Low, when the emperor, Henry II. claimed autho--not to render yourselves odious to mankind, but fity over Spain, and a council, where the king of to assist your countrymen, to rescue your king from Castile himself presided, discussed his pretensions, captivity: to restore to your government liberty, enthat hero refused to deliberate on such a demand, lergy and vigor; to preserve your own lives and those saving that the independence of Spain was estab of your children; to maintain the uncontroled right lished above all title: that no true Spaniard would of enjoying and disposing of your property and suffer it to be brought in question; that it should to assert the independence of Spain.-The time is be upheld with their lives; and that he declared come; the nation has resumed the sovereign authority himself the enemy of any man who should advise which, under such circumstances, devolves upon it.* the king to derogate in one point from the honor of Let us be worthy of ourselves. Let us perpetuate their free country! They reminded them of the the renown of our fathers.-If she ren ains firm baseness, the perfidy and the cruelty which they and constant, Spain will triumph. A whole people had already experienced from that proud tyrant is more powerful than disciplined armies. Those who arrogates, said they, to himself the title of who unite to maintain the independence of their arbiter of destinies, because he has succeeded in country, must triumph over tyranny. Spain will oppressing the French nation, without recollecting inevitably conquer in a cause the most ust that that he himself is mortal, and that he only holds has ever raised the deadly weapons of war; for she the power delegated to him for our chastisement. fights, not for the concerns of a day, but for the Had he not, under the faith of treaties, drawn security and happiness of ages; not for an insolated away their soldiers to the Baltic? Had he not, in privilege, but for all the rights of human nature; the character of a friend and ally, marched his not for temporal blessings, but for eternal happitroops into the very capital, and made himself ness; not for the benefit of one nation, but for the master of the frontier fortresses, then robbed them benefit of all mankind, and even for France herof their king and the whole of their royal family, self. Humanity does not always shudder at the and usurped their government? What if they sound of war, the slow and interminable evils of perished in resisting these barbarians?" It is slavery are a thousand times more to be abhorred; better," said they, "to die in defence of your there is a kind of peace more fatal than the field of religion and independence, and upon your own battle, drenched with blood, and strewed with the native soil, than to be led bound to slaughter, and bodies of the slain. Such is the peace in which waste your blood for the aggrandizement of his the metropolis of Spain is held by the enemy. The ambition. The French conscription comprises most respectable citizen there is exposed to the you. If you do not serve your country, you will insolence of the basest French ruffian; at every be forced away to perish in the north. We lose step he has to endure at least the insult of being nothing; før, even should we fail, we shali have eved with the disdain of the conqueror towards the freed ourselves by a glorious death, from the intol- conquered. The inhabitants of Madrid. strangers erable burthen of a foreign yoke. What worse as it were, and by sufferance in their own houses, atrocities would the worst savages have perpetrated, cannot enjoy one moment's tranquility. The pubthan those which the ruffians of this tyrant have lic festivals, established by immemorial custom, committed? They have profaned our temples--they the attendants on religious ordinances, are consihave massacred our brethren-they have assailed dered as pretexts for insurrection, and threatened our wives ;*-more than 2000 of the people of with being interrupted by discharges of cannon.Madrid, of that city where they had been so hos The slightest noise makes the citizen tremble in the pitably received, they have murdered in cold blood bosom of his family. From time to time the enc for no other cause than for having defended their my run to arms, in order to keep up the terror imfamilies and themselves. To arms! to arms-no pressed by the massacres of the second and third foreign nation could ever lord it over us when we of May. Madrid is a prison, where the jailors resisted as we ought. Will you bend your necks to take pleasure in terrifying the prisoners, for the the yoke? will you allow yourselves to be insulted purpose of keeping them quiet by perpetual fear. by injuries the most perfidious, the most wicked, But the Spaniards have not yet lost their country! the most disgraceful-committed in the face of the those fields, which, for so many years, have seen whole world! will you submit to the humiliating no steel except that of the plough share, are about, slavery that is prepared for you! To arms! Fly to amid the splendor of arms, to become the new arms-not like the monster who oppresses you, to cradle of their freedom!