There are four minor canons, six lay-vicars, and eight choristers two services-choral daily, at 10 o'clock, A.M., and 3 o'clock, P.M., and monthly celebration of the Holy Communion. The capitular revenues were, in 1852, 10,0007.; and the expenditure on the fabric in fourteen previous years, 74797. The library contains 1100 vols., the Textus Roffensis 1120, and Custumale Roffense, A.D., 1320. The palace is Danbury Court, Chelmsford.

Among the bishops occur Putta, who on his deposal went about Mercia teaching plain song; St. Paulinus; Gundulph, the architect; Arnulph, the compiler of Textus Roffensis; Walter, the lover of the chase; Galeran, compelled to take his pastoral staff from the altar of Canterbury in sign of subjection; Glanville, whose exactions compelled the monks to coin the silver shrine of St. Paulinus; Walter de Merton, the keen huntsman, Lord Chancellor, and founder of a college at Oxford; John de Shepey, Lord Chancellor; munificent Rotherham; Russell; Lord Chancellor Alcock, founder of Jesus College, Cambridge; Cardinal Fisher, who escaped poisoning by his cook to die by the executioner his life cost him by the scarlet hat, which Henry swore he should carry on his shoulders, for he should have never a head to wear it: Ridley, burned at the stake; Young, who refused Norwich, saying it was a hard seat for an old man since the base Scambler took away the cushion-its revenues; ambitious Neile; brave and generous Warner; Sprat, the wit and time-server; eloquent Atterbury, Garth's "Urim," the Jacobite who proved the faithlessness of princes, of whom Lord Bathurst said his enemies were like wild Indians, "who think to inherit the goods and abilities of the man they kill;" Pearce, who vainly implored to be relieved of his mitre, saying every wise man would desire an interval of repose to prepare to die; and learned Horsley, the staunch opponent of the slave trade. One cardinal, Barnard, bishop of Raphoe, and T. Plume were canons. The best palfrey, the best cup, and the kennel of the bishops in their diocese became in old time the property of the primate.

Arms: Arg. on a saltier, gules, the letter R of the field.

St. Asaph.

ST. ASAPH, formerly Llan-Elwy, "the Church of the Elwy," though of unpretending dimensions, has all the effect of a Cathedral; seated on the brow of a gentle slope, with the village-city clustering below, in the vale of Clwyd, watered by the rivers Clwyd and turbulent Elwy. At the entrance of the valley is Rhuddlan Castle, the scene of an ancient battle, still commemorated in the air of Morva Rhuddlan, and of a Parliament in 1283; the resting-place of Richard II. on his way to Flint, 1399: and in 1850 distinguished by the meeting of the Eisteddfod. In the street is a mark on a black stone, which the folks say is the print of the hoof of St. Asaph's horse when he leaped hither from Onan Hassa two miles distant, a legend resembling that of the Magdetreppe of the Hartz. From its situation on the great road for the march of armies, the church was constantly exposed to loss and injury during war; and as their goods escheated to the Crown, the bishops never made wills, but the best clothes, horse, book, falchion, knife, ring, and purse of every beneficed clergyman fell to the bishop, until the time of Fleetwood. The ground-plan of the church is cruciform: it was built by Bishop Anian II., in 1284. He had threatened King Edward I., to whom he had been confessor in Holy Land, with a ban the king replied by confiscating his temporalities and burning his cathedral in 1282. In 1490, after having lain eighty-eight years in ruins, having been burned by Owen Glendower, 1402, because Bishop Trevor revolted from Richard II. to Henry Bolingbroke, Bishop Redmayne roofed it anew, set up the east window and choir-stalls, which are traditionally said to have been carved by an idiot, and repaired the tower. The exterior is very simple and plain. The NAVE of five bays and TRANSEPTS are Decorated; the west window is of six lights and elegant in form. There is no triforium. The clerestory of the nave has small square apertures, with portions of ancient tracery. The CHOIR is modern Per

pendicular, by J. Turner, 1783. Bishop Owen added the pulpit throne and stalls in 1631-5. Bishop Short, in 1849, set up two good stained glass windows. There are two couplets and one triplet on each side of the CHOIR, which was extended under the tower in 1833. The east window, 27 ft. by 18 ft., which was rebuilt in 1744-5 and in 1780, is a copy of that of Tintern Abbey; it was glazed by Egginton, in 1780, after a picture of Albano. Good Decorated windows are in the TRANSEPT and WEST FRONT, and in each face of the short square TOWER, which is embattled, and has on the north-east angle a turret, square staircase, and one bell. The SOUTH TRANSEPT, once the LADY CHAPEL, forms the chapter-house; the NORTH WING is occupied by vestries. The vaulting of the CHOIR is plaster; the central TOWER, of one story, commands a view of the whole sweep of the vale of Clwyd, the grand mountains beyond, and the Irish sea. The organ was built by Hill in 1831, and the Cathedral is noted for giving sonorous effect to music.

