Austrian Statistics. tion. 1796 2. The Netherlands &c. 1802 5. The Buckowine meria. 7. Croatia and Dal matia. 8. Saltzburg and Ber- Revenue, in dollars. rarlberg Totals Anterior to the famous treaty of Pilnitz, and the first war against France, by which that country was to have been partitioned among the royal conspirators as Poland was, the dominions of the house of Austria were designated as follows :1. The whole circle Square Popula- |. of Austria, containing miles the archduchy of Austria, the duchies of Styria, Carinthia, Carni ola, the Tyrol and Vorarlburg, Friul, the ter ritory of Triest, Saltzburg, and some other small states 2. The kingdom of Bohenria 3. The marquisate of Moravia 4. The kingdom of Hungary 5. Austrian Silesia. 6. Do. Netherlands 7. Lombardy [Italy] 8. Illyria, with Istria, &c. 9. Transylvania 10. The Buckowine 11. Gallicia and Lodomeria [Poland] 12. Slavonia 44,528 5,200,000 17,163000 15,376 2,806,493 6,216,000 6,3361,256,240|1,943,600 92,13611,551,007 16,244,426 If these statements may be depended upon, there remains to Austria, 131,740 square miles, 15,519,023 inhabitants; and a revenue of $31,999,573. Since the first war against France, the former Venetian territory east of the Adige, with the capital city, was ceded to Austria by France, in exchange, but, as it has since been lost to her, no notice is taken of it. Miscellaneous. A NOVEL PROCESSION.-At the Berkshire cattle 59,5366,300,000 9,002,153 show in Pittsfield, (Mass.) a procession was formed 12,928 1,330,000 1,200,000 16,800 1,250,000 1,970,000 10,000 250,000 274,000 13. Croatia & Dalmatia 8,000 770,000 14. Principality ofSwabia 1,600 200,000 Sixty yoke of prime oxen, connected by chains, and drawing a plough held by Charles Goodrich, Esq. and Mr. Nathaniel Fairfield, being the two most aged farmers present. on the other. Farmers of the country carrying a flag, repre37,000 3,905,297 6,000,000 senting a sheaf of wheat on one side and a plough 600,000 A large stage drawn by oxen, carrying on it a 350,000 large broad cloth loom, with a flying shuttle and a spinning jenny of 40 spindles-both of these machines in actual operation by skilful workmen. 226 87626 970030 48,244009 Mechanics of the country carrying a flag, repreBesides those enumerated there were some smallsenting a ram on one side, and a shuttle on the other. states or territories which are generally included in A large stage drawn by horses, carrying on it the estimates to which they seemed most properly various specimens of Berkshire manufactures, to belong. among which were a number of rolls of broad cloth, 66 Total It was well observed by a late writer that the rolls of sail duck, handsome rose blankets, mus geography of Germany is the most perplexed of kets, &c. with the flags of the United States and of any region in the globe." After a whole day's this commonwealth, displayed on it. hard labor, we are tempted to cast our work under Officers and members of the Berkshire Agrifoot; so contradictory and confused were the cultural Society, with heads of wheat (being the various statements to which we referred, though badge of the society) in their hats. some of them are of late date, and apparently The whole was attended and regulated by the worthy of cred't. In several instances we have marshal of the day on horseback (Mr. Sheriff Lartaken the liberty to judge for ourselves; and form-ned) together with four deputy marshals, all mounted estimates from the circumstances and facts as ed on white horses, and carrying the badges of they appear before us and, on the whole, are their office. The members of the Pittsfield band of tempted to conclude that the preceding schedule is, music accompanied and enlivened the procession. perhaps, as correct as any other. A number of premiums were awarded by the By the several wars with France, Austria has lost Berkshire Agricultural Society, according to prethe following countries-being severally annexed to vious regulations. the French empire or attached to some of the new made kingdoms of Italy, Bavaria, Saxony, West-The revenue stated to be received from these counphalia, Wirtemburg: the grand duchy of Warsaw, tries appears too great for the population compared &c. as we shall attempt more particularly to describe with the others districts. It is true, they contain on some future occasion when speaking of these mineral productions of great value, which materiall states. affect it, and may produce the given aggregates. The society have also resolved to pay certain premiums upon household manufactured woolen cloths, to be exhibited in January next. SEA TURTLE. Comets are solid bodies like our earth; they perform their revolutions in vast