That speared at him how he had done. Ah! Sir, said he, so God me see! Brother, he said, since you will sua, It is good that we same ta, Disease or ease, or pain or play, After as God will us purvay. 3 And since men say that the Persy Mine heretage will occupy; And his menyie so near us lies, That us despites many ways; Go we, and venge some of the dispite. Note 6. Stanza xvii. Now ask you whence that wond'rous light, The following are the words of an ingenious corre- Haste In sup 4 Avenge. burning heath for the improvement of land was then Note 7. Stanza xix. They gain'd the chase, a wide domain The castle of Turnberry, on the coast of Ayrshire, was the property of Robert Bruce, in right of his mother. Lord Hailes mentions the following remarkable circumstance concerning the mode in which he became proprietor of it :-« Martha, Countess of Carrick in her own right, the wife of Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale, bare him a son, afterwards Robert I. (11th July, 1274). The circumstances of her marriage were singular: happening to meet Robert Bruce in her domains, she became enamoured of him, and with some violence led him to her castle of Turnberry. A few days after she married him, without the knowledge of the relations of either party, and without the requisite consent of the king. The king instantly seized her castle and whole estates. She afterwards atoned by a fine for her feudal delinquency. Little did Alexander foresee, that, from this union, the restorer, of the Scottish monarchy was to arise.»-Annals of Scotland, vol. II, p. 180. The same obliging correspondent, whom I have quoted in the preceding note, gives me the following account of the present state of the ruins of Turnberry: -<< Turnberry Point is a rock projecting into the sea; the top of it is about 18 feet above high-water mark. Upon this rock was built the castle. There is about 25 feet high of the wall next to the sea yet standing. Upon the land-side the wall is only about four feet high; the length has been 60 feet, and the breadth 45: it was surrounded by a ditch, but that is now nearly filled up. The top of the ruin, rising between 40 and 50 feet above the water, has a majestic appearance Around the castle of Turnberry was a level plain of The Bruce hath won his father's hall! I have followed the flattering and pleasing tradition, that the Bruce, after his descent upon the coast of Ayr shire, actually gained possession of his maternal castle. But the tradition is not accurate. The fact is, that he was only strong enough to alarm and drive in the outposts of the English garrison, then commanded, not by Clifford, as assumed in the text, but by Percy. Neither was Clifford slain upon this occasion, though he had several skirmishes with Bruce. He fell afterwards in the battle of Bannockburn. Bruce, after alarming the castle of Turnberry, and surprising some part of the garrison, who were quartered without the walls of the fortress, retreated into the mountainous part of Carrick, and there made himself so strong that the English were obliged to evacuate Turnberry, and at length the castle of Ayr. Many of his benefactions and royal gifts attest his attachment to the hereditary followers of his house, in this part of the country. the fragments have been kept by the freemen of Prestwick in a place of security. There is one of these charter-stones at the village of Old Daily, in Carrick, which has become more celebrated by the following event, which happened only a very few years ago:The village of New Daily being now larger than the old place of the same name, the inhabitants insisted that the charter-stone should be removed from the old town to the new, but the people of Old Daily were unwilling to part with their ancient right. Demands and remonstrances were made on each side without effect, till at last man, woman, and child, of both villages, marched out, and by one desperate engagement put an end to a war, the commencement of which no person then living remembered. Justice and victory, in this instance, being of the same party, the villagers of the old town of Daily now enjoy the pleasure of keeping the blue-stane unmolested. Ideal privileges are often can set his back against one of the above description, he is supposed not liable to be arrested for debt, nor can cattle, it is imagined, be poinded, so long as they are fastened to the same stone. That stones were often used as symbols to denote the right of possessing land, before the use of written documents became general in Scotland, is, I think, exceedingly probable. The charter-stone of Inverness is still kept with great care, set in a frame, and hooped with iron, at the marketplace of that town. It is called by the inhabitants of that district Clack na Couddin. I think it is very likely that Carey has mentioned this stone in his poem of Craig Phaderick. This is only a conjecture, as I have never seen that work. While the famous marble chair was allowed to remain at Scoon, it was considered as the charter-stone of the kingdom of Scotland.» It is generally known that Bruce, in consequence of his distresses after the battle of Methven, was affected by a