-Fly then to the field of indulge an insatiable ambition; not like him, to vio-honor!-Life or death, in such a cause, and in late the law of nations and the rights of humanity, such times are indifferent. You who return will be received by your country as her deliverers ! and *When Murat addressed his proclamation to the French before they entered Madrid, recommending to them the "utmost friendship towards a nation We have uniformly thought on this subject which had treated them so kindly on their march, that it would have been well for this unfortunate which was allied to them, and which deserved their people, if they had preserved the authority which Friendship!" he thought it necessary, in warning| reverted to them upon the dereliction of the royal them against any excesses, to speci y. that all family. There is something absurd in the present soldiers found guilty of violation should be shot, plan of using the name of Ferdinand, who is proThe French armies are above all others infamous bably as base a sycophant as any of the wretches Br this worst species of atrocity. Kuttner says, he that fawn upon Bonaparte. Besides, there is never heard so much of this crime as in Styria, nothing in the old king or the young king worth when he passed through that country two years become equally contemptible. fighting for, and the nobility and priesthood had The chains of rotafter the treaty of Leoben. The excesses committed by Bonaparte's soldiers were, then rememten monarchy are probably riveted upon them Bered with the greatest horror; and the peasants again, and they have lost a glorious opportunity of expressed the bitterest indignation against their establishing a government, calculated, like our own, own government for having prevented them from to secure the true rights and real interests taking arms. humanity. you whom heaven has destined to secure, with your which has been admitted as a friend, either by in blood, the independence of your native land-the discretion or timidity, or perhaps by a vile treason honor of our women-the purity of our holy faith which serves to give an authority that cannot easily -you will not dread the anguish of the last mo-be esteemed legitimate.-Who appointed the serene ments. Remember what te is of grateful love will duke of Berg lieutenant governor of the kingdom? be shed over your graves-what fervent prayers will-Is it not an appointment made at Bayonne by an be sent up for you to the Almighty Father of mercies; affectionate king, worthy all the respect and love who will hear such supplicatious, and grant you of his vassals, but who is in the hands of persons your reward of glory. LET ALL SPAIN BECOME imperious through the ascendance which they have A CAMP; let her population become an armed host: gained over his heart, and the force and power to let our youths fly to the defence of the state, for the which he is subjected? And is it not a deceitful ilinson should fall before the father appears in the ranks sion to name for lieutenant-general of this kingaom of battle; and you, tender mothers, affectionate the commander of an army which threatens it, Did wives, and fair maidens, do not retain within your and immediately to abdicate the crown? embraces the objects of your love, until, from vic-Charles IV. wish to return to the thione me.ely tory returned, they deserve your affection. They to take it from his son? And was it necessary to withdraw from you not to fight for a tyrant, but name a lieutenant, who by his authority, and by a for their GOD, for a monarch worthy the venera military force would impede every effort which tion of his people; for yourselves and for your com-might be made to avoid the consummation of a proI doubt whether, not only in panions. Instead of regretting their departure, ject of this nature. like the Spartan women, sing ye the song of jubi-Spain, but in all Europe, there can be found one sinlee! The noble matrons, the delicate maidens, cere person who would not cry out in his heart even the austere religious recluse nuns, must take against such extraordinary, and, to say no more, a part in this holy cause: let them send up their such suspicious acts." prayers to Heaven for the success of our under- This letter from a venerable prelate in his seventytaking, and succor, in their domestic economy, third year, could not be read without shame by those the necessities of their warlike sons and brethren." who still hoped or affected to hope, for any amelio. Their popular faith as well as their patriotism was ration in the state of Spain from Bonaparte,--for aroused. They were told to implore the aid of the the bishop, addressed the emperor himself, as if he immaculate conception, of Santiago, so often the really possessed those talents for legislation, and patron and companion in victory of their ancestors; that philosophy and benevolence, to which he lays