ecliptic orbits, which brings them nearer to the sun in one part of their revolution. Whenever they approach the sun there are fine streams of light, which seem to issue A few days since, a curious sea turtle, whose di- from the body of the comet in the form of a tail, mensions were minutely taken under the eye of and are considered to arise from the intense heat Dr. Samuel Mitchell, was caught about 30 miles they receive from the sun. These tails diminish as S. E. of Sandy-Hook, and brought to New-York. the comet recedes from the sun, and finally disapWhen struck with a harpoon he took a slanting pear. seumí. DIMENSIONS. Length from the extremity of the snout to the end of the tail, 7 6 direction and soon run out all the line to which it The comet that appeared in 1680, in its nearest was made fast, and came well nigh to take the boat approach, came within forty-nine thousand miles under. It is a Testudo Cariaria or Leather tortoise, of the sun's body: at which time the heat of the a native of the East Indies, and the first seen on sun on the comet must have been 2000 times hotter our coast, He very soon died in consequence of than red hot iron. No substance that we are achis wound; but was purchased for Scudder's mu-quainted with in our world could have endured such a degree of heat. Its tail at this time measured more Feet Inches. than 80,000,000 of miles in length. We may calcu late that this comet is now beyond the planetary system, on its way through the vast expanse, till it shall arrive to the amazing distance of 10,000 millions of miles beyond the orb of the planet Saturn, at which distance it will arrive in the year |1967, and then begin its return forwards to the sun again. Some of the ancients concluded that the comets were so many hells to torment the damned, by the extreme vicissitude of heat and cold;91-2 but we know not but these opaque bodies may be habitations for rational creatures suited to such 7 1-2 climes. Length of the buckler between the neck Length of the fore fin, Length of the neck and head from the buckler, 8 0255 and tail, 5 Girth of the body, 8 Circumference of the buckler, 13 Do. do. fore fin at the joint, 2 8 3 1 What an august idea does it give of our system! vet if our sun with all the planets belonging to the 101-2 system were to be annihilated, they would no more be missed by an eye that could take in the whole universe, than a grain of sand taken from the sea shore. Let us then in the language of inspiration, cry out "What is man, that thouart mindful of him." [N. Courier. 5054 0 10 0 91-2 0 51-2 His weight when taken was supposed to be rising 9 cwt. but from the loss of blood previous to his death, he weighed only 8 cwt. THE COMET. Time whose wheels are constantly rolling for ward, has brought to our view a comet of our system, which perhaps has been for hundreds of years flying with inconceivable velocity through the vast fields of ether, millions of miles beyond the ken of mortal sight. It is in our meridian, and about in our zenith at 12 o'clock, and nay be seen in the N. W. about 7 in the evening. Its tail at present may be computed at 781,000 miles in length, and is constantly increasing as the comet approaches the sun. MISSISSIPPI. Though the following is not of a late date, its value is not, on that account, diminished-the nature of the facts it communicates, justly entitles it to a place in the REGISTER. PORT GIBSON, (Natches,) Dec. 8th, 1809.-The senior class of the school,, near port Gibson, proceeded to the Mississippi on the 28th ult. to measure the quantity of water that descends that river in a given time. They constructed a graphometer with so great a radius, that they ascertained angles to the fraction of a minute, and a log line, with which they measured the velocity of the stream. The position they took was about a mile and a half below the Grand Gulph where the river was $376 feet wide and never swells above its banks.They sounded the bottom seven times and as often took the velocity of the current. The greatest depth was twenty fathoms, and greatest velocity not quite three miles an hour. The quantity that descends here in a minute is 673,400 tons, and 40,404,000 in an hour. If these respective numbers be multiplied, [by 2,44, &c. the quantity will arise which descends The human mind, uncultivated with science, is at the common height of the annual inundations; hurried with a thousand emotions, when they view on the supposition that the velocity is then accumuthis uncommon blaze of light streaming through lated one-third, and the depth thirty feet greater. the azure concave. But few of us now living They then proceeded to the Grand Gulch, to have ever had an