piper as briefly as possible. possible. (2) Describe Hamelin -its situation. (3) Describe the plague of rats. (4) Describe the Pied Piper. (5) Tell how the Piper charmed away the rats. (6) Tell how the people behaved to him, and how the Piper felt. (7) Tell how the Piper charmed away the children. (8) Tell how the people felt and what they did afterward.

2. Give equivalent words or phrases for the italicized words in the following: (1) The town was infested with rats. (2) The people were beside themselves to know what to do. (3) His clothes were variegated. (4) There was great rejoicing in Hamelin.

3. Use the following words in sentences of your own: (1) infest. (2) scurry. (3) beside himself. (4) variegated. (5) pied. (6) magic. (7) from street to street.

IV. Principles-Italic Letters.-As all handwriting is in script, a text like italic, the device to correspond