scorbutic disorder, which was then called a le-attached to some of these stones. In Girvan, if a man prosy. It is said he experienced benefit from the use of a medicinal spring about a mile north of the town of Ayr, called from that circumstance King's Ease. The following is the tradition of the country, collected by Mr Train:-<< After Robert ascended the throne, he founded the priory of dominican monks, every one of whom was under the obligation of putting up to Heaven a prayer once every week-day, and twice in holydays, for the recovery of the king; and, after his death, these masses were continued for the saving of his soul. The ruins of this old monastery are now nearly level with the ground. Robert likewise caused houses to be built round the well of King's Ease, for eight lepers, and allowed eight bolls of oatmeal, and 281. Scotch money, per annum, to each person. These donations were laid upon the lands of Fullarton, and are now payable by the Duke of Portland. The farm of Sheils, in the neighbourhood of Ayr, has to give, if required, a certain quantity of straw for the lepers' beds, and so much to thatch their houses annually. Each leprous person had a drinking-horn provided him by the king, which continued to be hereditary in the house to which it was first granted. One of those identical horns, of very curious workmanship, was in the possession of the late Colonel Fullarton of that ilk.» Note 9. Stanza xxxiv. Bring here, he said, the mazers four, My noble fathers loved of yore.. These mazers were large drinking-cups, or goblets. Mention of them occurs in a curious inventory of the treasure and jewels of James III., which will be published, with other curious documents of antiquity, by my friend, Mr Thomas Thomson, D. Register of ScotMy correspondent proceeds to mention some curious land, under the title of «A Collection of Inventories, remnants of antiquity respecting this foundation. «In and other Records of the Royal Wardrobe, Jewelcompliment to Sir William Wallace, the great deliverer House,» etc. I copy the passage in which mention is of his country, King Robert Bruce invested the de- made of the mazers, and also of an habiliment, called scendants of that hero with the right of placing all the King Robert Bruce's serk,» i. e. shirt, meaning, perlepers upon the establishment of King's Ease. This haps, his shirt of mail; although no other arms are patronage continued in the family of Craigie, till it was mentioned in the inventory. It might have been a resold, along with the lands of the late Sir Thomas Wal-lique of a more sanctified description, a penance shirt lace. The burgh of Ayr then purchased the right of perhaps. applying the donations of King's Ease to the support of the poor-house of Ayr. The lepers' charter-stone was a basaltic block, exactly the shape of a sheep's kidney, and weighing an Ayrshire boll of meal. The surface of this stone being as smooth as glass, there was not any other way of lifting it than by turning the hollow to the ground, there extending the arms along each side of the stone, and clasping the hands in the cavity. Young lads were always considered as deserving to be ranked among men, when they could lift the bluestone of King's Ease. It always lay beside the well, Item, thre platis of silver. till a few years ago, when some English dragoons eucamped at that place wantonly broke it, since which Extract from « Inventare of ane Parte of the Gold and Silver conyeit and unconyeit, Jowellis, and uther Stuff perteining to Umquhile our Soverane Lords Fader, that he had in Depois the Tyme of his Deceis, and that come to the Handis of our Soverane Lord that now is. M.CCCC.LXXXVIII.>>> Memorandum fundin in a bandit kist like a gardeviant,‣ in the fyrst the grete chenye of gold, contenand sevin score sex linkis. Garde-vin, or wine-cooler. 2 Chain. Item, tuelf salfatis.' Item, fyftene discheis ouregilt. Item, twa grete bassingis 3 ouregilt. Item, a grete gilt plate. Jameses, and is dated at Faulkland. The freemen of Newton were formerly officers by rotation. The provost of Ayr, at one time, was a freeman of Newton, and it happened to be his turn, while provost in Ayr, to be Item, FOUR MASARIS, CALLED KING ROBERT THE BROCIS, officer in Newton, both of which offices he discharged with a COVER. Item, a grete cok maid of silver. Item, the hede of silver of ane of the coveris of masar. Item, a fare dialle. 4 Item, twa kasis of knyffis, 5 Item, a pair of auld kniffis. at the same time. Note 11. Stanza xxxiv. Let Ettrick's archers sharp their darts, The forest of Selkirk, or Ettrick, at this period, oc Item, takin be the smyth that opinnit the lokkis, in cupied all the district which retains that denomination, gold fourty demyis. Item, in Inglys grotis 6. xxiiii li, and the said silver given again to the takaris of hym. Item, ressavit in the cloissat of Davidis tour, ane haly waterfat of silver, twa boxis, a cageat tume, a glas with rois-water, a dosoune of torchis, KING ROBERT BRUCIS SERK. The real use of the antiquarian's studies is, to bring the minute information which he collects to bear upon points of history. For example, in the inventory I have just quoted, there is given the contents of the black kist, or chest, belonging to James III., which was his strong-box, and contained a quantity of treasure in money and jewels, surpassing what might have been at the period expected of « poor Scotland's gear.»