defined as regards the country in question-that large division of Europe, the natives of which, although living under different Sovereigns, are accustomed, with so much simple and honest feeling, to call it their father-land. We wish our own countrymen were more frequent in the expression of attachment and love towards their native land. But, alas! the good old feelings of other times are fast passing away, and Englishmen, now-adays, a certain class, at least, appear only desirous to forget the name which they bear, and to adopt the institutions, the habits, and, in a still larger degree, the follies which belong to other countries.

There is one praise due to the author of this work, in the eyes of our readers, doubtless, of no mean value, that, throughout its pages, the opinions which he expresses on sacred subjects are sound and good; and, although professing no political bias, yet the sentiments which he does express are of a decided Conservative tendency. It is impossible for any person to read this work without acquiring a very clear and accurate knowledge of Germany, physical, intellectual, and moral, and without being convinced also, that it is the production of a gentleman, a scholar, and a Christian.

God's History of Man. Sermons preached in Eaton Chapel, by the Rev. John Edward Sabin, B.A., Minister of the Chapel, and Rector of Preston Bissett, Bucks. 12mo. London: Hatchards, Piccadilly; Nisbet and Co., Berner's-street; Nattali, Southampton-street. 1839.

"THE principle chiefly inculcated in this work, is believing God's Word on God's sole authority:" such are the author's words in his preface. He could not possibly have selected a principle more essentially true, more admirable in the effects to be derived from it, or one which the experience of every day renders more necessary to be inculcated. There is an earnest and zealous tone, a high and lofty strain of feeling, a generous and undoubting spirit, perceptible throughout these sermons, which we admire exceedingly. The author is evidently a young man, and the best wish we can give him is, that advancing years may never diminish that unhesitating belief, that humble and trustful confidence in the Divine Word, which appears to animate his present work.

There are one or two passages in which he illustrates the leading principle of these sermons, which struck us so much, that we extract them for the benefit of our readers; there is a freshness of thought and a fervour of spirit in them, well calculated to rouse the attention of those who peruse them.

"I weigh everything, books, providences, circumstances, talents, acquirements, in one balance, the balance of salvation. I try everything in reference to saving the immortal spirit of man; and I think it of real value only as it effects this. And I know that this is never effected by a man's believing from another man's book that the Book of God is true, but only by believing God's Book itself. Try this position, first, by books of science or philosphy, natural or moral, written to prove that the Bible is not true. If you bring me a treatise on geology or philosophy, of any kind, full of arguments and plausibilities, I care not to what extent of ingenuity and strength, to prove that the record of creation is not true, I hold your book to be lighter than the dust on the wings of a moth. Why? Because I have a thousand reasons for knowing God's book to be true. It is its own witness to me-there is self-evidence to me in it-it has not a page nor a chapter, but its truths are on my spirit, more strongly and stedfastly than the world upon its pillars. I can, therefore, trust God in his account, in

the same book, of the creation of the world He made, and I puff at your puny book, and say, upon the authority of God, 'In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.'

Nay, try this proposition by a stronger instance than you can derive from geology. Take me to the tenth chapter of Joshua, where it is written that the sun was arrested in its diurnal motion, that at the bidding of Joshua'the sun stood still in the midst of heaven and hasted not to go down a whole day,' and then taunt me, or rather taunt God's book, with the Newtonian system of philosophy, which teaches and demonstrates that the sun is a fixed luminary, the earth having the diurnal motion round the sun, and not the sun round the earth. I dare not meet your taunt by saying, that God spoke error, though it be but philosophical error, to accommodate himself or his language to the then state of ignorance of the world. This would be neology, infidelity, faithlessness to God. No, my answer is Paul's word in the day of his shipwreck, when he had nothing to beat down the evidence of his senses, 'I believe God.' Though I cannot disprove this system-though my understanding receives it, and if I were to teach my children the theory of the planetary worlds, I must teach it then according to this system, it is merely because the present state of science gives none better, inasmuch as we are advanced only a little way in a real knowledge of matter and its principles. As knowledge progresses, some simple discovery may at once clear up the question, (who can say it will not?)—some new principle may be seen, which shall bring out the truth, (who can say it will not?) the sun does move round the earth, and did stand still that day upon Gideon. In the mean time I am bold enough to believe God, and can wait for the discovery. I have trusted my undying soul, and its undying hopes upon His word, and I can trust Him in the record He has given of the movements of an orb which He will one day quench. And I am bold enough to face the Newtonian philosophy, and say, 'I believe God.'”

