train of courtiers are always in attendance; a system of duennaship, relative to the young queens is maintained, which would do honor to the most jealous court of Europe. The animosity which exists among their rival monarchs is truly human, and whenever a foreign queen intrudes, where the throne is already occupied, she is strictly guarded; and the question of supremacy is left to the queens themselves, which is generally decided by the fall of one of the royal combatants. Deprive a hive of their queen, and the most disastrous consequences ensue; the labors upon the public works are suspended; the laborers collect in little bands in the streets, and the peaceful community is at once transformed into a riotous multitude. Then is the moment for an intruding monarch; she will be welcomed with every demonstration of respect and affection; peace will be restored, and the sweets of the field and the garden will again be laid under contribution.

If turning from the model society of the hive-bee, we contemplate the habits of that rude, but industrious rustic, the humble bee, very much that would seem to be the result of intelligence, cannot fail to attract our attention. Among these little villagers there are no privileged classes; no drones subsisting upon the hard earnings of their neighbors; no court, no queen, nothing of all this, but a plain, honest community of laborers. The result of their summer days of toil, you and I, (to our shame be it said,) have destroyed, as in the thoughtlessness of boyhood, we followed the track of the reapers in the harvest field. Did you ever see them working at their cottages? Arranging themselves in a line, the bee most distant from the site of the habitation, having selected a tuft of moss, divides it with its teeth, and with its first two legs, transfers it to the second pair, and then again to the

H

third, by which the ball has approximated the place, by about the length of one bee; another laborer stands ready to take it, and passes it, in like manner along its regiment of legs; another seizes it, and so on, until it reaches its destination! What political economist ever recommended a wiser course, in the division of labor? Their affection for their young is almost without a limit. At a certain period in their growth, the bees brood over the cocoons like so many hens, in this manner communicating that warmth which is necessary to the existence of the delicate inmates.

Huber placed ten of these silken cradles in such a position that they had no foundation, upon which to rest firmly. The bees were in trouble; the cocoons were so unsteady that they could not cluster upon them. After several attempts to remedy the evil, as a dernier resort, several of them mounted upon the comb, and fixing their hindermost feet upon its edge, and the foremost upon the table, succeeded in holding the mass firmly, while their comrades clustered upon the cocoons. For three days, did these living props relieve each other, at the end of which time, a sufficient quantity of wax was prepared to build pillars for this purpose. Was this act an instinctive or an intelligent one? If the former, what is the difference between them? For it is highly improbable that this community were ever placed under such circumstances before, or indeed ten of their species, since the first bee

"Wound her small, but mellow horn."

These honest rustics are frequently waylaid by their genteel cousins from the hive, and by pulling and mauling are compelled to surrender their fragrant burdens for the use of these accomplished highwaymen; sometimes the hive-bee, taking advantage of the simplicity of the villager, actually

wheedles him out of his treasure solely by caresses, without the least demonstration of hostility.

Numerous other illustrations of intelligence as exhibited by these interesting creatures, might be adduced, but they come within the observation of every individual who is not immured in a dungeon, and even there, the cunning spider in the corner, might interest him, many an hour, while it would afford conclusive evidence, that even insects possess something so very like intelligence, that philosophers themselves are unable to detect the difference.

Having glanced at these civilized insects, the mind natu. rally turns to their distant relatives, the Ishmaelitish horde of wasps, with which every idea of carnage and rapine is generally associated. Carrying on an indiscriminate warfare, they are the terror of bee and fly; you may have seen a wasp, prowling for hours about the door of a bee-hive, in wait for some returning laborer, which he remorselessly falls. upon and plunders of its treasure.

Here is the nest of the Vespa Nidulans, a foreign species:

These old paper-makers are skilled in architecture: who has not seen their gray nests hanging from the limbs of trees or attached to the posts of fences? During the period of building, they alternately sing, as if to cheer one another in their tasks. Many surprising indications of intelligence are on record, to which doubtless you can have access.

But the ant, the theme of song, the noble exemplication of everything industrious and affectionate; and that rears a pyramid in true Egyptian style, surpassing in comparative magnitude that of Cheops or Cephrenes, must not be omitted.

Taking the length of a laboring ant at one quarter of an inch, and the height of a laboring man at six feet, you perceive that a wall of one inch reared by the former, is equivalent to twenty-four feet erected by the latter, and two hundred and eighty-eight feet in the one, correspond to one foot in the other.

Here is a representation of the dwelling of the Termites or white ants; the artist has delineated a human figure to exhibit the comparative height:

Then bear in mind that the ant hills are frequently

ten feet in height, as upon the plains of Senegal, and man must heap four pyramids, like Ossa upon Pelion, or these, the wonders of the world, would suffer in comparison with those, the ordinary dwellings of his brother insect.

Whoever wishes to behold nations contending for a few feet of paltry dust; the brilliant hosts clad in polished armor of jet black, with shields like silver gleaming in the sunlight; to see the ground strewn with the dead and dying; to see prisoners captured and treaties made; to behold military evolutions, of which Bonaparte or Steuben never dreamed; let him be by, when the inhabitants of two neighboring hills engage in mortal combat. If you wish to behold affection which finds but few parallels among men; an affection which jealousy never abates, which time never enfeebles, which even death itself, never chills, you must look for it among these tenants of the hills; you may see them skipping and dancing for very joy, at the presence of a beloved object; you may see it strong in death, when a little band linger about the par. ticle of cherished dust, caressing and brushing it, as if they would reanimate the tiny form. Would you see memory among them, make an inroad upon their territory and bear off a portion of their citizens; retain them for four months, as has actually been done; then place your little colony in the vicinity of their native home, and their early friends will soon visit them, display every sign of recognition and affection, and bear them off in triumph to the hill; presently they will return, with a host of friends and relatives, and your hive will be wholly depopulated. Then there are tribes of slavers among the ants; regular land-pirates, who, indolent themselves, are continually making assaults upon their ash-colored neighbors, the negroes, and actually bearing them off into unwilling servitude, to do the drudgery of the nest.