> This illustrates and authenticates a striking passage in the history of the House of Douglas, by Hume of Godscroft. The last Earl of Douglas (of the elder branch) had been reduced to monastic seclusion in the Abbey of Lindores, by James II. James III., in his distresses, would willingly have recalled him to public life, and made him his lieutenant. << But he,» says Godscroft, « laden with years and old and age, of troubles, refused, weary saying, Sir, you have keept mee, and your black coffer in Stirling, too long; neither of us can doe you any good: 1, because my friends have forsaken me, and my followers and dependers are fallen from me, betaking themselves to other masters; and your black trunk is too farre from you, and your enemies are between you and it; or (as others say) because there was in it a sort of black coyne, that the king had caused to be coyned by the advice of his courtiers; which moneys (saith he), sir, if you had put out at the first, the people would have taken it; and if you had employed mee in due time I might have done you service. now there is none that will take notice of me, nor meddle with your money.»-HUME's History of the House of Douglas, fol. Edinb. 1644, p. 206. Note 10. Stanza xxxiv. Arouse old friends, and gather new. But As soon as it was known in Kyle, says ancient tradition, that Robert Bruce had landed in Carrick, with the intention of recovering the crown of Scotland, the Laird of Craigie, and forty-eight men in his immediate neighbourhood, declared in favour of their legitimate prince. Bruce granted them a tract of land, still retained by the freemen of Newton to this day. The original charter was lost when the pestilence was raging at Ayr; but it was renewed by one of the | Salt-cellars, anciently the object of much curious workmanship. Dishes. › Basins. 4 Dial. Cases of knives. • English groats. and embraced the neighbouring dales of Tweeddale, and at least the Upper Ward of Clydesdale. All that tract was probably as waste as it is mountainous, and covered with the remains of the ancient Caledonian forest, which is supposed to have stretched from Cheviot Hills as far as Hamilton, and to have comprehended even a part of Ayrshire. At the fatal battle of Falkirk, Sir John Stewart, of Bonkill, brother to the Steward of Scotland, commanded the archers of Selkirk forest, who fell around the dead body of their leader. The English historians have commemorated the tall and stately persons, as well as the unswerving faith, of these foresters. Nor has their interesting fall escaped the notice of an elegant modern poetess, whose subject led her to treat of that calamitous engagement:— The glance of the morn had sparkled bright Far, far from the clustering green-wood shade! CANT CANTO VI. Note 1. Stanza i. When Bruce's banner had victorious flow'd O'er Loudoun's mountain, and in Ury's vale. The first important advantage gained by Bruce, after landing at Turnberry, was over Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, the same by whom he had been defeated near Methven. They met, as has been said, by appointment, at Loudoun-hill, in the west of Scotland. Pembroke sustained a defeat; and from that time Bruce was at the head of a considerable flying army. Yet he was subsequently obliged to retreat into Aberdeenshire, and was there assailed by Comyn, Earl of Buchan, desirous to avenge the death of his relative, the Red Comyn, and supported by a body of English troops under Philip de Moubray. Bruce was ill at the time of a scrofulous disorder, but took horse to meet his enemies, although obliged to be supported on either side. He was victorious, and it is said that the agitation of his spirits restored his health. Note 2. Stanza i. When English blood oft deluged Douglas-dale. The «good Lord James of Douglas,» during these commotions often took from the English his own castle of Douglas, but, being unable to garrison it, contented himself with destroying the fortifications, and retiring into the mountains. As a reward to his patriotism, it is said to have been prophesied, that how often soever Douglas Castle should be destroyed, it should always again arise more magnificent from its ruins. Upon one of these occasions, he used fearful cruelty, causing all the store of provisions, which the English had laid up in his castle, to be heaped together, bursting the wine and beer-casks among the wheat and flour, slaughtering the cattle upon the same spot, and upon the top of the whole cutting the throats of the English prisoners. This pleasantry of the « good Lord James » is commemorated under the name of the Douglas's Larder. A more pleasing tale of chivalry is recorded by Godscroft. « By this means, and such other exploits, he so affrighted the enemy, that it was counted a matter of great jeopardie to keep this castle, which began to be called the adventurous (or hazardous) castle of Douglas; whereupon Sir John Walton being in suit of an