Portraits of the Five Protestant Bishops who were Martyred in the reign of Queen Mary, namely: Nicholas Ridley, Hugh Latimer, Thomas Cranmer, John Hooper, and Robert Furrar. Engraved by H. B. Hall, folio. Published by C. Birch, 9, Parliament-street, to be had of all Booksellers. 1839.

THE design of this work is excellent, and most opportune in point of time. The execution is admirable. All the plates are such beautiful specimens of engraving, that it is difficult to give a preference to either. If we have any choice, however, it is in favour of the portrait of Latimer, and that of Cranmer.

These plates should be on the table of every sincere Protestant, that he may be able to point out to his children the features of those venerable and holy men who scrupled not to lay down their lives at the stake in defence of the pure and apostolic Church of England We only hope that the publisher may find purchasers in proportion to the merits of his work.

The Dukes of Normandy, from the Time of Rollo to the Expulsion of King John by Phillip Augustus of France. By Jonathan Duncan, Esq. B. A., Author of " The Religions of Profane Antiquity." 8vo. London: J. Rickerby, Sherbornelane; and Harvey and Darton, Gracechurch-street. 1839. THE design of this work cannot be better stated than in the author's own words. The object of this work is an attempt to supply a deficiency in the historical literature of England. The popular abridgment of Gold

smith conveys but scanty information of our earlier annals, nor have his successors in the same department added much to our stock of knowledge. We are not, indeed, aware of any publication adapted for the use of schools, and young readers of both sexes, which treats of that portion of history which forms the subject of this volume. It would have been an useless undertaking to have narrated the lives of the Roman and Plantagenet princes, in their character of Kings of England, that task having already been so frequently and fully accomplished; our endeavour has been to portray as Dukes of Normandy, merely introducing such slight allusions to England as were necessary to preserve the harmony and connexion of the narrative." The plan is a very good one; and it is but justice to the author to say, that he appears to have executed it very well. His pages display considerable research, and the narrative, which is always clear and forcible, occasionally becomes animated and spirited. The typographical execution of the work reflects great credit on the publisher.

The Preaching of Christ in the Catholic Church. An Inaugural Discourse, preached in the Church of St. James, Leeds, on Whit Sunday, 1839. By the Rev. George Ayliffe Poole, A. M., Incumbent. Published by request, and for distribution. 12mo. Leeds T. Harrison, 153, Briggate; J. Cross, Commercial-street; and J. Burns, London. 1839.

The intro

THERE is a great deal of zeal and earnestness in this sermon. ductory passages, in which the author describes the position of the Christian minister, we extract, as affording a good specimen of the style and manner of the discourse :

