Valuation of all the real and personal proper ty in Great Britain 3,000,000,000 $13,320,000,000 Of Bank Dollars," as they are called, there were stamped and issued in 1797 2,325,099 1,419,484 1,073,051 1809, was 9,536,205 42,341,149 By Charles II. gold and silver was coined to the value of £7,524,105 By James II. 2,737,637 Some of the chief items of which were-. Anne 2,691,625 George I. management and re- 8,725,921 debt George II. 11,966,576 Army George III. be Ordnance fore Dec. 31, Miscellaneous services silver 56,473 1802 to Mar. 25, 2,226,000 1810 gold 22,445,258 j 122,683 A. D, 1660-equal to $532,459,730 Whole registered tons in the British REVENUE, TAXES, &C.. 2,549,683 The nett revenue, payable into the exchequer, for the year 1810, was The loans for the same year produced in addition Foor rates in England. 1810 £70,235,792 $311,341,695 £6,500,000 Amount of tythes in do. £5,000,000 The whole receipt of the clergy in England may be estimated at There are two archbishops & 24 bishops in England, whose re-. gular annual receipt is at least £120,000 In England and Wales there are nearly 6000 livings, as they are called, under £50 per ann.-of which 1071 do not exceed £19, and 1467, £20. The proportion of the land tax of Scotland, compared with that of England, is as i to 14-the landed property is estimated as 1 to 16and the wealth as 1 to 20. The nett revenue for Ireland, payable into the exchequer, for the year ending Jan. 5, 1809-was The loans for the same year produced £6,174,561 an addition of king's dominions, 1810, Were navigated by Total exports, same $59,922,777 year, £44,702,637 $198,513,008 ↑ ditto, 68,972,743 306,239,089 Imports, same year, do. 46,138,179. 204,809,103 $28,860,000 Amount of imports and do. $22,220,000 44,400,000 exports 115,180,912 511,403,649 12,577,517 56,954,175 13,500,000 60,940,000 532,800 produce or manufac- * There is an official value and a real value. As for instance, the official value of goods imported in 1809 is stated at only £27,509,400, though the real value is placed at 46,138,479, as above stated, on the $27,415,050 authority of a late ministerial writer. So as to the whole exports for the same year-the oficial value 24,019,292 was but £38,327,495, and the real value is estimated at £68,972,437. By these distinctions, politicians on both sides of the question, sometimes, even when telling the truth, lead us into gross errors, by giving the official value for one part of their statement and the real for the other, or vice versa, as suits their purpose. From the nature and design of the work $368,959,385 have full reason to believe the real value (as it is cal from which this part of our table is quoted, we led) is placed as high as it would bear; but have no document whereby to test its correctness. 2,466,998 53,133,461 + This is presumed, for sundry good reasons, to 4,732,276 21,001,347 include all the productions of the mechanic arts ne958,000 4,253,520 cessary to the ordinary wants of the people, as well as what is generally understood by the word mana 273,281 1,235,567 factures. MISCELLANEOUS. Members of the house or Commons- In 1793 it was estimated that twenty- Of which there came directly from Annual average from 1804 to 1808 658 Woolen cloth was never dyed and dress ed in England until the year 1667. The annual consumption of silk in the various manufactures, which is chiefly imported from Italy and India, has been estimated at 11,460 bales-of 140lbs. each-lbs. The stock has latterly been shortthe above estimate is for the year 1807. The annual consumption of cotton is about lbs. per ann. 1,604,400 65,000,000 Though a great deal of labor has been bestowed on this table, and perhaps, 200 references to various publications and statements made to ren der it correct, it doubtless has many errors; yet we believe it may serve to give a general idea of the 18,467,718 things therein contained as accurately as any other such table usualy does. In the details, it is proba 16,986,644 ble we may detect some of its imperfections. 6,260,000 *We are prepared to publish a similar table relative to France-and designed it for the present num £5,560,000 ber,but have been compelled to defer it for our next. General View. population and revenue of each History Of the Invasion of Spain by Bonaparte. Abridged from the most authentic sources. CHAPTER II. situation in which Ferdinand found himself on his assumption of the throne, they were delivered over, bound, as it were, hand and foot, to their treacherous enemies. at The ministers of the foreign courts all congratuhated the new king upon his accession, except the French ambassador, who declined it, because he First acts of Ferdinand VH-Murat enters Madrid had not been furnished with the necessary instruc -Bonaparte decoys the whole of the Royal family tions. Murat was at this time advancing towards to Bayonne.