English lady, she wrote to him, that when he had kept the adventurous castle of Douglas seven years, then he might think himself worthy to be a suitor to her. Upon this occasion Walton took upon him the keeping of it, and succeeded to Thruswall, but he ran the same fortune with the rest that were before him. For Sir James, having first dressed an ambuscado near unto the place, he made fourteen of his men take so many sacks, and fill them with grass, as though it had been corn, which they carried in the way to Lanark, the chief market town in that county: so hoping to draw forth the captain by that bait, and either to take him or the castle, or both. Neither was this expectation frustrated, for the captain did bite, and came forth to have taken this victual (as he supposed). But ere he could reach these carriers, Sir James, with his company, had gotten between the castle and him; and these disguised carriers, seeing the captain following after them, did quickly cast off their sacks, mounted themselves on horseback, and met the captain with a sharp encounter, being so much the more amazed, as it was unlooked for; wherefore, when he saw these carriers metamorphosed into warriors, and ready to assault him, fearing that which was, that there was some train Jaid for them, he turned about to have retired to his castle, but there he also met with his enemies; between which two companies he and his whole followers were slain, so that none escaped: the captain afterwards being searched, they found (as it is reported) his mistress's letter about him.»-HUME's History of the House of Douglas, fol. pp. 29, 30. Note 3. Stanza i. And fiery Edward routed stout St John. « John de St John, with 15,000 horsemen, had advanced to oppose the inroad of the Scots. By a forced march he endeavoured to surprise them, but intelligence of his motions was timeously received. The courage of Edward Bruce, approaching to temerity, frequently enabled him to achieve what men of more judicious valour would never have attempted. He ordered the infantry, and the meaner sort of his army, to entrench themselves in strong narrow ground. He himself, with fifty horsemen well harnessed, issued forth under cover of a thick mist, surprised the English on their march, attacked and dispersed them.»>-DALRYMPLE'S Annals of Scotland, quarto, Edinburgh, 1779, p. 25. Note 4. Stanza i. When Randolph's war-cry swell'd the southern gale. Scottish chief, was in the early part of his life not more Thomas Randolph, Bruce's sister's son, a renowned remarkable for consistency than Bruce himself. He espoused his uncle's party when Bruce first assumed the Methven, in which his relative's hopes appeared to be crown, and was made prisoner at the fatal battle of ruined. Randolph accordingly not only submitted to the English, but took an active part against Bruce, appeared in arms against him, and in the skirmish where said his nephew took his standard with his own hand. he was so closely pursued by the blood-hound, it is But Randolph was afterwards made prisoner by Douglas in Tweeddale (see p. 337), and brought before King the uncle and nephew, and the latter was committed Robert. Some harsh language was exchanged between for a time to close custody. Afterwards, however, they were reconciled, and Randolph was created Earl of distinguished himself, first by the surprise of Edinburgh After this period he eminently Moray about 1312. Castle, and afterwards by many similar enterprises, conducted with equal courage and ability. When a long train of success, actively improved by Robert Bruce, had made him master of almost all Scotland, Stirling Castle continued to hold out. The care of the blockade was committed by the king to his brother Edward, who concluded a treaty with Sir Philip Mowbray, the governor, that he should surrender the fortress, if it were not succoured by the King of England before St John the Baptist's day. The king severely blamed his brother for the impolicy of a treaty, which gave time to the King of England to advance to the relief of the castle with all his assembled forces, and obliged himself either to meet them in battle with an inferior force, or to retreat with dishonour. <<< Let all England come,» answered the reckless Edward, «we will fight them were they more.»> was, of course, that each kingdom mustered its strength for the expected battle, and as the space agreed upon reached from Lent to Midsummer, full time was allowed for that purpose. Note 6. Stanza iv. To summon prince and peer, The consequence At Berwick-bounds to meet their liege. There is printed in Rymer's Fædera the summons issued upon this occasion to the sheriff of York; and he mentions eighteen other persons to whom similar ordinances were issued. It seems to respect the infantry alone, for it is entitled, De peditibus ad recussum Castride Stryvelin a Scotis obsessi properare faciendis. This circumstance is also clear from the reasoning of the writ, which states, « We have understood that our Scottish enemies and rebels are endeavouring to collect as strong a force as possible of infautry, in strong and marshy grounds, where the approach of cavalry would be difficult, between us and the castle of Stirling.»It then sets forth Mowbray's agreement to surrender the castle, if not relieved before St John the Baptist's day, and the king's determination, with divine grace, to raise the siege. « Therefore,» the summons further bears, «to remove our said enemies and rebels from such places as above-mentioned, it is necessary for us to have a strong force of infantry fit for arms.