"Such, my brethren, is the rule which the inspired apostle St. Paul laid down for himself, as a teacher of Christian religion, and a pastor of the flock of Christ; and this rule every right-minded pastor will gladly accept as his own, and will successfully apply to his ministerial conduct, in proportion as God shall give him grace to be faithful. But simple as this rule may appear, it involves so many particulars, and its application is necessarily affected by so many external circumstances, that, in respect of the range and character of his duties, a Christian pastor is placed in such a position as must fill him with the most anxious sense of his own insufficiency, and as ought to make those over whom he is placed more ready to intercede always in his behalf, that he may have grace, wisdom, and strength for his arduous task, than hastily to condemn what may be seen amiss in him, even though it be to the eye of charity, which thinketh no evil, which rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth. For the Christian pastor stands in the midst of a most awful and complicated series of relations, of contending factions, and of antagonist principles; and, with constant respect to all these, must he execute the various functions of his office. Let us enter into a few particulars. The mightiest struggle that man can conceive, and one which involves in its absorbing interest not our race only, but the principalities and powers also in heavenly places, is that in which Almighty God is himself engaged, for the salvation of a lost world. We behold God willing the salvation of all men; sending his Son to die for the fallen race; labouring, if we dare so speak, to save all men, by his Spirit striving with them: but, on the other hand, we see man resisting all these efforts he will not be saved! Now, while man still rebels, and God still stretches forth his hand of love, of mercy, of power, to reclaim him, the pastor is he to whom is committed the ministry of reconciliation: as though God did beseech you by us, we pray

you in Christ's stead be ye reconciled to God. We stand between a sinful race, and the God whom they have set at nought: calling, indeed, a few here and there to a better temper, and better hopes; but to the rest still sounding forth the gospel of life, which becomes to them a savour of death unto death."

Miscellanea.

RELIGIOUS SERVICE.-Forasmuch as religion worketh upon Him who in majesty and power is infinite, as we ought we account not of it, unless we esteem it even according to that very height of excellency which our hearts conceive when Divine sublimity itself is rightly considered. In the powers and faculties of our souls, God requireth the uttermost which our unfeigned affection towards Him is able to yield. So that if we affect Him not far above and before all things, our religion hath not that inward perfection which it should have, neither do we indeed worship Him as our God. That which inwardly each man should be, the Church outwardly ought to testify. And therefore the duties of our religion which are seen, must be such as that affection which is unseen ought to be. Signs must resemble the things they signify. If religion bear the greatest sway in our hearts, our outward religious duties must shew it as far as the Church hath outward ability.-Hooker.

TRUST IN GOD.-In the next place, I must exhort you to exercise a great faith in God's good providence, which rules in all affairs. This is of great force to banish all perplexing thoughts, and consequently to make you of a cheerful spirit, and to be of good company for yourself when you are alone, or about your necessary employments. And it hath not only this oblique aspect upon our souls, to defend them froin that heaviness and sadness which is too apt to oppress them, but is by a mere direct and manifest influence to comfort and enliven them on all occasions. By removing, that is, those impediments out of the way which are a clog and a burden to our spirits, and by begetting likewise an higher faith in God's goodness to our better part, which takes such care to our lower concernments. For what is it that makes our heart unwilling to go to God, and to wait upon Him, as Mary sat at our Saviour's feet, but the multitude of businesses wherewith, like Martha, we encumber and trouble ourselves? We imagine we can never take care enough about those things; and when we have done our best, still we remain solicitous about the success. And so our souls being already filled and crowded with these thoughts, there is no room left to admit of any other till they be thrust out.-Bishop Patrick.

SYMPTOMS OF CHANGE IN TURKEY. The Sultan does not appear to be above sixty years of age; he has a short, thin, black beard, sits extremely well and upright on his horse, and looks as if he would, in the natural course of life, see many more years of change. He is suspected of being a Christian; and certainly his exertions are doing far more than any other measure now at work to remove the superstitions of Mahometanism; and these reforms may perhaps prepare the way for further changes in the religion of the people. Here the barriers of the Mahometan law are falling fast, and there is now as much religious freedom in this as in any other city in the world. There are many picture-shops, and portraits of the Sultan are seen exposed in all of them, and this by his command. The devices on the embroidered cloths, and the painted ceilings and fronts of houses, now represent guns and flags-objects in nature or art; which is a direct violation of the laws of the Koran; but it would be endless to relate the changes in progress here.-Fellows's Asia Minor.