of our lady of battles, whose image is worshipped claim, represented to him how impossible it was to in the most ancient temple of Covadonga, and who do good for a nation by enslaving it;-how strongly had there so signally assisted Pelayo in the first all his proceedings towards it bore the character of great overthrow of the Moorish invaders. The fire usurpation and violence; and he besought him, flamed the brighter for this holy oil for superstition; whatever might be the disorders of Spain, not to but it was kindled by a noble pride, and brave persist in applying remedies to her in fetters, as she shame and indignation; by the remembrance of was not mad. what their forefathers had been, and the thought of Among the persons who had accompanied Ferdiwhat their children were to be. While these lead nand to Bayonne was DoN JOSEPH PALAFOX, the ers thus eloquently availed themselves of the popu youngest of three brothers, of one of the most dislar faich they called upon the clergy for those sacri-tinguished families in Arragon. He was about thirty fices which the circumstances of the country ren- four years of age, had been all his lite in the Spani h dered necessary." Venerable orders of religion," guards, without ever having seen actual service; said they, withhold not the supplies which are re-and at Madrid, where his time had principally been quired for the support of the common cause. If your past, was distinguished for the splendor and fashion eivic virtues did not impel you voluntarily to of his appearance At the revolution of Aranjuez, offer this assistance, your interest would extort it; he was selected to be second in command, under for your incorporation sanctified by authority, the Marquis de Castellar, to whose custody the your political existence,-the possession of your Prince de la Paz was committed: and had Palafox property,-your individual security,-all depend been present when that wretch was rescued from upon the issue of this war. But Spain this day the justice of his country, it is probable he would receives from those her favorite sons, proofs of their not tamely have submitted to resign him. From affection and gratitude, for the riches she has bes Bayonne he escaped in the disguise of a peasant to towed, and the splendor she has conferred, for her his country scat near Zaragoza. The captain-gepious generosity, and her ardent zcal, in sustaining neral of Arragon, Guilliamah, was a traitor, and the religion and the customs of their fathers,”—And attempted to disarm the people; they seized him to the honor of the clergy, no men exerted them and threw him into prison; and the inhabitants of selves more strenuously in the common oanse; Zaragoza, and of the neighboring villages, cona conduct the more praiseworthy, after the submis ferred the government, by acclamation, upon Pala. sion of their primate, and the infamous part which fox. The neighboring provinces of Navarre and the inquisition had taken.-The bishops of Oviedo Catalonia were possessed by the French, the passes and Santander distinguished themselves by their of the Pyrenees, leading directly into Arragon, were zeal and activity in Asturias and Biscay; and the open, and Murat, with the main body of the French venerable bishop of Orense, when summoned to ai my, was on the other side at Madrid. Thus surattend Murat's assembly of notables at Bayonne, rounded by the enemy, and in a defenceless city, replied to the junta in a letter of mild and dignified the walls and gates o: Zaragoza, being merely for remonstrance, which had scarcely loss effect than the purpose of levving the customs, Palafox declared the most animated military proclamation. In Na-war against the French. The regular troops which poleon, he said, Spain saw, or she thinks she sees he mustered amounted only to two hundred and the oppressor of her princes and of herself. She twenty men, and the public treasury could furnish looks upon herself as enchained and enslaved, when him with more than two thousand reals, a sum happiness is offered to her. More than is worked not equal to twenty English guineas. The procla by artifice, is done by violence, and by an army mation which he issued (May 31) was distinguished they, we declare with the understanding and accordance of the Spanish people.