to state, that very little anxiety was shewn to prepare provisions for the troops, of which negligence the general adduced various instances, particularly, that there were no camp kettles, these necessary articles being left behind, so that the men had no means of cooking their victuals after they received them. Sir Samuel Achmuty was then examined, whose evidence tended to confirm the statement of General Craufurd, respecting the little care taken to supply the troops with necessaries. Sir Samuel also detailed very minutely, the obstacles which impeded the march of the army— exposed to the most unfavourable weather, and terrified besides, by the difficulties of transporting artillery over a swampy country. He was of opinion, that the force, if it had been differently conducted, would have accomplished the reduction of the place. Sir Samuel Achmuty then gave an account of his operations in the streets of Buenos Ayres, from which it appeared, that the men were exposed to the most destructive fire of grape and musketry, from two guns planted in their front, and from the Plaza del Toros, where 1000 men were stationed. They were also attacked on the rear, and at length took shelter from the fire of the enemy, in a deep water course, which run through the street. Captain Fraser, Colonel Mahon, Lieut.-Col. Torrens, Bradford, Davie, and Nugent, spoke strongly respecting the difficulties of the country, and the little exertion made by General Whitelocke to overcome them. They also mentioned, that the town was never reconnoitered, nor no place of retreat fixed upon in case the attack failed. In support of the third charge, Major-General Gower deposed, that, until the morning of the 6th, General Whitelocke did not attempt to open a communication with the different corps of his army: at that period he was of opinion the enemy could not have made any serious impression on the army. The witness also stated, that, in consequence of having objected, on several occasions, to General Whitelocke's arrangements, he angrily replied, that he wished to throw cold water on every thing he did, and that he would supersede him in his command on the staff. Sir Samuel Achmuty, after a minute detail of the operations of the corps under his command, stated, that, during all this time, he was ignorant of the station or intentions of the commander in chief; at length he was informed, that the general in chief and General Gower were on the same ground they originally occupied; that the general was ignorant of the situation of any of the columns, and had sent him to procure what information he could. He then, after acquainting the general with the operations of the day, requested him to send him a reinforcement, and to make the post he occupied his head quarters; that he received a reinforcement of sixteen artillerymen, and was directed to defend his post, and assured that General Whitelocke would communicate with him next morning. The next morning a letter was received from General Liniers, containing an offer of allowing the troops to evacuate Buenos Ayres and South America in six months. By noon, General Whitelocke and General Gower came to the Plaza Del Toros, and, on being asked whether the terms ought to be accepted, Sir Samuel Achmuty gave his opinion that they ought. He then stated, that he was induced to accede to such terms owing to the deplorable and helpless situation of the troops, more than half their original numbers either killed, wounded, or prisoners; no hopes of reinforcements, the enemy elated with their success, and the British depressed and without confidence, and exposed, without any kind of protection, to all the inclemencies of the season. Brigadier General Lumley then gave an account of the operations of the corps under his command; and concluded with stating, that the force, if it had been properly directed, was sufficient for the reduction of the place. General Craufurd deposed, that, in obedience to his orders, he occupied the convent of St Domingo; that he was then informed, that the 88th, and various other bodies of our troops, had surrendered; that, being summoned to surrender himself, he peremptorily refused; that he endeavoured to extricate himself, from his situation, but the fire from the houses was so fierce, that in five minutes he lost forty-five men; in this situation, after mature deliberation with his officers, he agreed to surrender. Hestated that, on learning the station of the commander in chief, he replied, that he thought it a very unbecoming station, and that he had no place appointed for his retreat. On the 28th day of the trial, March 5th, the evidence for the prosecution closed, and the court, to allow General Whitelocke time for his defence, adjourned to March 14th, on which day he was called on for his defence. General Witehlocke commenced his defence. Before entering upon the immediate subject of enquiry, he made a variety of preliminary observations, in which he first stated, the satisfaction which he felt in being at length permitted to claim the attention and indulgence of the court. He had long looked forward to this opportuuity of explaining his conduct in South America, and the causes which led to the result which constituted the subject of the investigation in question. The disappointment of his hopes had prepared him to meet a strong land general feeling corresponding with his own, the natural and almost necessary attendant upon public disappointment. But feeling conscious that he had