opportunity of seeing one of those measure an abyss which strikes the distant navigator splendid orbs of Heaven's architect though it with dread, But in the present stage of the waters is understood there are twenty-one comets be-it is stripped of all its terrors. Above, the stream longing to our system, which perform their removes easterly with a velocity of three miles an volation round the sun in every direction in longer hour at right angles against a high bluff of soft, and shorter periods. However only three of the above imperfect stone; whence it results at an angle of have been calculated to any degree of certainty, sixty-one degrees through a contracted span of two Republicans. county Federalists. 4 Montgomery 2 4 Calvert 4 Charles 2 St. Mary's 4 4 4 Worcester 4 Dorset Kent Somerset thousand feet, to the western shore; hence the Maryland election.-The following is the state of accumulated waters seek an equilibrium by a retro-parties in the House of Delegates, lately elected. gade current in a wide semicircular basin on the east. The eddy on the west, is feeble, and scarcely Harford perceptible. The line between the two currents is Baltimore (city) distinctly marked by the perpetual ebullition of the conflicting waters. The basin is seventeen fathoms Anne Arundle deep, is covered with innumerable small vortices, Annapolis (city) and has a velocity of one mile and one and a half Frederick an hour, which is greatly increased by the swell Washington of the river. In the Grand Gulph, however, there Cecil is nothing but the name formidable to the navigator. Queen Ann's The bluff is here two hundred and sixteen feet Talbot high, the direct channel is forty four and a half fa- Caroline thoms deep, and the whole bed of the river of solid Dorset rock. While the Mississippi therefore is every Alleghany where else perpetually receding from one bed and forming another, it has probably flowed on the same here for ages and will for ages to come. Delaware election.-The legislature of this state is composed, as usual, of six federalists and three republicans in the senate, and 14 federalists and 7 Michael Keppele, Esq. is clected mayor of Philarepublicans in the house of representatives. At delphia, vice Robert Wharton, Esq. declined. the late election the average majority for the federal ticket, in Lisbon is really stuffed with American produce, if extracts of letters" are to be believed. On the 7th of September last, there were at that port, for sale, 170,000 barrels of flour; 720,000 bushels of corn; 300,000 bushels of oats; 800,000 bushels of barley; 30,000 barrels of rye meal; 25,000 barrels corn meal, with great quantities of biscuit, beef, pork, sc. We have no intelligence, since our last, from the armies in Spain and Portugal. Wellington's head quarters were at Fuentes Guinaldo in Spain-reinforcements are constantly arriving from England. It is said that John Quincy Adams has declined to accept his appointment to the bench of the supreme court of the United States. We learn that the Spanish commandant of Mobile has received positive orders from the captaingeneral of Cuba to refuse a passage to armed vessels, or powder belonging to the United States. If the attempt is made, as we claim a right to the free navigation of the Mobile river, it may justly be presumed the Spaniards will be expelled from the ter ritory. A new road is to be opened by the United States appears in this number, is rather tedious and uninThat portion of the manifesto of Caracas which troops on the S. W. frontier, from Baton Rouge to teresting-yet it is one of those matters which ought Fort Stoddart. The distance from Fort Stoddart to to be registered :-the latter part is full of animation Tennessee, is 280 miles; to Fort Hawkins, 359 and spirit; and details some important things. The miles, to Milledgeville, Geo. 360 miles. expose of the French empire is an article coming so immediately within our plan, that, though some the newspapers, we could not refrain from inserting parts of it have already been published in many of document so necessary to direct our judgment as to the state of that country. The commissioners appointed by the legislature, at their last session, to view the northern and southern turnpike routes from Harrisburgh to Pittsburgh, on the 4th instant, deposited their report, a with a correct draft accompanying the same, in the office of the secretary of the commonwealth, by which they have unanimously established the south [Phil. pap. We have occasion to present our thanks to the usual number of new subscribers received during the last week. The continued accession to our list has induced us to commence re-printing the first numbers, though