Multiple Stressors: A Challenge for the FutureCarmel Mothersill, Irma Mosse, Colin Seymour Springer Science & Business Media, 2007/08/20 - 484 ページ Ecotoxiclogical risk from multiple stressors covers any situation where org- isms are exposed to a combination of environmental stressors. These include physical and chemical pollutants as well as other stressors such as parasites and environmental impact (e. g. , climate change or habitat loss). The combi- tion of stressors can result in increased risk to organisms (either additive or synergistic effects) or decreased effects (protective or antagonistic effects). The multiple stressor challenge is an international, multi-disciplinary problem requiring an international, multi-disciplinary approach. The c- rent approach to multiple stressors is to examine one stressor at a time and assume additivity. Little work has been done on combinations of stressors such that potential interactions can be determined. The problem is very complex. Multiple stressors pose a whole spectrum of challenges that range from basic science to regulation, policy and gove- ance. The challenges raise fundamental questions about our understanding of the basic biological response to stressors, as well as the implications of those uncertainties in environmental risk assessment and management. In addition to the great breadth, there is also great depth in the research ch- lenges, largely due to the complexity of the issues. From a basic science point of view, many of the mechanisms and processes under investigation are at the cutting edge of science — involving new paradigms such as genomic ins- bility and bystander effects. |
目次
Challenges in Radioecotoxicology B Salbu and L Skipperud | 3 |
The Involvement of Pollution with Fish Health Brian Austin | 13 |
Effects of Ionizing Radiation Combined with Other | 31 |
Ecotoxicology How to Assess the Impact of Toxicants | 39 |
A Laypersons Primer on Multiple Stressors | 57 |
Effects of Multipollutant Exposures | 73 |
Methodology of SocioEcological Monitoring | 90 |
Role of Genetic Susceptibility in Environmental Exposure | 103 |
Redox Proteomics A Route to | 295 |
Exposure Assessment to Radionuclides | 309 |
Radiation Oxidative Stress and Senescence | 324 |
Sensitivity of Irradiated Animals to Infection | 335 |
Features of Somatic Gene Mutagenesis | 343 |
State of Ecosystems at Longterm Contamination | 350 |
Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive | 359 |
Steppe Soils Buffer Capacity and the Multipollution Impact | 373 |
RadiationInduced Genomic Instability in | 139 |
Evolution Processes in Populations of Plantain Growing | 155 |
Clastogenic Factors Bystander Effects | 171 |
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Regulatory Systems Relevant | 185 |
Genetic Aspects of Pollutant Accumulation in Plants A Kilchevsky L Kogotko A Shchur and A Kruk | 225 |
Radiation Risks in the Context of Multiple Stressors | 235 |
Protection by Chemicals against RadiationInduced | 247 |
Considerations for Proteomic Biomarkers | 263 |
Genetic Effects of Combined Action | 270 |
Cytogenetic Biomarkers for Exposure | 287 |
Cancer Risk Assessment in Drinking | 381 |
Enhanced Adsorption of Atrazine in Different Soils | 390 |
Problem of Microelementoze and Technology Allowing | 405 |
Molecular and Cellular Effects of Chronic | 429 |
Modeling the Best Use of Investments for Minimizing | 440 |
Past and Present Responses Oleg Udovyk | 449 |
Nuclear Pollution Exposure and Risk Assessment | 466 |
Round Table Discussion Summary | 483 |
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accumulation activity analysis animals antioxidant apoptosis apoptotic aquatic associated atrazine Belarus Biol biological biomarkers bystander effect cancer risk cellular changes chemical Chernobyl accident chronic compartment complex concentration contaminated cytogenetic decrease disease DNA damage DNA repair ecological ecosystem ecotoxicology endothelial cells environment environmental enzymes evaluation exposed exposure fish free radicals frequency function gene genetic genomic instability heavy metals HPV-G cells human immune impact increase induced influence interactions ionizing radiation irradiated cells irradiation laccase low dose male mechanisms melanin meristem mice micronuclei molecular Mothersill multiple stressors mutagenic nuclear offspring of irradiated organisms oxidative stress parameters pathways plant pollution population processes protection proteins proteomics radiation-induced radionuclides radium rainbow trout receptor redox region regulation response risk assessment samples senescence signal somatic species substances THMs tion tissues toxic Toxicol transgenerational Ukraine uncertainty zenkor