zealously endeavoured to perform his duty, it was with surprise and mortification that he found opinions in his prejudice entertained in higher quarters, and that calumnies, injurious to his character, had been made the subject of official discussion. On the great charge of not having sent instructions, orders or reinforcements to the several persons commanding columns after the check had been suffered, he owned that he had not sent any orders; that the disaster had come upon him unexpectedly, and that he had not re/sources. With respect to the giving up Monte Video, that charge was totally unsupported by evidence; he had acted with the concurrence of officers, and from an obvious necessity. A great and important expedition had failed, and as no difficulty could have existed as to the selection of particular events and facts which led to this failure, little did he expect that he should have been called upon to recollect and defend every act, every order, every expression, and almost every thought, not of himself only, but of others-every detail 14 however minute---in short, as the prosecutor had avowed and stated, not merely the causes which prevented the reduction of Buenos Ayres, but his whole conduct in the expedition. Still less could he have supposed that the protection of the court was necessary to prevent a prosecutor, educated in legal habits, from pursuing him even to his private moments, and requiring his secretary to state all the conversations that in the confidence of their relative situations had passed between them; and yet it was at this point only, that, through the interposition of the court, the prosecutor had stopped his enquiries. He entreated the court calmly to review the evidence, and to separate and throw aside the opinions as to his operations founded upon the experience acquired by misfortune, and not upon any thing that was or could be previously known, upon which alone he could have acted, and upon which he was to be judged. He would put it to the members of the court, who had commanded important expeditions, whether any long train of military operations, however successfully terminated, could stand the test of such an inquiry as had been instituted into the present, He most earnestly entreated the attention of the court to these and a variety of other less important general observations; that they would bear them in mind, as applicable to many observations which he should have to make upon the evidence in detail. General Whitelocke then expatiated at great length on the implacable hostility of the inhabitants, and concluded with censuring the conduct of several of his officers. General White bore honourable testimony to the character of General Whitelocke, for abilities and couVOL. I. PART. II, rage, when the judge advocate summed up the evidence for the prosecution, commenting, with great force, on the testimony of the various officers who had been examined, as confirming beyond the possibility of doubt, the charges preferred against General Whitelocke. The court then adjourned to the next day, Wednesday the 17th, when they came to a final determination. The sentence was laid before his majesty the following Wednesday, and on Thursday morning, Colonel Gordon, secretary to his royal highness the commander in chief, communicated officially to Lieut.-Gen. Whitelocke, the sentence of the court martial, as approved by his majesty, of which the following is a copy: The court martial having duly considered the evidence given in' support of the charges against the prisoner, Lieutenant-General Whitelocke, his defence, and the evidence he has adduced, are of opinion, that he is guilty of the whole of the said charges, with the exception of that part of the second charge which relates to the order, that "the columns should be unloaded, and that no firing should be permitted on any account." The court are anxious that it may be distinctly understood, that they attach no censure whatever, to the precautions taken to prevent unnecessary firing during the advance of the troops to the proposed points of attack, and do therefore acquit Lieutenant-General Whitelocke of that part of the said charge. The court adjudge, that the said Lieutenant-General Whitelocke be cashiered, and declared totally unfit and unworthy to serve his majesty in any military capacity whatever. The king has been pleased to confirm the above sentence, and his roy D al highness, the commander in chief, has received his majesty's command to direct, that it shall be read at the head of every regiment in his service, and inserted in all regimental orderly books, with a view of its becoming a lasting memorial of the fatal consequences to. which officers expose themselves, who, in the discharge of the important duties confided to them, are deficient in that zeal, judgment, and personal exertion, which their sovereign, and their country, have aright to expect from officers entrusted with high commands. To his majesty, who has ever taken a most lively interest in the welfare, the honour, and reputation of his troops, the recent failure of South America has proved a subject of the most heartfelt regret; but it has been a great consolation to him, and his majesty has commanded it to be intimated to the army, that, after the most minute investigation, his majesty finds ample cause for gratification in the intrepidity and good conduct displayed by his troops, lately employed on that service, and particularly by those divisions of the army, which were personally engaged with the enemy in the town of Buenos Ayres, on the 5th of July, 1807; and his majesty entertains no doubt, that, had the exertions of his troops in South America, been directed by the same skill and energy, which have so eminently distinguished his commanders in other quarters of the world, the result of the campaign would have proved equally glorious to themselves and beneficial to their country. By command of his royal highness the commander in chief, HARRY CALVert, Major-gen. and Adj.