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the grammar, of his own language. The following fhort paragraphs, and few fpecimens, may warrant this ftricture, inftead of many more that might be produced on the occafion.

By the word Disease, I understand fuch an affection of the whole animal fyftem, wherein the functions of its several parts are difturbed, or fuch an affection of any part, that disturbs its function; and fo a fever is fuch an affection of the whole fyftem, wherein the functions of its feveral parts are disturbed.'

I have chofen the following [i. e. Difquifitions] as of more general ufe, till freedom of thought, and a more eafy fituation, fhall afford time and power to proceed on fo defirous a bufinefs. It is true, indeed, our knowlege of fuch caufes as [the proper relative at laft] are found by Diffections, is not of such general ufe as of thofe objected to imagination and reafon chiefly.' Pref, P. v. and ix.

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We are told, p. 10, the brain, of the fize of a cubic inch, was corrupt underneath.' Which commutation of the right Particle, to, might fuggeft to any perfon who reads only that line, that Dr. Cloffy was talking of the cubical brain of some fmall animal. Tranfudation from rare veffels,' p. 20, instead of thin or worn. When the hardness of the fibres cohibits these effluxes,' p. 59. This stiff verb, as it is applied here, probably feemed more fcholaftic, or elegant, than prevents, to our Author. We read, p. 64, of diet conferving the ill difpofition of the fluids;' which founds in this place, like a term of the Confectioner's trade, and muft make a very unpleasant, unwholefome conferve, as well as the blood itfelf, which Dr. C. conferves, p. 80, and elsewhere. If the lungs or their membrane have abfceded,' p. 64, 65. Our Author certainly meant hereIf an abfcefs was formed in the lungs, or in their membrane; but which abfceded will very badly, if at all, exprefs; except the lungs are fuppofed to become extravafated as it were, and to depart from the circulation, as a broken abfcefs does, and from whence it is fo named. Confifted like clay,' p. 153;- the like mode of effection may likewife proceed from Intumefcence of Lentors,' p. 51,- to roufe the brain to a fucceffion of the obftructing matter,' p. 27,-which it is impoffible to understand, without fuppofing Dr. C. to have meant a fuccuffion, or shaking off of the obftructing matter. Without farther animadverfion on many fuch crudities, we refer them to the Author's better concoction.

But not to characterise a little treatife, fo ufefully intended, folely from its defects or blemishes, we would not be understood to confound the matter of this book with the manner of it; our youthful Author appearing to have been not a little affiduous in his anatomical difquifitions on morbid carcaffes; in the course

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of which he alfo evinces his application to Hippocrates, Galer, and many other good medical Writers, whom he frequently cites, or refers to. His notes and reflections on the appearances in diffected bodies, are often pertinent and rational; and particularly thofe on the Generation of a Stone in the human fyftem, and his treatment of nephritic diforders, are very fenfible, and manifeft his attention to this fubject, which was very natural, from his being himself subject to diseases of the urinary organs.

Whenever a young Phyfician emerges from graduation, how fhall he announce himiclf, as the French term it? He has no fhop, and cuftom precludes him from exhibiting his name over his door. Yet as it is reciprocally neceffary, that the Purchafers of health fhould hear of its Venders, a book, with its repeated advertisements, becomes indifpenfable; and many may find it more eafy to circulate a book, as a fign, than to publish themselves by the chariot. To encourage the former of thefe expedients, which will never hurt the Reviewers, nor any fuch Candidate as can exhibit a promifing evidence of his qualifications, and a probability of his farther improvement, we chufe to tranfcribe the following uncommon cafe, (which concludes with a good practical obfervation) and Dr. Cloffy's reflections on it, (without the least remark of our own) as a specimen of his medical abilities. See Page 120.

Iliac Paffion by Involution.