-By the same declaration, they made it known that they had contracted an armistice with England, and that they hoped to conclude a lasting peace. (TO BE CONTINUED.) by its boldness. He declared "the French empe-, and against France, in the name of Ferdinand and ror, all the individuals of his family, and every of all the Spanish nation, protesting that they French officer and general, personally responsible would not lay down their arms till that emperor for the safety of king Ferdinand, his brother any restored to them the whole of their royal family, uncle that should the French army commit any and respected the rights, liberty and independence robberies, devastations, and murders, either in Ma of the nation which he had violated. This, said drid or any other town, no quarter should be given to any of them: that all the acts of the present go vernment, and the transactions at Bayonne, were illegal, null and void, and had been extorted by violence, that whatever might be done hereafter, by the royal family in France, should, for the same reason, be accounted null; and that all who took an active part in such transactions should be deemed traitors to their country. If any violence should be attempted against the lives of the royal family, If any reflecting American can take up he declared that the nation would make use of their field's book entitled, ** Observations on the commerce elective right in favor of the arch duke Charles, of the American States," published in 1783, and exas the nephew of Charles III. in case the other amine his prognostics, suppositions and say-sos, as heirs should not be able to concur." This procla- to the future and then existing situation of our mation was not less remarkable for the prophetic country, without laughing outright at his absurdisuspicion which it expressed of some of those in ties, he must possess a small portion, indeed, of the whom the nation had confided, and who held the spirit of Democritus. The book was made for the Lord Sheffield. lord Shef supreme power in their own hands. "They," he purpose of reconciling the British nation to the loss of said, had been the first to form traiterous connec-a purpose exceedingly well, perhaps got his ordship tions with the enemy of the country, and to work their colonies, and, foraught we know then, answered its ruin. Thirst of gold made them view its destruc- a pension. But on reading it,-secing his nobility tion with indifference; though now, perhaps, when made us dependent (nay, nearly swore, we should the resolution of the people was known, they might forever continue to be so) upon his country for alchange their purpose, affect a zeal for the right most every article our necessities or luxuries decause, and endeavor to shake off the yoke which manded, I was rather surprised that his lordship did they themselves hadt ied to impose upon their coun- not include tobacco, potatoes and Indian corn among try by means the most iniquitous. "Should I be the things we should be compelled to import from mistaken," said Palafox, "time will discover the England," at least for many ages!"—to use one truth. As for myself," addressing the Arragonese, of his favorite terms. my life, which can only be of any value to me as far as it can promote your happiness and the pros. perity of my beloved country, is the smallest sacri fice I can make for the many proofs of confidence and love with which you have honored me. My mind is neither able to harbor treachery, nor to as sociate with those who cherish and protect it." On the 26th of July last, at the "great wool fair in Leeds," his lordship presided, and made his annual report--stating, in substance, as follows: That the manufactures in Wiltshire, Somersetshire and Gloucestershire, and their neighborhoods, are in general employed, and, as it is called, at fair work, on the finest Spanish wools. Catalonia and Navarre, were in the possession of That, though no considerable quantities of suthe French every where else the insurrection perfine cloth had been exported to foreign countries, broke out. The captain-general of Grenada was they were actually scarce, from the great consumpdeprived of his command, for endeavoring to suption of them by British subjects. press the public spirit. At Carthagena a similar That the foreign wool imported in 1810, amountrevolution was effected. Count Florida Blanca, led to 10,921,000 lbs. the greatest importation ever at the age of fourscore, came from the retirement known except in 1807. where he had designed to pass the remainder of his That the official value of woolen goods exported days in peace and piety, to proclaim Ferdinand in in 1810 was £5,774,214—exceeding the value of the Murcia and hoist the standard of independence.-exports of 1809 by £350,000-and that the annual The people of Valencia burnt the paper which had average value of woolen goods exported for forty been stamped in Murat's name,-stopped several years back was no more than £4,662,523. chests of money which were on their way to Ma- That the exports of cloth to America in the early drid, and elected the count of Cervallon for their part of that year were very great, in anticipation of a governor. In this state of things, it was necessary renewal of the non-importation law. that there should be some seat of actual government, That the East and West India demands were the to which the nation could look, and this rank was same as usual; but that very little business was occupied by Seville. The inhabitants of Seville doing with Germany, Holland and the North of assembled in arms, (May 27) and, by virtue of that Europe. right which was inherent in the people, called upon That it was demonstrated as good wool could be the constituted authorities to appoint a supreme raised in England as could be imported-he, thereboard of government. The choice fell upon men fore, proposed that a duty of Is. per lb. should be able, enlightened and truly patriotic, who instantly laid on all foreign wool; this would have produced began their work with zeal and wisdom. Their la revenue the last year of £516,500. first measure was to establish in all the towns with- That the scarcity of gold arose chiefly from the in their jurisdiction, containing 2000 house-holders, corresponding juntas, who were to enlist all the inhabitants between the ages of 16 and 45, and em body them.