>> And accordingly the sheriff of York is commanded to equip and send forth a body of four thousand infantry, to be assembled at Werk, upon the tenth day of June first, under pain of the royal displeasure, etc. Note 7. Stanza iv. And Cambria, but of late subdued, Edward the First, with the usual policy of a conqueror, employed the Welch, whom he had subdued, to assist him in his Scottish wars, for which their habits, as mountaineers, particularly fitted them. But this policy was not without its risks. Previous to the battle of Falkirk, the Welch quarrelled with the English menat-arms, and after bloodshed on both parts, separated themselves from his army, and the feud between them, at so dangerous and critical a juncture, was reconciled with difficulty. Edward II. followed his father's example in this particular, and with no better success. They could not be brought to exert themselves in the cause of their conquerors. But they had an indifferent reward for their forbearance. Without arms, and clad only in scanty dresses of linen cloth, they appeared naked in the eyes even of the Scottish peasantry; and after the rout of Bannockburn, were massacred by them in great numbers, as they retired in confusion towards their own country. They were under command of Sir Maurice de Berkley. Note 8. Stanza iv. And Connaught pour'd from waste and wood There is in the Fœdera an invitation to Eth O'Connor, chief of the Irish of Connaught, setting forth that the king was about to move against his Scottish rebels, and therefore requesting the attendance of all the force he could muster, either commanded by himself in person, or by some nobleman of his race. These auxiliaries were to be commanded by Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster. Similar mandates were issued to the following Irish chiefs, whose names may astonish the unlearned, and amuse the antiquary. << Eth O Donnuld, Duci Hibernicorum de Tyrconil; Maur. Kenenagh Mac Murgh; Dermod O Tonoghur, Doffaly; Souethuth Mac Gillephatrick; Gilbertus Ekelly, Duci Hibernicorum de Omany; Omalan Heelyn, Duci Hibernicorum Midie.>> RYMER'S Acta Publica, vol. III, pp. 476, 477. Note 9. Stanza ix. Their chief, Fitz-Louis. Fitz-Louis, or Mac-Louis, otherwise called Fullarton, is a family of ancient descent in the Isle of Arran. They are said to be of French origin, as the name intimates. They attached themselves to Bruce upon his first landing; and Fergus Mac-Louis, or Fullarton, received from the grateful monarch a charter, dated 26th November, in the second year of his reign (1307), for the lands of Kilmichel, and others, which still remain in this very ancient and respectable family. Note 10. Stanza x. In battles four beneath their eye, The forces of King Robert lie. The arrangements adopted by King Robert for the decisive battle of Bannockburn, are given very distinctly. by Barbour, and form an edifying lesson to tacticians. Yet, till commented upon by Lord Hailes, this important passage of history has been generally and strangely misunderstood by historians. I will here endeavour to detail it fully. Two days before the battle, Bruce selected the field of action, and took post there with his army, consisting of about 30,000 disciplined men, and about half the number of disorderly attendants upon the camp. The ground was called the New Park of Stirling: it was partly open, and partly broken by copses of wood and marshy ground. He divided his regular forces into four divisions. Three of these occupied a front line, separated from each other, yet sufficiently near for the The fourth division purposes of communication. formed a reserve. The line extended in a north-easterly direction from the brook of Bannock, which is so rugged and broken as to cover the right flank effectually, to the village of Saint Ninian's, probably in the line of the present road from Stirling to Kilsyth. Edward Bruce commanded the right wing, which was strengthened by a strong body of cavalry under Keith, the Marshal of Scotland, to whom was committed the important charge of attacking the English archers; Douglas, and the young Steward of Scotland, led the central wing; and Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, the left wing. The king himself commanded the fourth division, which lay in reserve behind the others. The royal standard was pitched, according to tradition, in a stone, having a round hole for its reception, and thence called the Bore-stone. It is still shown on the top of a small eminence, called Brock's-brae, to the south-west of St Ninian's. His main body thus disposed, King Robert sent the followers of the camp, fifteen thousand and upwards in number, to the eminence in rear of his army, called from that circumstance the Gillies' (i. e. the servants') hill, |