"It was not lawful to worship imagery," Hamilton replied, "I say no farther but as God speaks in the twentieth chapter of Exodus, 'Thou shalt not make to thyself any graven image. Thou shalt not bow down to them nor worship them."" Campbell's reply was, "Knowest thou not that the book of imagery is the book of laud and praise, to put the common people in remembrance of his holy saints that wrought for their salvation." Hamilton-"If it were true preaching it should put the common people in remembrance of Christ." Campbell-" Heretic, thou sayest it is but lost labour to pray to saints, and especially to the blessed Virgin Mary, John, James, Peter, and Paul, to be the mediators unto Christ for

us." Hamilton-"I say with Paul,

that there is no mediator between God and us but Christ Jesus his Son; and whosoever he be that incalls any saint, he derogates so much of the honour owed to Christ Jesus." Campbell"Heretic, thou sayest that it is in vain to sing soul-mass and diriges for them that are dead, which are kept in the pains of purgatory." Hamilton-"Brother, I read never in the Scriptures of such a place as purgatory, nor yet believe that there is any thing that can save the soul of man, save only the blood of Christ; which ransom stands not in earthly things, neither mass, matins, nor diriges, but by repentance of our sins, and faith in Jesus Christ." Prior Campbell then said, "My lords, ye hear he denies the institution of the holy Church, and the authority of her holy father, the pope, so that we need not to accuse him any farther."

Their sentence had been resolved upon before the trial, for fagots and a scaffold had already been prepared, that there might be no time for the interference of any powerful nobles; and yet in order to give their sentence some appearance of being sanctioned by the lay nobility, these prelates induced the Earl of Cassilis to affix his seal to it, he being then a boy of but thirteen years of age, and probably brought there by some prelate or abbot having the charge of his education. At the place of execution,

to which he was straightway led, the priests became his tempters, offering him life if he would recant. But he firmly replied, in the hearing of the assembled multitude, "As for my confession, I will not deny it for fear of your fire; for my confession and belief is in Jesus Christ, and therefore I will not deny it. I will rather that my body be burnt in this fire, for confession of my faith in Christ, than that my soul should suffer in the unquenchable fire of hell, for denying of my faith. But as for the sentence and judgment pronounced against me this day, by the bishops and doctors, I here, in the presence of you all, appeal against the said sentence and judgment given against me, and betake myself to the mercy of God." The flames had been already kindled, and the fire burnt slowly; and the last words distinctly heard from him were, "How long, O Lord, shall darkness cover this realm? How long wilt thou suffer this tyranny of men? Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!"*

The Scripture says, that "Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints;" and the Lord did indeed give very remarkable evidence that he regarded the death of Patrick Hamilton, inasmuch as his vengeance was quickly manifested against the young man's treacherous accuser; whilst his acceptance of his dying servant's prayer was also manifested by making his death the cause of the removal of that darkness against which he had prayed, from the eyes of some who had seemed likely to dwell in darkness for ever. To Campbell, who was still reviling him as a heretic, whilst the fire was consuming his poor body, Hamilton had said, "Wicked man, I summon thee to answer before the tribunal seat of Jesus Christ, for your wrongous accusation, contrary to your conscience." And

*Anderson's Annals, Vol. ii. p. 420. Those parts of the above dialogue not given in Anderson, are contained in the

Chronicles of Scotland," by Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, published from several old MSS. in 1814. The English reader, doubtless, knows the account given in "Foxe's Book of Martyrs," Book viii.

the old Scotch chronicler, Lindsay of Pitscottie, says that more fuel being cast into the fire, "thair cam sick ane thud of easterne wind out of the sea, and raised the flame of fire so vehementlie, that it flew upon the prior who accused him, and dang (cast) him to the earth, and brunt the foir part of his coull, and pat him in sick afray that he cam nevir in his right spirits againe, bot wandrit about the space of fourtie dayes, and than depairted." That Hamilton had so spoken to him, and that Campbell shortly afterwards died insane, is confirmed by Buchanan, (Rer. Scot. Hist. Lib. xiv.) and Foxe's account is nearly the same, (Acts and Mon. vol. iv. p. 563, Cattley's edition.)

On the other hand, Mr. Anderson has taken pleasure in tracing such evidences as remain, of the Lord's hearing and answering Hamilton's prayer for the removal of that darkness which reigned in the hearts of those around him. As the Dominican friars from the earliest institution of their order, had always been especially prominent in their hostility to every teacher and doctrine tending to open men's eyes to the abominations of Popery, one of Prior Campbell's monks, Alexander Seton by name, had been appointed to preach in the cathedral on the Sundays of Lent, the first of which was the very day after Patrick Hamilton's being martyred. He stood up, therefore, in that same cathedral in which Hamilton's blind and unrighteous judges had heard and condemned the truths the martyr had spoken but twentyfour hours before; and what did the preacher of their own choice now tell them? His subject was the law of God, and he insisted "That the law of God is the only rule of righteousness; that if God's law be not violated, no sin is committed; that it is not in man's power to satisfy for sin; that the forgiveness of sin is no otherwise obtained than by unfeigned repentance and true faith, apprehending the mercy of God in Christ Jesus -of purgatory, pilgrimage, prayer to saints, of merits and miracles, the usual subjects of the friar's sermons, not a word he spake." Such is the account of his sermon given by

Spottiswood, an archbishop of St. Andrew's in later days. (Hist. of Church of Scotland, 4th edit. p. 64.)

