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791. argumentum ingens, a wondrous device', argumentum meaning really the subject of a story, or picture, or device.

792. Inachus was also god of the Argive river of the name; so is here represented according to the common custom with urn pouring out the river, as though from a divine source.

794. densentur from denseo, found as well as denso.

Argiva pubes, the men of Ardea; for it was Argive colony (410), and Turnus claims Argive descent (371).

795. Sicani. According to Thucydides (VI. 2) the Sicani were of different origin to the Siculi, being two different races who at different times immigrated into Sicily; but the Latin poets wrongly identify them. The Siculi, whom Vergil here means, were according to an old tradition early in possession of Latium, whence they were pushed south into Bruttium, and at last went into Sicily, where they remained long in possession of the interior.

796. Sacrani, name of a people mentioned in old and obscure tradition as early invaders and conquerors of Latium.

Labici, men of Labicum, old Latin city at foot of Alban hills. 797. Numici, 150.

799. Circaeum iugum, 'hill of Circe', i. e. the promontory, see 10. Anxurus, adj. ‘of Anxur', old name of Tarracina, a few miles east of Circeii, where the Appian road meets the sea.

quis, old dat., see 742.

800. Feronia, old Italian divinity, originally Sabine, worshipped at Mount Soracte and other places as well as Tarracina. Her special province as a divinity it is difficult to make out. In VIII. 564 she has a son Erulus with three lives.

801. Saturae palus unknown, but plainly part of the neighbouring famous Pomptine marshes, caused by the overflow of river Ufens which reaches the sea near Tarracina.

[803-817. Lastly Camilla, the Volscian warrior-maiden, brave, agile, and beautiful.]

803. Volsca. The Volscians lived in the south hill-country of Latium, between the Trerus and the sea.

804. florentes aere, a bold phrase, scarcely translateable, say, 'troops gay in armour

805. illa, emphatic use of pronoun, 'she at least'; cf. IX. 796 : ille quidem hoc cupiens.

Minervae, as goddess especially of women's work, operum haud ignara Minervae, V. 284.

806. femineas adsueta manus, for constr. see 74.

807. dura pati, poet. constr. common in Augustan writers, imitated from Greek. So Horace, catus idem iaculari', 'celeremque pronos volvere menses'.

808. 'She o'er the heads of the uncut crop might have flown, nor harmed in her flight the tender ears; or poised in the swelling wave have taken her way through the mid-sea, nor wetted her nimble soles in the brine', a lovely adaptation from Homer, Il. XX. 226, where he says the mares of Erichthonios did so fly. Vergil with characteristic

refinement of thought and expression applies it to the graceful and swift warrior-maiden, and makes it potential.

814 attonitis inhians animis, open-mouthed with wonder'.

regius ostro honos, worked up after his manner, 'glory of royal purple' [ut, 'how'].

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815. fibula, clasp', a male ornament.

816. Lycia, famous for its archers, and so Lycius is a stock epithet for bows, arrows, quiver, &c.

Observe the fine poetic instinct with which Vergil ends the catalogue (in itself most skilfully used for his purpose of enshrining in his National Poem old names and traditions and places of the beloved land) with this beautiful and imaginative picture of the warrior-maiden.

A recent critic1, in a remarkable paper on Vergil, has made the suggestion, that in Camilla, whom the poet describes with such strange beauty and force, both here and in Book XI (648-835), we have his real ideal of womanly grace and devotion, rather than in the wild and passionate Dido, whose love the hero wins.

1 Mr F. Myers, in the Fortnightly Review, Feb. 1879,

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SCHEME OF THE USES OF THE LATIN SUBJUNCTIVE, WITH REFERENCES TO THIS BOOK.

I.

2.

OPTATIVE and JUSSIVE (Wish or Command)

(a) direct:

faciat! 'may he do it!'

(Opt.)

'let him do it'. (Fussive) [132, 265, 340, 435, 555-] [Past jussive: 'faceret or fecisset', 'he ought to have done it': no instance in this book.]