we have yet a few complete setts which will be sent to new subscribers. Gentlemen designing to use the perfect liberty allowed them The Boston Patriot mentions-that a genleman, by the terms of the prospectus, and relinquish the a few days since, in paying his first instalment to the work, on or before the publication of the 13th numState Bank observed, "that the money (gold) had ber, are respectfully informed that a very liberat been in his possession ever since the siege" [of price will be allowed for the numbers received by Boston!] Middle do. It is said, that the country at present forming the territory of Orleans, lately authorised by congress to be erected into a state, is to be called WASHING TON. them, if sent to the office, (in good order) within two weeks of this date. We hope, and are flattered to believe, however, that few will quit us so soon, though we do not expect to please every individual Some communications will beneticed in our neate VOL. 1.J BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, ODTOBER 26, 1811. [No. 8. Printed and published by H. NILES, Water-street, near the Merchants' Coffee-House, at $5. per annum. A Manifesto Shakspeare-ENRY VIII. it solemnizes, the nullity of the one; must be inseparable from the want of force in the other; and By the confederation of Venezuela, in South Ameriif the violation of a sworn contract is considered, ca, of the reasons which influenced them in the criminal and obnoxious to punishment, it must be formation of an ABSOLUTE INDEPENDENCE of no less so to break good faith, the only bond of soSpin, and every other Foreign Power. Drawn ciety. The natural law which obliges us to fulfil up and ordered to be published by the General Congress of the United Provinces. (CONCLUDED FROM PAGE 110.) mate right of Ferdinand VII, without attributing to the contract any thing more than hostility to the liberty of the people, it invalidates itself, and the oath becomes void. our promises, and the Divine law which forbids us to call upon the name of God in vain, do not change the nature of obligations contracted under the effects The simple circumstance of men passing from of both laws which are so inseparable and simultaone country to people another, can give no right of neous, that the infraction of one, must necessarily property to those who have never left their homes nor suppose an infraction of the other; for ourselves exposed themselves to the fatigues and dangers of we call upon the Deity, to whose eternal justice emigration; if this were the case, then would and supreme will we submit the contract we have Spain herself belong to the Phoenicians, or the made, to bear witness to our promises, confessing Carthagenians and their descendants; and all the our full belief in his power to avenge their violation. nations of Europe would change proprietors accord-With these principles it becomes necessary to ing to the necessities and caprice of man. The analyse the conditional oath by which the the con maternal character assumed by Spain with regard gress of Venezuela promised to maintain the legiti to America, is a still greater abuse of moral right: it is well known that, in the order of nature, it be comes the duty of the father to emancipate his son when, at the expiration of his minority, he is enabled by the use of his faculties and reason to procure a We have at length seen, that, at the impulse of subsistence for himself; and that it becomes the the conduct pursued by the government of Spain, right of the son to exercise those faculties when the Venezuelans arrived at the knowledge of the ever the cruelty or improper management of the annihiliation of the tolerated rights of Ferdinand by father or guardian shall compromit or expose his the transaction of the Escurial and Aranjuez, and destiny: let these principles be compared with the those of all his house by the cession and abdication three centuries of our filiation with Spain; and it at Bayonne; from the demonstration of this fact, she can prove herself to have been our mother, if it necessarily follows that the oath, which, besides will still remain to be proved that we are yet minors. being conditional, could not be in force longer When Spain awakened the doubt of the rights of than the contract to which it was annexed as an adthe Bourbons or any other dynasty to dominion in ditional link, must be null and void. To preserve America, it appeared the Americans were relieved the rights of Ferdinand was all that Caracas profrom the allegation of reasons against so unfounded mised on the 19th April, while they were ignorant a principle; but the representative body who de- whether he had lost them;3 and though