King John: England's Evil King?The History Press, 2011/08/26 - 240 ページ King John long ago acquired the epithet 'Bad', and he is reputed to be the worst of England's kings. Before his death in 1216, his desperate exploitation of his subjects for ever more money had turned him into the mythical monster of Hollywood legend. In marked contrast to his brother Richard, John appeared incompetent in battle, failing to defend Normandy (1202-04), and was unsuccessful in recovering his lost lands in 1214. A continuing crisis was a constant need for money, forcing John to drain England of funds for campaigns in France, demanding unlawful and oppressive new taxes. Adding to his evil reputation was an ill-tempered personality and a streak of pettiness and spitfulness that led him to monstrous acts, including murdering his own nephew. King John's unpopularity culminated in a final crisis, a revolt by the English baronage, 1215-16, aimed at subjecting him to the rule of law, that resulted in his grant of Magna Carta. |
目次
The Angevin Domains on Johns Accession | |
Continuing Financial Problems | |
The Loss of Normandy and Failure | |
The Struggle with the Papacy | |
Increasing Baronial Discontent | |
Magna Carta and Civil | |
John His Contemporaries and Our Contemporaries | |
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多く使われている語句
administrative amercements Angevin empire Angevin kings AngloNorman realm Aquitaine archbishop Arthur of Brittany Augustus’s baronage bishops Braose Brittany brother campaign Canterbury Capetian castles charter chroniclers Church clerics clerks continental counsel count court crown curiales custody custom death debts demands earl early Eleanor Eleanor of Aquitaine England English episcopal elections exchequer father favour feudal force French Geoffrey fitz Gerald of Wales heir Henry II Henry II’s Henry’s historians honour household Hubert III’s income inheritance Innocent interdict Ireland John’s reign justice justiciar King John king’s kingdom knights lands lord lordship Magna Carta marriage medieval mercenaries military monarch Norman Normandy overlord papal Philip Augustus pipe rolls Plantagenet Poitevin Poitou political Pope rebel barons rebellion regis revenues Richard I’s Richard Lionheart Robert fitz Walter scholars scutage seeking seneschal sheriffs shires sons sought Stephen Langton succession tallage tenants thirteenth century traditional vassals Walter Welsh William Marshal