—Transactions there,till their compulsi Madrid with his army: nay, supposing, says Ce. tory resignation of the crown. vallos, that the royal family were already on the The first act of Ferdinand VII. was to re-appoint coast and on the point of embarking, and that the five secretaries of state, whose offices terminat the people would receive him with open arms as their ed with the former reign. Cevallos was thus con-deliverer, he conceived that the Spaniards were in firmed in the same situation under the son which the highest degree dissatisfied with their governhe had held under the father. The appointment, ment, and never reflected that they were only dishowever, he thought proper to resign; the reasons satisfied with its abuses. The occurrences which he alledged for so doing have not been made Aranjuez were altogether unexpected, and he public; perhaps he wished to withdraw as much as immediately hastened with his whole army towards possible from increasing difficulties and dangers, the capital to profit by the occasion, and take such against which there appeared no remedy; perhaps steps as might, by any means, make him master of some degree of unpopularity attached to him be. Spain. The approach of such an army, the silence cause of his connection with Godoy. The lan of the French ambassador, the mysteriousness of guage in which Ferdinand, by a public decree, Bonaparte and his journey to Bayonne, perplexed refused to receive his resignation, implies this. It and alarmed Ferdinand. He had immediately had been proved to him, he said, (March 21) that communicated his accession to the emperor in the thongh Cevallos had married a cousin of the most friendly and affectionate terms-fear could Pince de la Pax, he had never participated in the suggest no other. Lest this should be deemed inprojects of which that man was accused, into sufficient, he appointed a deputation of three which judicial enquiries had been instituted. This grandees to proceed to Bayonne, and compliment minifested in him a noble and loyal heart, and he him in his name; and another grandee was sent, was therefore a servant of whom the king would in like manner, to compliment Murat, who had not deprive himself. The whole of Godoy's pro- already reached the vicinity of Madrid. This perty was pronounced to be forleited, and the king worthy agent of such a master was fully in the announced his intention of speedily coming to the Emperor's confidence; he assured Ferdinand that metropolis to be proclaimed, expressing, however, Bonaparte might be every moment expected; and his wishes that the inhabitants would previously he spread this rumor on all sides. Orders were give him proofs of their tranquility, since he had therefore given for preparing apartments in the Communicated to them this most efficient order palace suitable for such a guest; and the king, against the late favorite. By the same proclama- whose fears made him restless, wrote again to tion, the Duke del Infantado, a nobleman of the Bonaparte, saying how agreeable it would be to him highest character, was appointed to the command to become personally acquainted with him, and to of the Roval Spanish Guards, and to the Presi assure him, with his own lips, of his ardent wishes dency of Castile. All those persons who had been to strenghen more and more the alliance which confined in consequence of the affair which hap subsisted between them. pened in the Escurial-thus the pretended conspi- March 20 Murat, evidently for the purpose of racy was spoken of-were recalled near his royal displaying his forces to intimidate the Spaniards, person. These various measures, it was said, were reviewed his whole army before the walls, then made public that they might come to the knowledge made his entrance into Madrid, preceded by the of all, and that the loyal inhabitants of Madrid imperial horse guards, and by his staff, and followmight know how great an interest the king took in led by all the cavalry, and by the first division of their happiness. foot, under general Mourier; two other divisions course of all the people of the capital and its vicinity, ejoicing in his presence, and testifying, by their acclamations, that they expected from him the re generation of the country. A proclamation of the following day informed the were encamped without the city, and a detachment people, that the king had notified to the French proceeded to take possession of Toledo. Ferdinand emperor the happy event of his accession, assuring made his public entrance on horseback, the followhin at the same time, that animated by the same ing day, (March 24) with no other parade than that sentiments as his august father, and far from chang-which under happier circumstances, would have ing in the slightest degree, his political system with: been the most grateful of all spetacles:-a conregard to France, he would endeavor, by ali possible means, to draw closer the bands of friendship and strict alliance which so fortunately subsisted between Spain and the French empire. This com munication, it was said, was made, in order that Murat spoke mysteriou-ly upon the change of the council might act conformably to the king's government which had been effected, declaring that sentiments in taking measures to restore tranquil until the emperor bad acknowledged Ferdinand lity in Madrid, as well as for receiving the French VII. it was impossible for him to take any step which troops who were about to enter that city, and for night appear like an acknowledgment; he thereaninistering to them every requisite assistance.fore must be under the necessity of treating with They were to endeavor also to convince the people the royal father. As a further indication of the that these troops came as friends, for purposes ad- course which would be pursued, he affected to take, vantageous to the king and to the nation. It is an interested in behalf of Godoy. A sort of military minifest that the people were too wise to believe government