field, Bowet, Neville, and Lee; and Ulphus' horn of ivory, of the 11th century. He was Prince of Deira, and bequeathed his lands to this church, the tenure of which is secured by the possession of this relic, as the forest of Inglewood is by Henry II.'s horn at Carlisle, and the Pusey estates by Canute's horn. There is also here an ancient coronation chair. On August 11, 1617, King James I. visited the Cathedral, and finding St. William's monument destroyed, commanded that his bones, "which were large and long," should be preserved in the vestry. The Norwich Captain, in 1634, mentions here sumptuous church-plate lately given by the king, a gorgeous canopy, copes of embroidered velvet, cloth of gold, and tissue of great value and worth; and “St. Peter's chair, wherein all the archbishops are installed, two double gilt coronets, the tops with globes and crosses to set on either side of his grace, which are called his dignities."

The chief monuments are:

Lady Chapel.-Archbishop Frewen, effigy; Archbishop Matthew, effigy; Archbishop Sharp, 1713, mitred effigy.

N. Aisle.-Archbishop Sterne, 1683, mitred effigy.

S. Aisle.-Archbishop Bowet, a superb canopy with three lofty tabernacles, mutilated by the fire, 1829; Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, d. 1695, statue of the earl and his wife; Dr. Burgh, by West

macott; Archbishop Scrope, beheaded 1495, table-tomb, the sides quatrefoil.

Presbytery, S. Aisle.—Archbishop Lamplugh, d. 1691, mitred effigy, with a pastoral staff, standing; Archbishop Hutton, d. 1605, effigy recumbent; Archbishop Dolben, 1686, standing mitred effigy; Archbishop Savage, d. 1507, effigy under a panelled arch, with a screen; Archbishop Harsnet, effigy, in a cope and alb, mitred, and with a pastoral staff, brass.

N. Transept.-Prince William de Hatfield, d. 1344, effigy and canopy; Archbishop Greenfield, canopied tomb, 1315-the brass is one of the few surviving of 120 which in 1612 were entire; Dr. Beckwith, d. 1843, effigy. W. Aisle.-Treasurer Haxey, d. 1424, table-tomb of Purbeck marble and cadaver-on it to this day certain rents are paid; Archbishop Harcourt, d. 1847, recumbent effigy, by Noble.

S. Transept.-Archbishop Grey, d. 1255, canopy of two tiers of trefoiled arches, and effigy-the upper shrine-shaped story has crocketed gablets, the finials have sculptured birds, foliage enriches the spandrils and capitals of the eight slender shafts; Archbishop Kimton, d. 1264, table-tomb under a canopy of trefoiled niches.

Nave, N. Aisle.-Archbishop Roger. S. Aisle.-Memorial to Colonel Moore and the heroic soldiers of the Europa.

Choir, N. Aisle.-Two ancient stone coffins brought from Clifton; Charles, Earl of Carlisle, time of Charles II.; effigies of knights, Mauley, of the 14th century. S. Aisle.-Memorial of Parian to 33rd Regiment, 1859, by Richardson.

The burial-places of King Edwin, 7th century; King Egbert, 757; and Tosti, Earl of Northumberland, 1066, are not known.

The Chapter is composed of a dean and four canons. There are five minor canons, fourteen lay vicars, and ten choristers. There are two daily choral services, at 10 and 4, and celebration of the Holy Communion on all Sundays and great feasts. Since the time of Mason, the organist, the Nicene Creed has never been sung here. The library contains 8000 volumes. The capitular revenues in 1842 were 30417., the fabric fund, 21447., and the expenditure on the fabric since 1829 (including subscriptions 71,5907.,) was 106,5607.

or.

Arms: Gules, two keys in saltier, in chief a mitre

Among the primates of York occur SS. Paulinus, Chad, Wilfrid, and St. John of Beverley and Oswald; Aldred, who made the Norman invader kneel for pardon when his servants had been robbed by the king's sheriff; Thurston, who won the Battle of the Standard; St. William, who died from drinking a poisoned chalice; Roger, the enemy of à Becket; the gallant Geoffrey Plantagenet, Henry II.'s only affectionate child, and chancellor, the brave soldier who fought with Scot and Frenchman with distinction; Gifford, Lord Chancellor; De la Zouche, who took David Bruce and Melton prisoners in the battle of Beure Park; Thoresby, Lord Chancellor, who said to hear God's word in English was better than to listen to a hundred masses; Scrope, cruelly beheaded, whose coat of mail Henry IV. sent to the pope, saying, "See if this be thy son's coat or no." Bowet, Lord Treasurer, carried in a litter to battle against the Scots; Neville, Lord Chancellor, who for his pains in showing his treasures to Edward IV. was despoiled, and saw his mitre melted into a royal crown; Cardinal Rotherham, Lord Chancellor, founder of Lincoln College, Oxford; Savage, who delighted to wind the horn and listen to the baying of hounds at Scroby and Cawood; Cardinal Baynbridge, poisoned by his valet; Wolsey, who introduced the crown into the arms in place of the ancient pall; Heath, for whom the ungrateful Elizabeth suggested the use of torture when he was eighty years of age; Sandys; Hutton, who, as Elizabeth said, in his sermons "pinned her shroud about her face;" Matthew, the punster; Monteigne, who suggested 'his preferment to James I., who asked him what was the greatest act of faith." Say, Sire, unto this mountain, Be thou cast into that sea;" Neile, who burned a heretic for the last time; Williams, the pluralist Lord Keeper, who was a diocese in his own person; Frewen, author of "The Whole Duty of Man ;" Dolben, who in Westminster Abbey, when the preacher fell ill, continued the sermon in all its heads and divisions;

Sharp, who said he owed his mitre to an alternate study of the Holy Bible and Shakspeare; and Blackburne, the buccaneer. Among the dignitaries occur eleven cardinals, Thomas Stubbs, Elias Bishop of Auxerre, Theobald of Liege, John and Christopher of Elgin, William of Derry, and Bramhall of Armagh.

The archbishop's palace is at Bishopthorpe, the birthplace of Guy Faux.

IRELAND.

INTRODUCTION.

THE PERIODS OF IRISH ARCHITECTURE.

1. NATIVE or Celtic style, much anterior to the incursions of the Danes or the Norman Conquest :-Churches of small size, like a Roman basilica shorn of its apse; rude massive buildings oblong in plan, with triangular-headed small windows; pyramidal-shaped doors; and Cyclopean or Pelasgic masonry. This and the following style occupied the interval between the fifth and sixth centuries, and the year 1176. The early Scottish, Anglo-Saxon, and French churches of the sixth century were all parallelograms. It is remarkable that the Greek oblong temple, composed of a nave and shrine, like the Temple of Jerusalem, also consisting of oracle and nave, 116 ft. 3 in. by 37 ft. 6 in., and 58 ft. 1 in. in height, were both derived from an Egyptian original. The architect of the temple on Zion was of Tyre, a Phoenician colony; and while the legend of Cadmus, a Phoenician and the civiliser of Greece, denotes a correspondence between those countries, the commerce of Tyre with the western isles is boldly asserted by many writers. These early churches, rather oratories than capable of holding a congregation, range from 20 ft. to 60 ft. in length; they are aisleless, rectangular, have no apse, and are never found in a circular form; sometimes they are provided with a