they might clared their independence of all foreign sovereignty, be preserved with respect to Spain, it nevertheless imposed upon Venezuela a conditional oath of alle- remained to be shewn whether by them he could giance to Ferdinand VII; being anxious to leave cede America to another dynasty, without their nothing to conscientious scruples, ignorant preThe knowledge which, in spite of the tences, or the malice of resentful ambition which oppression and suspicion of the intrusive governcould discredit or enfeeble a resolution adopted with ments of Spain, Venezuela acquired of the conduct all the deliberation proper to its great importance. of the Bourbons, and the fatal effects which this It is evident that the conditional oath, of which conduct tended to produce in America, have formed we speak, is only an auxiliary support to the vali- a body of irrefragable proofs, from which it must dity and legitimacy of the contract, ratified by it appear that, Ferdinand having no right, the preser and if there is nothing in the contract itself to ren-vation of it which Venezuela promised, as well as der it null, we may trust that the Deity whom we the oath which accompanied the promise, must fall invoked by that oath, will not refuse his aid in the to the ground.* Neither the Escurial, nor Aranjuez, nor Bay accomplishment of our promises; since the obliga consent, tion to accomplish them is founded upon a maxim onne were the first theatres of the transactions of that law instituted by the Divine Author himself. It would be an insult to his wisdom to suppose that 3 Judico caret juramentum incautum. Div. vol the Almighty would sanction our vows, were they 22, question 88, art. 3. Si vero sit quidem possibile repugnant to those natural laws which he enacted fieri; sed fieri non debeat, vel quia est per se malum, for the happiness of mankind; or that he could vel quia est boni impeditivum, tunc juramento deest feel any interest in multiplying our duties, to the justitio,et ideo non ést servandum. Id. art. 7. prejudice of natural liberty. But when a new 4 And thou shall swear, in truth, in judgment, obligation is added by the oath to the contract which and in righteousness. Jeremiah, chap. 4, v. 2. I which stripped the Bourbons of their rights over, their own private resentments: the emperor of the America; the fundamental laws of the Spanish French took advantage of them, and when he had dominion in this country were infringed at Basle got under his arms and his influence all the family and in the court of Spain-5 In violation of one of of Ferdinand with various Spanish nobles, he causthein Charles IV. ceded the island of St. Domingo ed the son to restore the crown to his father, and to France, and tranferred the allegiance of Loui-the latter to renounce it in favor of himself, that it siana to the same nation; these scandalous infrac-might be given in safe keeping to his brother Joseph. tions were an authority for the Americans, and for Venezuela was ignorant of all this when the the whole posterity of the Columbian people, to emissaries of the new king arrived at Caracas. The take back the oath of obedience which they had innocence of Ferdinand in comparison with the inonly lent to the crown of Castile, as they still re-solence and despotism of the favorite Godoy, was the served the right of protesting against the imminent motive of their conduct and the rule by which the danger which menaced the integrity of the monar- Auctuating authorities of the 15th of July, 1808, chy in both worlds, by the introduction of French were governed; and between the alternative of detroops into Spain previous to the journey to Bay livering themselves up to a foreign power, or of be onne; summoned, no doubt, by some of the Bourhon factions to usurp the national sovereignty in ing faithful to a king who appeared unfortunate and favor of some intruder, foreigner or traitor; but persecuted, ignorance of the true interest of the country triumphed, and Ferdinand was acknow these events being out of the course we have pre-ledged, under a persuasion that by this means the scribed to ourselves, we shall return to the justifi- unity of the nation might be maintained, that it cation of our conduct since the year 180S. The transactions of the Escurial in 1807,are known to all; but there may be some perhaps ignorant of their effects. It is not our intention to enquire into the discord which was introduced into the house and family of Charles IV.; it has been attributed by turns to England and France, and both governments have their accusers and defenders; as little is it our might be secured from the oppression which threatened it,and that a king of whose