It is easier to imagine than to describe the astonishment and indignation of Archbishop Beaton, and of those who were joined with him in the guilt of the recent murder. But Seton was the king's own confessor, and was respected by their sovereign. To burn his confessor and friend, immediately after having put one of his near kinsmen to that cruel death without waiting for his consent, was more than they dared to do. But when Seton waxed strong in faith, and dared, before the close of that Lent, to dwell on the qualifications which must characterise a good and faithful bishop, Beaton summoned him into his presence, and would have terrified him into a confession that he had spoken amiss, but was still withheld from using any violence towards him. In the course of the next three months, however, the archbishop had managed to make himself useful to the king, in a struggle between him and his nobles, and then Seton was obliged to flee across the English border. From Berwick he wrote to the king, beseeching him "not to be led away more by the informations of the prelates, but to use the authority committed to him by God, and not to suffer those tyrants to proceed against him, [Seton] till brought to his answer, which he would not refuse to give, if once assured of the safety of his life."* He received no answer; and not daring to return into Scotland without the king's protection, he found a patron in Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, grandfather to Lady Jane Grey, who made him his chaplain, and procured for him letters of naturalization, whereby he was entitled to all the privileges of native Englishmen. Those valued privileges did not, however, prevent his being summoned, thirteen years later, under the infamous act concerning the Six Articles, to suffer its penalties for a sermon preached in the church of St. Antholine, in London, in which

*The letter may be seen in the Appendix to Keith's History.

he was charged with having said, "There is nothing in heaven or earth, creature or other, that can be any mean towards our justification, nor yet can nor may any man satisfy God the Father for our sin, save only Christ and the shedding of his

blood. He that preacheth that works do merit, or be any mean to our salvation, or any part of our justification, preacheth a doctrine of the devil." (Foxe's Acts and Mon, under date of 1541. Vol. v. p. 449. Edition of 1838.) (To be continued.)

MADEIRA, OR THE SPIRIT OF ANTI-CHRIST IN 1846, as exhibited in a series of outrages perpetrated in August last, on British Subjects and Portuguese Protestant Christians. By J. RODDAM TATE, Royal Navy. London: Nisbet and Co. Pp. 103. MR. TATE was an eye-witness of the scenes which he describes so vividly, and therefore his narrative is entitled to peculiar attention. If our readers desire to learn minutely the particulars of the atrocious persecution to which Dr. Kalley and his friends, with the poor converts from Rome in Madeira, have been subjected, we recommend them to procure Mr. Tate's interesting little work.

A LETTER FROM ROME, shewing an exact conformity between Popery and Paganism. By CONYERS MIDDLETON, D.D. Reprinted from the edition of 1729. London: Grant and Griffith. Pp. 66.

DR. MIDDLETON, we believe, enjoyed, during his life, a somewhat dubious reputation; and we could wish to have the Romish controversy managed by other hands. This little work, however, is useful as demonstrating some curious coincidences in the religious rites of Rome Pagan and Rome Papal, and thus exhibiting the origin of many Romish superstitions.

HINTS TO A CLERGYMAN'S WIFE, or Female Parochial Duties practically illustrated. 2nd Edition. London: Grant and Griffith. Pp. 182.

THIS is a truly valuable book.

The suggestions, which the writer offers, seem generally the result of experience, and may, therefore, prefer a peculiar claim to the attention of the ladies for whose use they are intended. There are many excellent hints to aid the wives of the clergy in their important duties-duties, alas, so often neglected! The great day alone will fully declare how many faithful ministers of God have been grievously kept back in running their Christian race, by the apathy and worldliness of their wives. How often are the ministrations of the pulpit rendered nearly futile by the worldliness and frivolity, or total indifference to her husband's labours, which the clergyman's wife exhibits to the parish. Thank God there is a great improvement of late years in this respect. But much remains to be done before the wives of the clergy generally are roused to a sense of the responsibilities of their position. Therefore, we gladly welcome this work and others of a similar character, and heartily wish them God speed.

THE dangers which beset the Church of England, and to which we have recently alluded, are to be met with in nearly all parts of the globe. The British power is everywhere to be seen, and felt, and heard of; and, as hitherto the citadel of Protestantism, it is closely followed, and watched, and undermined by the agents of the Papacy.

But one of the most obvious and most fatal of these dangers arises, from the increasing resort of the higher classes of England to those spots where Rome exerts the greatest influence. It is not many weeks since we conversed with an English clergyman, who had been ordered, for his health, to the south of Europe, and who had therefore visited Rome, and spent some months in that city. The number of English there resident he had heard computed at 2,500 or 3,000, most of whom were persons of some station, and many of them possessed of high rank and great influence.