-Funds were to be raised by order of the supreme junta, on all corporations and rich in dividuals, and above all, by voluntary contributions. They declared war against the emperor Napoleon importation of grain and wool-that the deficiency of grain in 1796 brought on the bank restrictions in 1797-that the annual average value of grain imported, from that year to the present, amounted to seven millions of pounds-which, with the foreign wool received, caused an unneccwury yearly drain of ten millions per annum. His lordship goes on, and says— chandize but through this country, and that the unit. "I fear some of these details will appear supered kingdom can get every article of the American fluous, but they are necessary to justify and explain states' produce or merchandize fall as good and some conclusions that I mean to draw from them :-cheap, from other countries." "That the demand for woolens for the home Though his lordship's fine theories and positive market is not diminished, but probably much in-assertions are cut up by the roots by the simple obcreased, and that the export of them is much in-servation of the wool buyers, we are content to let creased also. them pass for what they are worth, without any “That, comparatively, with the whole amount of comment. But we regret to see such miserable the manufacture, the demand for foreign countries stuff re-published in an American paper with strong with which we are now at war, was not considera-marks of approbation, and recommended to the ble. perusal of our members of congress! It is notorious that Sheffield is among the most rancorous enemies we have in Europe; understood as hostile to us in every particular; and eagerly embracing every occasion to speak falsely of us and our coun"That speculations in foreign wools, and the ex-try, as is shewn in all his works. He never wil travagant variations of price, have deranged the forgive us our "rebellion"-would fetter our trade trade and manufacture of that article; but those by every means in his power; and seems as though wools being now reduced to their former price, and he would move heaven and earth to check our the manufacture of them being principally for the prosperity. home market, there is little doubt of its being re stored to its former state. "That it is not the decay of the manufacture, or the want of demand for it, but difficulties respecting money and the great stock of wool in hand, that occasion the debasement in price. Newspapers. "That the scarcity of gold is not to be attributed merely to the war, to the particular conduct of the Thomas' " History of Printing" gives a list of enemy, nor to the hostile and unfriendly conduct the newspapers published in the United States, in of the American states, but in a great degree to bad the commencement of the year 1810.-Of these, poliev in our interior management. N. Hampshire has Massachusetts Rhode Island "That through the want of a due encouragement of agriculture and the cultivation of waste lands, this country has paid during the last 15 years, con- Connecticut siderably more than £10,000,000 sterling yearly, for Vermont grain and wool, which might have been raised in New York the united kingdom. Pennsylvania 12 Virginia 24 38 North-Carolina 10 7 South Carolina 10 11 Georgia 13 14 Kentucky 17 6 14 1 10 66 Tennessee 71 Ohio⭑ 1 "That the great import of grain in 1796, occasion-Delaware 2 Indiana Territory ed a drain of gold, much more than foreign subsidies, Maryland 21 Mississippi Territory and in a great degree brought on the bank restric New Jersey 8Orleans Territory tion in 1797, and that the value of grain imported Dist. of Columbia 4 Louisiana Territory in the years 1800 and 1801, amount to £19,000,000 In all 364!!