In August 1752, came to Stevens's, a failor from Yarmouth,` a little man, about twenty-five years old: he had intolerable pains in the lower belly, which began fix weeks before, and continuing for fome hours, then intermitted. At these intervals of pain he Leturned to feed as at other times; but when the inteftine began to fill, the food topped in its paffage below the navel, and then the torment commenced, and perfifted till, by the affistance of very ftimulating clyfters, fome flools were promoted, and thus he was eafier; but thofe means were at length ineffectual, fo the interminions being lefs, the pain became almost continual, and in a violent exacerbation one morning he died, being two months after his arrival at the hofpital.

The Cacum with its appendicle, and three or four inches of the Ilium, were forced up into the Colon, and adhered thereto; and the Colon, rent from its adherence to the Mefentery, lay down in the Pelvis.

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Now a little before the commencement of thefe pains, this miferable man had taken very ftrong cathartic pills repeatedi'y, for a virulent gonorrhoea, which wrought him almost inceffantly.

REFLECTION.

So then an Iliac Paffion may arise from the involution of one part of the inteftine into another, from its inflammation and adherence, which obftruct the contents of the inteftine endeavouring to defcend, and from the violent and painful luctus between the inteftine and obtacle; and this fort of iliac paffion is indicated by the floppage of the food at a certain place, of which this unhappy man was perfectly fenfible.

It appears too, that pain will arife in the inteftines, as well by obftruction of its cavity, as from fluxions on, or obftructions in, the velfels of the membranes, or fpafins by affections of their nerves.

⚫ Nor is it diffonant to reafon to conclude, these effects took origin from the violent motions of the inteftines raised by the pills; for, by the ftrong actions of the diaphragm and muscles of the belly exerted in inteftinal excretions, combined with the motions of the inteftines from the fame caufe, that such an effect may arife, is not very dificult to conceive, to one who confiders the ftrength of thefe motions, and compares them with the experiments of the celebrated Haller, who, by irritation, has made introfufceptions in the inteftines of creatures at pleasure, which introfufceptions however, by a series of experiments of the lame Author, will not produce the iliac paffion without the inflammation and adherence of their membranes.

And thus, exclufive of the confequences of humoral hernias, Iwellings of the testicles, and too fudden itoppage of the flux from the crethra, which are known frequently to follow the repetition of ftrong cathartic pills of aloe, fcammony, and coloquintida, in treating a virulent gonorrhoea, we reasonably reducei a poffible confequence, worfe than the precedent.'

Several Difcourfes preached before the late King, and his prefent Majefty; and before the Univerfity of Cambridge. By Z. Brooke, D. D. Fellow of St. John's College in Cambridge, and Chaplain in Ordinary to his Majesty. 8vo. 4s. fewed. DodЛley, &c.

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F the eleven Difcourfes contained in this volume, two were preached at St. Mary's church in the University of Cambridge, in 1762, the first on May the 29th, the other on October the 25th; the fubjects of the other Difcourfes are chiefly practical, and are treated in a florid, declamatory manner, having little more to recommend them to Readers of di:cernment and tafte, than a clear and eafy flow of language.It is, indeed, extremely difficult to reprefent religious truths, tho' univerfally allowed to be of the utmost importance, in a ftriking and agreeable manner; mediocrity therefore, in regard to compofition, is, and neceffarily must be, the general character of all productions of this kind.

Our Readers, however, will probably expect a fpecimen of

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the Doctor's manner of writing; this we fhall give them from his Difcourfe on Matt. ix. 2.-Be of good cheer, thy fins be forgiven thee. He begins with obferving, that among the manifold evils of human life, no one is more afflictive in its nature, more durable in its impreffions, or more extenfive in its influence, than the fenfe of guilt, and the dread of punishment. Every man's breast, we are told, is furnished with fuch a faithful Monitor, and incorrupt Judge, as fuffers not his conduct to pafs unobferved, and fails not to cenfure and reprove what is done amifs.