(b) indirect:

dic coeant 'bid then gather' [546]

(c) interrogative: [Deliberative or Dubitative]

I. direct: quid faciam 'what am I to do?'

2. indirect: nesciebat quid faceret 'he knew not
what to do'

FINAL (Purpose)

(a) with ut, ne, &c. :

vigilo ut legam, ‘I watch, that I may read ' [332]
oro ut abeas, 'I pray that you may go away

[so historic pres. with past sequence, 481.]

(b) with qui, ubi, &c. :

no instance

in Book VII.

mitto, qui faciat, I send a man to do it' [99, 258, 272, 348: ubi 776]

80

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE.

(c) with dum, priusquam, implying purpose:

maneo dum faciat 'I wait till he does it'

non abibo priusquam faciat 'I will not go away[no example] till he does it'.

3. CONSECUTIVE (Result)

4.

(a) with ut:

tantum est ut timeam 'it is so great that I fear' [no ex.] (b) with qui:

non is sum qui faciam 'I am not the man to do it' [654 dignus]

CONDITIONAL

(a) Principal verb (apodosis):

faciam or fecerim 'I would do' [558, 704]

facerem or fecissem 'I would have done' or 'have been doing' [808, 809, 810, 811]

[Those that have no Protasis, like all those above, are called POTENTIAL]

[irregular, with indic. Protasis, 311]

(b) Dependent verb (protasis)

si facias (feceris) if you were to do'

si fecisses (faceres) 'If you had done (been doing)'.} [no ex.]

5. CAUSAL

(a) cum: cum faciat 'since he does'

(b) qui: culpo te qui facias 'I blame you for doing') [no ex.]

(c) attendant circumstances: cum (impf. plupf.)

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cum faceret when he was doing' [495]

6. CONCESSIVE

(a) conjunctions: quamvis faciat 'though he does'

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(b) qui: is qui iuvenis sit, novit tamen, though [no ex.] young he knows'

7. ORATIO OBLIQUA

(a) statement: actually, dixit se quod vellent facturum 'he said he would do what they wished [766]

virtually, irascor quod facias 'I am angry on the ground [alleged or felt] that you do it' [no example.]

(b) question [including exclamation.]

nescio quid faciat 'I don't know what he does' [38, 131, 207, 224, 642, 815]

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Acc. respect, 60

after passives, 74, 503,
(570 ?), 639, 668, 806
extent, 580

Gen. in -ai, 464

— equivalence, 317

after securus, 304
effetus, 440

Dat., agent, 412, 507
for ad and acc., 346, 776
Abl. abs. no partic., 261
-circumstances, strained, 284
- description, 789

- place, no prep. 12, 34, 134,
196, 269, 351, 460, 491
Locative, cordi, 326

distributive, 538

ferus, 489

genius, 136

heroic characteristics, 473

¿ consonant, 96

ille, use of, 110, 558, 787, 805
imbuo, 542

inconsistency, 123, 202, 423
incubo, 88

lituus, 187

local oracles, 82

lympha, 377

manu, 127

molior, 127, 158, 290

mos, 377

MOODS

Indic. pres. vivid, 359
historic, 363

-

-

- impf. -ibat, 485

- perf. emphatic, 413
Subj. jussive, 132, 265, 340,

-

-

435, 535

- jussive, indirect, 546

hist. pres. past sequence,
481

final ubi, 776

after dignus qui, 654

Condit.,

311

Indic. Protasis

- subordinate clause to Peti-

tion, 427
Infin. after adj. 807
- historic, 15, 78
after fateor, 433
impero, 35

ago, 393

pres. with memini, 206
acc. and inf. led up to,
255, 390, 470, 578
with nuntius, 436
paro, 429

propero, 57

Participle, completing verb, 287

past aorist, 382

passive of rumpo, 459

manus extrema, 572

misceo, 704

nam, elliptical, 598

namque, 122
nautical expn., 27

AEN. VII.

6

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