virtues, wisdom and rights we were erroneously impressed, might be redeemed. Ferdinand, unable to come at the crown, incapable of governing America, and under the chains and influence of a hostile power, became from that moment a lawful but unfortunate prince, it was thought a duty to acknowledge him, his heirs purpose to speak of the match made up between and delegates as they had the audacity to call themFerdinand and the daughter-in-law of Bonaparte: selves, returned, and profiting by the fidelity of the the peace of Tilsit: the conferences at Erfuhrt: the Spaniards in both worlds, the intrusive governsecret treaty of St. Cloud: or the emigration of the house of Braganza to Brazil. Our present ob-ments that had usurped the sovereignty, began to ject is the journey of the Escurial, by which Ferdi- tyrannize anew over the people in the name of a nand VII. was declared traitor to his father, Charles chimerical king; while the mercantile Junta of Cadiz sought to exercise dominion over America. IV. A hundred pens and a hundred presses, publishSuch were the antecedents and the consequences ed at the same time in both worlds, his perfidy and of an oath which, given under the pure dictates of the pardon which his father granted to his prayers; but this pardon, as an attribute of sovereignty and of a generous sensibility, was now cast in our teeth, paternal authority, relieved the son from corporal punto perpetuate the evils which a dear-bought expe rience of three years, had shown us were inseparable ishment only; the king his father had not the pow er to dispense the infamy, and the disability which from this fatal and ruinous compromise. Instruct the constitutional laws of Spain impose upon the ed, as we were, by the long series of insults, vexatraitor, not only from obtaining the regal dignity, tions and ingratitude we had suffered from the 15th but even the meanest civil employment. Ferdinand July, 1808, to the 5th July, 1811, it was time to abandon a talisman, which continued to heap upon could never be king of Spain, nor of the Indies. The heir of the grown was reduced to this con- us all the evils of doubt, suspicion, and discord. dition, till the month of March, 1808, when the The rights of Ferdinand and their lawful represehcourt met at Aranjuez, and the frustrated project tation on the part of the intrusive government of of the Escurial, was commuted by the partizans of Spain: fidelity and the obligation to compassion Ferdinand to insurrection and mutiny. The public and gratitude on ours, were the two favorite reExasperation against the minister Godoy, served as a sorts alternately employed to keep up our illusion, pretext to Ferdinand's faction, indirectly to convert devour our substance, prolong our degradation, to the advantage of the nation what was, no doubt, multiply our evils, and prepare us passively and designed with very different views. The having ignominously to receive the fate which was destined for us. Ferdinand VII. was the watch-word of tyemployed force against his father: the not having availed himself of his pardon the having excited ranny in Spain and America. the people to mutiny, and collected them in front The distrustful vigilance, which the inconsisof the palace for the purpose of surprising it, ar-tencies, arts and falsehoods of those governments resting the minister and forcing the king to abdicate that so rapidly succeeded each other in Spain after the crown,far from giving him a right to it, has only the Junta of Seville, produced among us, at length served to augment his crine, aggravate his treason, rent the veil which concealed from our eyes the and confirm hus disability to mount a throne vacated snares laid for us. In this extremity the cortes Charles IV. outby violence, perfidy and faction. were tumultuously and hastily assembled to stop raged, insulted, and threatened with force, had no the torrent of liberty and ustice which was breakother part to take suitable to his revenge and honor, ing through all the barriers af oppression and ini than to fly to France to implore the pro: ction of quity in the New World; but it was still thought Bonaparte, in favor of his offended royalty. Un-that the habit of obedience and dependence in us, der the nullity of this renunciation at Aranjuez, all would be superior to the want of confidence which the Bourbons collected at Bayonne, contrary to the wishes of the people, to whose safety they preferred 5 The treaty of Basle, the 15th July, 1795. we had acquired at so dear a rate. It is inconceirahle by what fatal error Spain sur posed that the part of the nation beyond the ocean, born between the Tropics, had acquired a constitution for slavery in |