EARTHQUAKE IN THE ISLAND OF MARTINIQUE.-The following particulars relating to the late earthquake at Martinique are abridged from the St. Vincent's Chronicle, 12th of February, 1839:-The 11th of January was the day of this severe calamity. The population of the principal city, Fort Royal, previous to that fatal day, was computed at 12,000 souls. All the public buildings were

either destroyed, or so rent or thrown down, as to be useless. Of 1,700 houses which composed the city, only 18 are saved, and these are all wooden edifices. Whole lines of streets in the meaner parts of the city were entombed with the inmates by the falling in of the loftier stone dwellings. No horror can vie with that presented by the arched fragments of the convent, the tattered shreds of the old, and the site of what was the new hospital. Not a stone of the latter, which recently cost £100,000, left upon another, the whole is entirely razed to the earth, with its imprisoned patients forty-six in number. All are agreed that this awful visitation of Providence was tempered with mercy; if the earthquake, instead of happening at six o'clock in the morning, had taken place a few hours sooner, not a soul could have escaped, as the town was buried in sleep; but occurring when the labouring population had for the most part repaired to their wonted occupations, they whose houses first fell, avoided the fate which engulphed their residences. The vessels in the roadstead bounded as if they had struck on a reef. Within the city, the earthquake is represented as composed of three shocks, and its duration extended to from forty to sixty seconds. About 900 sufferers were dug out of the ruins, and in 500 of these life was extinct. About 260 of those who were saved have since died. Every tongue is loud in praise of the Governor and the heads of departments, for their unceasing zeal, courage, and humanity, in which they were nobly seconded by the military and seamen of the fleet, upwards of 1,000 of whom landed to dig out the sufferers. St. Pierre has likewise suffered, but not to an extent comparable to the capital. At St. Lucia the vibration was of a severe and alarming nature, and at St. Vincent's the earthquake was severely felt, but it is thought the souffrieres acted there as a safety valve for the escape of the imprisoned inflammable matter.

DISCOVERIES IN ASIA MINOR.-The Lords of the Admiralty have sent a ship of war to the south-western corner of Asia Minor, for the purpose of transporting from thence to this country a large collection of most valuable ancient sculptures and bas-reliefs, which have been discovered by Mr. Fellows, during his travels in Asia Minor. Mr. Hawkins, one of the curators of the British Museum, has been principally instrumental in securing to that establish ment these invaluable remains of Grecian art, many of which are said to be in a state of comparative perfection.

THE WOOLLEN MANUFACTURE.-Towards the end of the seventeenth century the value of the wool shorn in England was estimated at two millions yearly, which, supposed to be quadrupled in value in the manufacture, made the entire value of the article manufactured eight millions, of which two millions were exported. In 1700 the official value of woollen goods exported amounted to three millions, which, about 1780, had only increased half a million. By 1802, however, the exports had increased enormously, the amount for that year being £7,321,021, and which has only been exceeded once, in 1833, when they amounted to £7,788,842. The revulsion of the trade with the United States caused a startling reduction in 1837, when the official value of the exports had fallen to £4,681,625; this decline can only, however, be considered temporary. Mr. Mac Culloch estimates the yearly amount of wool produced in Great Britain at 520,000 packs (of 240 lbs each). In addition to this immense quantity of material for our manufacturers, we import largely from other countries. In 1837, about 200,000 packs were thus received, of which about 12,000 packs were re-exported, leaving the whole of the remainder to be added to our own produce for the supply of our own manufactures, the annual value of which Mr. Mac Culloch estimates at 22 millions, and are supposed to employ about 335,000 persons.

COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1837.-Whole number of Colleges, 95; Teachers in the same, 730; Students in ditto, 9,240; volumes in College libraries, 280,930. Theological Seminaries, 35; Professors, 83; Students, 1,057; volumes in Libraries, 72,550. Law Schools, 8; Professors, 12; Students, 227. Medical Schools, 26; Professors, 141; Students, 2,489.