The remorfe and ill-bodings of an evil confcience, feize the heart of man with a rigour and obftinacy not to be mollified; and penetrate fo deep, as never to be extirpated. This torment and reftleffness of mind, is perpctually mixing itfelf with all our concerns, with every employment and amusement of our lives. Neither the ardent purfuit of glory in the ambitious, nor the multiplicity of distracting cares in the worldly-minded, nor the mirth and riotous living of the voluptuous, can fo far fubdue thefe mighty impreffions from within, as to leave the foul in a state of eafe and tranquillity. We have as it were a tribunal erected within ourselves, where judgment being once paffed, a man's own torturing thoughts, like fo many officious fervants of justice, will be ever affiduous in executing the fentence of condemnation. And the agonizing pain of felf-conviction, like the tremendous fignal upon the wall, or the start-, ling fummons to the rich fool in the Gospel, will deftroy the fatisfaction of the choiceft bleffings of life.

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After thefe and fome other general reflections, our Author proceeds to confider, what expedients reafon may fuggeft towards alleviating this natural anxiety of mind, and what remcdy revelation prefcribes for the cure of it. There is not lefs juftnefs and truth in the general purport and meaning of that obfervation of the prophet Eli,' fays he, than there was propriety in the particular application of it to the cafe of his own fons: "If one man fin against another, the Judge fhall judge him; but if a man fin against the Lord, Who fhall intreat for him?" Sam. ii. 25. The utmost that the light of Nature has been able to difcover, concerning the expiation of guilt, the fatisfying of the divine juftice, and the reconciling the offended Majefty of Heaven to finful man, has been to rest the whole caute upon the meritorious nature of repentance and facrifice. The Heathen feems to have repofed all his hope and confidence in the latter method of reconciliation; and the former is the fole refuge and confolation of modern Infidelity.

There might be fubftantial reafons for the inftitution and

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continuance of facrifice in the Patriarchal and Mofaic religions. The men who lived under thofe difpenfations, might have just grounds for afcribing an extraordinary degree of efficacy to fuch modes of worship. But what dependance could the Gentile have upon the propitiatory nature of their facrifices? What connection was there to be found between the blood of a brute animal and the expiation of human guilt? What peculiar relation was there fubfifting between the perfon who facrificed, and the devoted victim, that the one might be reasonably subftituted in the place of the other? How could it be fuppofed, that the great Lord of heaven and earth fhould take delight in the blood of bulls, and of goats, or in the fat of fed beafts? or that there should be fo much virtue in the destroying the life of an innocent beaft, as to reconcile an offended God to the vicious person who offered it.

If the pure dictates of reafon alone had been attended to, the facrificing innocent creatures for the fake of the guilty, unlefs they voluntarily devoted themselves to that purpose, must have appeared to be rather wrong in itself, and injurious to the honour of the Almighty, than a likely means of appeafing his refentment, and regaining his favour. That therefore these men, who were in all other cafes guided by reafon only, fhould in this particular inftance renounce all their avowed principles, and fo far contradict the fuggeftions of nature, as to perfift in their extravagant notions, concerning the intrinfic value and meritoriousness of facrifice, is to be rationally accounted for no otherwife, than from the force and influence of tradition. And the exact conformity between the Pagan nations and those of the Jewish people, concerning the nature and virtue of bloody facrifices, and the proper manner of performing them, evidently fhews, whence this tradition was originally derived. It was plainly nothing elfe but a special appointment of God himself, firit delivered to the Patriarchs, and afterwards handed down from age to age, through the feveral nations and periods of the world.

But of how little avail thefe facrifices were in themselves, towards the removal of guilt, may be learned from the Prophets of God. Thofe uncommonly dignified and highly commiffioned perfonages have declared, what indeed reafon itself clearly fuggefts, that there was nothing in the mere fhedding the blood of beafts, which could atone for the tranfgreffions of the perfon who fhed it, and recommend him to the favour of the Almighty. These institutions had respect to an higher and more important appointment of Providence, from which alone they derived all their merit and efficacy.

Neither is there more virtue and meritoriousness in that

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