-gen. of the forces. 21st. STOCKHOLM.-The court of Stockholm has published an answer to the Danish declaration of war, in which the alliance of Denmark with France, and her subserviency to her new ally are alledged to be the true reasons for her hostility to Sweden. The pretexts brought forward by Denmark to justify her war with Sweden are there reviewed and shewn to be equally absurd and false. In answer to the charge of preserving a total silence respecting the attack on Copenhagen, it is maintained by the Swedish court that England did not invite Sweden to take part in that expedition, nor even mentioned it to her, till the moment when it was to be carried into execution. The alliance of Sweden with Britain is then noticed, and the displeasure and jealousy of Denmark on that account are imputed to an ignorance of the true grounds of the connection between the two countries, since it is purely defensive, having nothing in view hostile to any other nation. In proof of which, it is mentioned that Britain, at the request of Sweden, acceded most readily to the neutrality of the Baltic---which state of things Denmark is desired to compare with that wished by Russia and France, PLYMOUTH. On the afternoon of the 14th instant, as the Emerald frigate was standing along the coast of Spain, on her way to the squadron off Ferrol, she discovered a large French schooner coming out of Vivero. All sail was immediately made in chase; the schooner, on discovering the frigate, put about and returned to Vivero, and ran on shore at high water, under the protection of two batteries. Captain Maitland immediately hoisted out his boats, and sent them to take the batteries, and destroy the schooner, under the orders of the first lieutenant (Burton,) with the assistance of the marine officers, with the marines of the frigate, and a party of seamen volunteers. They landed and took possession of two batteries, the one having eight eighteen-pounders, the other seven nine-pounders, without any loss. They spiked the guns, and then went on to the schooner, which was about two or three miles off; one of their boats had gone on to take possession of the vessel, which they did without any difficulty, for the Frenchmen had left her; and another boat, with a party of men, under Lieutenant Smith, took possession of a fort on the other side, that was firing on them, so that they had full possession of three forts and the schooner, with only one or two wounded. On the first lieutenant getting to the vessel, he found her fast on shore; but supposing the tide to be flowing, (in which he was unfortunately mistaken,) he sent one boat to the frigate for an anchor and hawser, hoping, as the tide flowed, to be able to haul her off. This gave time for the inhabitants, assist ed by the crew of the vessel, to collect in great numbers; and night coming on, they attacked the schooner. most furiously, under cover of the bushes and rocks, and from the heights, much above the schooner, which gave them every advantage. Our seamen thought it best to stay by the schooner (for had they landed, they would have been overpowered by numbers,) and wait for the tide floating the vessel off. It would have been well if they had destroyed the schooner at once, and returned to their ship; but we are truly sorry to say, that an over,anxiety to get her out caused the loss of some brave men. Nine fell on board of her, and fifteen were wounded, all by musketry, from enemies they could not see: when finding no hopes of getting the vessel off, they set her on fire, and returned to their ship.The lieutenant who commanded the party, with the two officers of marines, are among the wounded. The poor fellows who were killed found a grave in the ashes of the schooner, who blew up soon after our people left her; and thus ended a most gallant, but unfortunate expedition. COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL.Mr Samuel Dixon, after a motion he proposed for an address to his majesty had been read, remarked, that at a crisis so singularly interesting as the present, it became the duty of the whole nation, to address the sovereign in language and sentiments, such as the motion expressed. Mr Dixon then commented on the acknowledged talents, and extreme pertinacity of the opposition, his majesty's ministers had to contend with, and concluded with observing, that he had endeavoured, in his address, to avoid any interference with party politics, and that he hoped, on that account, it would meet with a cordial and unanimous support. Mr Deputy Box seconded the motion. The Recorder then read the motion of Mr Dixon, which in substance was, That an humble address be presented to his majesty, assuring him of our loyalty and attachment to his person and government, and that it was indispensably necessary for every individual to call forth their united strength and energy to defeat the projects of our inveterate enemy. Mr Goodbehere said, the arguments of the worthy gentleman who |