-Of these, 19 are duplicates (being sterling. country papers;) 9 were published before the revolution: 25 are daily; 16 thrice weekly; 33 semiweekly; 262 weekly; 8 are printed in German: in French; 2 in Spanish; 158 Republican; 157 Federal, and the rest neuter. That large quantities of gold coin are not necessary to commerce, as appears from the exam ple particularly of Holland and Scotland, which countries had a very small quantity of coin in their most flourish ng state. "That the restoration of confidence is more wanted than any other circumstance to promote the woolen manufacture." The meeting appeared very much satisfied with the report. We venture to say, that no country in the world presents such a number and variety of public prints. This is the fruit of that free and elective govern ment which distinguishes the United States. The number of newspapers pr nted in England is also very great. It is collected from the records of the stamp office, which must give rather above than below the real extent of the circulation. From The wool buyers acknowledged the fairness and ED TO THE NON IMPORTATION LAW OF THE AMERICAN STATES. In 1790, there were published, 1791, 14,035,659 14,794,153 15,005,760 In the year 1808, there were published in London, Lord SHEFFIELD insisted Daily morning papers, "that the home consumption, and the export trade, Daily evening papers, being both increased, there was no ground for a Three times a week, reduction of the price given of late years for the On Sundays, South Down wool, except that of the market being Once a week, on other days, France, or the wrongheadedness of a party in the American states, it will not be general. The people Total in England, Ireland and Scotland of that country will not go naked through their af 9 7 9 17 19-61 98 35 19 213 We have formed the succeeding estimate of the fection to the French, or enmity to this country. It newspapers annually published in the United States, "does not ap ear, he said, that they can get clothing for the purpose of contrasting it with the statement from any other country at present, nor will it be pos of the number published in England. sible for them, for a long time, to manufacture suffi ciently for themselves; and this is most certain, that The first settlement in this state was about the year they cannot get payment for their produce or mer 1788. The preceeding calculation is formed on reasonable data-and is rather under than above the number actually printed in the United States, every year. To which should be added, to aid the comparison, an estimated number of supplements and extras, all of which, issued from the British press, are liable to the stamp duty, and therefore computed; but not taken into view in the foregoing aggregate. Do. tanned Do. horse Guanaco wool Hellebori Pultis (Helebore) Tortoise shell. 33} 341 66 5,919 barrels 1,529 boxes 271 2,971 bales 100lbs. boxes of 100 lbs do. It results, that in the United States there are published 364 newspapers, for a [white] population of about 6 millions of souls--and, in Great Britain and Ireland, 213, for 16 millions. From the Ameri can press, making an allowance for supplements and extras, there are annually issued, at least, twenty-six millions of newspapers; from the English press about fifteen millions-for, though the calculation of the latter is as far back as the year 1792, there are many reasons to believe (among them, chiefly, the great advance of their prices, and the increased of more than twenty millions of dollars-besides The above imports have been estimated at a valuc difficulty of the people to obtain a livelihood) that which, $27,400,341, were received at the customthe number of newspapers printed in England has house, in specie; making a grand total of nearly not been augmented since then. fifty millions-to this aggregate should be added We recollect to have seen, sometime since, an estimate of the number printed in France, and should many millions in specie and goods, clandestinely re be glad to annex it--but that estimate was formed ceived by individuals. long before Bonaparte's gothic decree respecting the press, and would be unapt to the present times. South America. Congress. A writer in the Fredonian has introduced the following table to give a comparative view of the num From the following account of arrivals at Cadiz, ral states, by the census of 1800 and 1810--supposber of senators and representatives from the seve in the year 1809, from South America, and list of the ing the present ratio (33,000 inhabitants to a reprecargoes of the vessels. some general idea may be sentative) will be retained. obtained of the immensely valuable product of that extensive country. But in forming a mental esti-New Hampshire,. Senators and Representatives in 1800 1810 mate, it ought to be considered, that during this Vermont, time many of the provinces were in a state of revo- Massachusetts, and Maine, lution, or actual revolt, from the mother country, Connecticut, and that, in others, the state of Spain herself, un Rhode Island, certain, as she still is, of her destiny, must have New-York, forbidden that free and unreserved intercourse New Jersey, which, in more peaceable times, it must be suppo- Pennsylvania, sed, would have existed. Delaware, From Laguira there arrived at Cadiz, in the year Maryland, 1809, 39 vessels; Buenos Ayres, 29; Cumana, 6; Virginia, Havana, 71; Vera Cruz, 43; Port Cavello, 9; North Carolina, Carthagena, 7; Santa Martha, 1; Porto Rico, 9; South Carolina, Lima, 6; Oronoke, 1; Santiago de Cuba, 2; Georgia, Guayana, ; Maricaibo, 6; Mantanzes, 4; Guatamala, 2;-making in all, 230, many of which were exceedingly large and burthensome-in all which was imported Block tin Fustic |