From the arms of silence, list, oh, list!
The music bursteth into second life;
The notes luxuriate, every stone is kissed

By sound or ghost of sound in mazy strife,
Heart-thrilling strains, that cast before the eye
Of the devout a veil of ecstacy.

The spectator will hardly fail to be sensible of a regret, when he looks at such poor feeble Cathedrals as St. Asaph, Bangor, Llandaff, Oxford, or Bristol, that, in their place, cannot be transposed the magnificent churches of Beverley, Christchurch, Tewkesbury, Sherborne, St. Mary Overy, St. Alban's, and Selby, now mere parish churches, and destitute of the solemn services once celebrated daily within them. The first sermon in Welsh was preached March 6, 1630, by Rev. Morris Jones, a vicar-choral, in the parish church.

The chief monuments are those of

S. W.pier of the Tower.-Bishop David Owen, altar-tomb, effigy, 1512. Under the Lantern.-Bishop Griffith, d. 1666.

Before the W. Door.-Bishop Isaac Barrow, d. 1680, with the inscription: "O ye who pass by into the house of the Lord, the

house of prayer, pray for your fellow-servant that he may find mercy in the day of the Lord." Felicia Hemans, (who lived at Bronwylfa and Rhyllon).

South Transept.-Dean Shipley.

North Transept.-Bishop Luxmoore, d. 1830, sitting effigy, white marble, by Tamouth.

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHURCH IN FEET.

The Chapter is composed of a dean and three canonsresidentiary, and ten cursal canons, four minor canons, six lay vicars and six choristers. There are two daily services, 10 A.M. and 3 P.M., which are choral on Sundays and twice in the week. Holy Communion is administered monthly and on great festivals. The library contains 1600 volumes; the income of the Chapter, in 1852, was 14087. Arms: Sa. two keys in saltier arg.

Among the bishops occur SS. Kentigern and Asaph; Geoffrey of Monmouth, the Welsh Herodotus; Anian, the Black Friar of Schonau; the Crusader John de Trevor, who pronounced Richard II's. deposal at Flint Castle; Edmund de Birkenhead, and Goldwell, who sat in the Council of Trent; Pocock, the Wickliffite; Davies, one of the translators of the Holy Bible; W. Hughes, who held with his see eight cures and nine sinecures ; Owen, who introduced sermons in Welsh; Griffith, the author of the Form of Adult Baptism; Isaac Barrow, the good Bishop of Man; Jones, the Simonist; learned Beveridge, the restorer of primitive piety, who would not accept Ken's see; Tanner, the historian of monasteries; Maddox, once a pastry-cook, who used to recommend tarts to his guests, "though not of his own making;" and Horsley. N. Marsh, Bishop of Ferns, was a canon.

The episcopal palace was rebuilt by Bishop Carey.

St. David's.

Most beautiful, most desolate,

It was St. David's ancient pile, chancel, nave, tower, and windowed

aisle,

And skirting all the western side a palace fair in ruined pride;
With storied range in order set, and portal, arch, and parapet,
There hiding from the haunts of men, in hollow of the mountain glen,
Religion's venerable hold, with wrecks and ruin manifold,
Burst full on the astonished eye, hoar in sublime antiquity.

THUS Sweetly does the poet describe the scenery of ancient Menevia, on the little river Alan, not a mile from the sea: from the broken cliffs of slate and granite adjoining may be seen, on clear days, the shores of Ireland. Once an archbishopric, the city is now only a hamlet, povertystricken and apparently deserted. The country on every side is wild, desolate, and barren; and in a ravine of the hills is set the Cathedral, buried in the shadows of its departed greatness. Ruins, shapeless heaps, unroofed walls, and mouldering remains of great extent, riven and strewn far and wide, render the scene profoundly gloomy and romantic, without meadow or tree, except a few gnarled stems and weather-beaten tops in the hollow. There is a bleakness and a chill about this secluded church oppressive and monotonous; in concord, however, with the wail of the wind sweeping along hills steep and sombre, and the dreary moaning of the restless Atlantic, beating against the iron-bound coast and bleak headland, like an eternal and powerless despair-all is inexpressibly melancholy, decay, and loneliness. Yet two pilgrimages to St. David's shrine were declared by Pope Calixtus equivalent to one visit to Rome, and now it is a rock deserted by the tide the tide of population ebbed for evermore. "On the east," says Defoe, "the hills darken the air with their height." It was here the Red King boasted—“I will bring all my ships hither and make them a bridge for my army," when he saw the dim outline of Ireland beyond. Prince Murdach, of Leinster, paused when the speech was