These latter, especially, he described from personal observation, as being the object of the especial attention of the Papal emissaries. Such families were generally lodged in some portion of a vacant palace or mansion. Commonly, there was soon found dwelling, in some adjacent part of the same

building, an accomplished and agreeable priest, or jesuit. This person soon found an opportunity of rendering some service-obtaining access for the family to some gallery, or museum, or an invitation to some concert. An acquaintance was thus commenced, which soon made this pleasant and friendly companion almost an inmate in the family. He easily became a constant adviser, and found ready access at all seasons. Very naturally, as it seemed, he gave them opportunites of seeing the Papal Church in its most attractive garbs. Beautiful music, imposing ceremonial, magnificent architecture; each lent an aid. All allusion to the falsehood and idolatry of the system was of course suppressed, out of politeness and a regard to the usages of society. Thus, step by step, the family learnt, "when at Rome, to do as the Romans do," until all attachment to the Protestant Church of their native land was effectually worn away; and they returned to England-if indeed they did return-with the feelings more of Papists than of Protestants. Such was the process described to us as constantly going on, and that in the families of some of the most respected members of the English aristocracy!

I KNOW you would be wishing to get some account of my voyage, but the subject is so long, and fraught with so many matters, that I can scarcely attempt anything like a detail. It was a comfort, however, for me to know that I had praying friends at Casterton, and I am sure hey were not offered in vain for me, or, by God's mercy, I was not only rought safe through a troublesome and trying voyage, but I have reason also humbly to believe that it was not

Madras, Oct. 1846.

undertaken altogether in vain, both as respects my own poor soul and body, and the interests at least of some of my fellow-passengers. We left Portsmouth with a clear sky, and a calm sea, and with much unanimity and harmony amongst ourselves; but scarcely a week elapsed before both our natural and moral horizon gathered blackness, and portended evil. Oh! the heart, how deceitful and depraved! If we find it so, what must it be with those who do not

understand it, especially with the young and thoughtless of every sex, when unrenewed and uninfluenced by the grace of God? particularly when withdrawn from parental care and guidance, and left, for the first time, to embark and find their own way on the ocean of life; they are indeed like a vessel freighted only with combustible materials, which takes fire, and soon becomes a wreck! Our good captain, and his kind lady, were indeed very much tried by disorder and disharmony on board. There were scarcely two in our party who would understand each other-there were some whom the world would call good moral people; but as for spiritual religion, there was certainly nothing of the kind. Captain

and his lady were always kind and indulgent, and strictly polite and correct in their habits-they would do nothing to discourage religion, but they would please all, so far as all could be pleased. This is a defective policy which very often robs God of his due, and yields to the world more than it is entitled to. Upon this principle we had a compound of oddities, so far as religion was concerned. Dispensing with grace at meals, and having one service on Sundays-trying to honour the Sabbath, by dispensing with cards on those days, and getting up Shakspeare and novels on the table! Of course my position under all these circumstances was painful and trying, and indeed such was the ungodliness and vice, that my soul was truly among lions! However I had my part to act, and I did not hesitate as to my course. I was determined to side with nobody, and to quarrel with none; but while disposed to be kind and courteous to all, to be unflinching in reproving evil wherever I saw it, and to lay myself out upon plans to undeceive and to benefit all, without regard to age or sex, rank or station, by showing them that wisdom's ways were ways of pleasantness, and all her paths were peace. Thus I continued with them till the last, in much weakness, trembling, and fear; and had not the Lord verily been with me, my soul had well-nigh fainted!

We commenced our voyage with

but one service on Sunday mornings, when I publicly conducted the prayers, and addressed officers, passengers, and crew, devoting the afternoon for private conversation with individuals just as I could get them. The following Sabbath, I succeeded in establishing a regular meeting for conversation and prayer among the ship's crew, every Sunday evening, in addition to the morning public services. Afterwards I introduced a week-day service among the men, of a similar kind, every Wednesday evening. This, however, did not well answer, and I was obliged to give it up. Instead of this, I used to lend them books and tracts to read through the week, and would occasionally go and converse with them, as I found them disengaged. The Sabbath, however, afterwards seldom returned without bringing with it a full day's work, with scarcely time to rest for the morning service would begin at half-past ten o'clock, and end at about twelve; then, between this and three P.M., I would be employed either with the cuddy servants, or a few recruits of infantry who were going to Calcutta in charge of horses, or with some of the steerage passengers, in conversation, reading, exposition, and prayer; at three, dinner would be ready; after dinner, from five to seven P.M., I would go to the crew, read, expound, and pray with them; and then, again, from seven to half-past eight P.M., I would have a meeting in the cabin of one of the lady passengers, who, from some affection in her foot, was always unable to attend public service; here several other ladies would assemble, and I would read and pray with them. Indeed my reception among all soon became most encouraging, and especially the crew, they were not only a most quiet, orderly, and respectable set, but they were always very glad to see me, and to welcome me in their apartments, and I never was so happy as when I got amongst them, and could get them to open out their minds to me freely. very serious accident occurred to one of the men, whose name was Charles Barclay; he was a fine lad, and well educated in the Blue-Coat

A