A Manual of Steam-boilers: Their Design, Construction, and Operation

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J. Wiley & Sons, 1888 - 671 ページ
 

目次

Classification of Boilers
19
Modern Standard Forms
20
Common Shell Stationary Boilers
21
The Locomotive Boiler
26
Marine Boilers older Forms
29
Marine Watertube Boilers
30
The Scotch Boiler
32
Sectional Boilers
35
Effect of Temperature
36
Marine sectional Boilers
38
Periods of Introduction
39
Results of Tests
42
Problems in Design and Construction
43
CHAPTER II
45
Sizes Forms and Strength of Rivets
48
Cast and Malleableized Iron Brass and Copper
54
Tenacity Elasticity Ductility Resilience
56
Deterioration of Boilers
60
Lignites
66
Composition of Ash
85
Pulverized Fuel
164
CHAPTER IV
207
Thermometry Calorimetry
214
Transfer of Heat in the Steam Boiler
220
Effect of Incrustation and Deposits
228
Heatenergy as related to Temperature
235
SEC PAGE 107 First Law of Thermodynamics
239
Second Law of Thermodynamics
240
Molecular Constitution of Bodies
241
Heat and Matter Specific Heats
242
Sensible and Latent Heats
243
Latent Heats of Fusion and Vaporization
244
Application of First Law Equations
245
Application of Second Law
247
Computation of Internal and External Forces and Work
248
CHAPTER VI
252
Properties of Water Water as a Solvent
253
Composition and Chemistry of Water
254
Sources and Purity of fresh Water
255
Sea Water Deposits and Remedies
256
Technical Uses of Water Filtration
260
Wateranalysis
261
Purification of Water
262
Physical Characteristics of Water
263
Changes of Physical State
265
The Spheroidal State Superheated Water
268
Vaporization Superheating Steam
269
Thermal and Thermodynamic Relations
270
Internal Pressures and Work Total and Latent Heats
271
Specific Volumes of Steam and Water
272
Relations of Temperatures Pressures and Volumes
273
Specific Heats of Water and Steam
275
Computation of Latent and Total Heats
276
Factors of Evaporation
278
Regnaults Researches and Methods
280
Regnaults Tables
281
Stored Energy in Steam Tables
285
Curves of Energy
289
Power of Steam of Boilers
291
Selection of Type and Location 300
300
Choice of Fuel Method of Combustion 149 Conditions of Efficiency Pressure chosen
303
Principles of Design
304
Controlling Ideas in Construction
307
Factors of Safety Efficiency and Cost
311
Watertubes and Firetubes
312
Shell and Sectional Boilers
314
Special conditions affecting Design
317
SEC PAGE 249 Efficiency and Economy of Fuel 487
322
Furnace and Grate
329
Relative areas of Chimney Flues and Grate
334
Common Proportions and Work of Boiler 335
335
Usual rates of Evaporation 163 Quality of Steam and Efficiency
338
Boiler Power Number and Size
340
Standard Sizes of Tubes Spacing
341
Locomotive Boilers
371
Setting Steam Boilers Suspension 376
376
Covering
380
SEC PAGE 180 Disposition of Flues
381
Steam and Water pipes
383
Safety Valves
385
Feed Apparatus Heaters
392
Steam Gauges Fusible Plugs and minor accessories
393
CHAPTER X
400
Apparatus and Machinery
401
Shearing Planing Fitting
402
Forming bent parts
403
Riveting and Riveting Machines Welding
404
Setting Tubes and Flues Staying
413
Chipping and Calking
417
Assembling
420
Testing Steam Boilers
422
Sectional Boilers
423
Transportation and Delivery
424
CHAPTER XI
425
The Contract
426
Form of Specifications generally
427
Specification of Quality and Tests of Metal
436
Duties of the Inspector
438
CHAPTER XII
440
Starting Fires and getting up Steam
441
Managing Fires
442
Use of various kinds of Fuel
444
Solid Fuels
445
Control of Steam Pressures
449
Method of Corrosion
455
Leakage Contact with Setting
461
General Instructions
469
Efficiency of a Given Plant
483
Relative Values of Boilers
489
Relation of Area of Heating Surface to Economy
490
Standard Testtrials
492
Instructions and Rules for Standard Method
493
Precautions Blanks and Record
502
Results of Testtrials
504
Quality of Steam
517
Form of Barrel Calorimeter and use
519
Theory of Calorimeters
521
Records Errors
523
The Coil Calorimeter
524
The Continuous Calorimeter
527
Analysis of Gases Form of Apparatus
531
Efficiency as indicated by Gasanalysis
535
CHAPTER XV
538
Energy stored in Boilers
541
Energy of Steam alone
548
Explosions defined and described Fulminating Explosions Col lapsed Flues Bursting
549
Probable Possible and unusual improba ble and absurd
551
Statistics of Explosions and Causes
553
Theories and Methods of Explosion
558
Colburns Theory of Explosions
559
Lawsons and other Experiments
561
Energy stored in heated metal
567
Strength of heated metal
568
Sediment and Incrustation
574
Energy stored in superheated water Experiments of Donny and Dufour Deaeration of water
578
The Spheroidal State Leidenfrosts and Boutignys Experiments
583
Steady rise of Pressure
589
Relative Security of Boilers
592
Defects of Design
593
Defective Construction
596
Developed Weakness Corrosion
601
SEC PAGE
604
Management of Boilers
612
Experimental Explosions and Investigations
633
Conclusions
642
Form and Location of Bridge wall 381
659
Horsepower of Boilers 292
665
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212 ページ - calorie," as it was called by the French philosophers who first adopted the metric system, is that quantity of heat which is required to raise the temperature of one kilogramme of water one degree centigrade, — the
501 ページ - ECONOMIC EVAPORATION. 31. Water actually evaporated per pound of dry coal, from actual pressure and temperature f Ibs. 32. Equivalent water evaporated per pound of dry coal from and at 212° Ff Ibs.
229 ページ - Heat is a very brisk agitation of the insensible parts of the object, which produces in us that sensation from whence we denominate the object hot ; so what in our sensation is heat, in the object is nothing but motion.
542 ページ - The energy of gunpowder is somewhat variable, but it has been seen that a cubic foot of heated water, under a pressure of 60 or 70 pounds per square inch, has about the same energy as one pound of gunpowder. The gunpowder exploded has energy sufficient to raise its own weight to a height of nearly 50 miles ; while the water has enough to raise that weight about one-sixtieth that height.
498 ページ - In tests for purposes of scientific research, in which the determination of all the variables entering into the test is desired, certain observations should be made which are in general unnecessary for ordinary tests.
239 ページ - That the quantity of heat produced by the friction of bodies, whether solid or liquid, is always proportional to the quantity of force expended.

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