was immediately established in the me this. Their eyes were open to the danger, but tropolis; the French general Grouchy, being made owing to the imbecility of their rulers, and the governor of the city, and patroles instituted to preserve the police, under the joint superinten-, of his family and of Spain, that he should acquiesce dance of a French officer and a Spaniard. in it. Actuated by his own resentment, and per No people in time of popular tumult ever con haps still urore by that of the queen, who trembled ducted themselves with such respect to the magis- for the life of her paramour, and, like an adulterous trates and the law as the people of Madrid had done mother, hated her son, he committed his last conduring this revolution. They do not seem to have summating folly by appealing for protection to that injured the person of any individual, even Godoy very person whose open and undisguised aggression himself escaped unhurt. had not a week before driven him to the resolution In the provinces, the news of the abdication was of abandoning the throne, and seeking refuge in received with the utmost joy: Charles' imbecility America. Thanking the Grand Duke of Berg for was well known; his queen was unpopular for her his commisseration, he said to his agent, De Mouknown profligacy; and nothing could exceed the theon, that his affliction was the greater because hatred in which the favorite was held. Te Deum his own son was the author of it. The revolutionwas performed in several places as a thanksgiving had been effected by forgery and corruption; the for his fall. At Salamanca, the monks and stu- prince, and Caballero, minister of ju tice, having dents are said to have testified their exultation by been the principal actors in it, he was compelled to dancing in the market place. The use which Fer- abdicate, to save the lives of himself and the queen; dinand made of Godoy's treasures increased the knowing that if he had refused, they would have general satisfaction; one of his earliest measures both been murdered. This conduct of the prince was, from this money, to pay up the arrears due to of Asturias was more shocking, the king said, inasthe officers and widows on the pension list. much as, having perceived his desire to reign, and A declaration concerning the affair of the Escu- being himself near three score years of age, he had rial was made public (March 30) for the purpose of agreed to surrender the crown to him on his marriproving that neither his former preceptor, D. Juan age with a French princess, an event which he, the de Escoiquiz, nor the Duke del Infantado, nor any king, ardently desired. This part of the conference other of his servants, who were implicated in the seems to prove that he had not only thought of accusation of conspiracy, had been guilty of mis- abdicating, but had even promised to abdicate, and conduct. A circumstance, however, appears in the fixed the time. It is, however, not less clear, that account, which affords some grounds for suspecting the act when actually performed, was compulso: v. that such an abdication as had been effected now, The prince, he added, had chosen Badajos for the was intended in October. The prince, it there ap- place of their retreat, though the part of the kingpeared, had declared upon his examination, that he dom was injurious to his health. This he had rehad, in his own hand writing, commissioned the presented, and entreated him that he might be perduke del Infantado to assume the command of the mitted to choose another place; his wish being that troops in New Castile in case of his father's de he might obtain permission of the emperor to purmise. The alleged reason was his fear lest Godoy chase an estate in France, where he might end his should continue at such a time to make an impro days, and this had been refused. The queen said per use of his influence and power. A most flimsy she had begged her son at least to postpone their and ridiculous apology for so gross an usurpation! journey. Her entreaties were in vain: to Badajos Besides, there was no immediate apprehension of they were ordered, and their journey was to begin the demise of the king: and, in case of such an on the following Monday. All this i exceedingly event, Godoy, who held his power only upon fa suspicious.-There can have been no reason why voritism, would instantly have become the wretch Ferdinand should not permit his father to choo e that this revolution made him. It could never have his place of residence, and it is highly improbable been apprehended that he would dream of chang that Charles should have thought of retiring into ing the succession. France. In the deed of abdication, Charles called it his Having made these complaints, Charles delivered own free and voluntary act; and as such Cevallos into De Moutheon's hands, a letter to the emperor, represents it. Nothing is more probable than that and a formal protest, declaring that the decree the examples of Charles V. and Philip V. should wherein he renounced the crown in favor of his son, have occurred to him, and that the thought of imita- was a deed to which he was compelled, in order to ting them should have passed across his mind when prevent a greater calamity, and spare the blood of difficulties pressed upon him, and he was sick of his beloved subjects. It was therefore to be consithe cares of government; cares which he had never dered as of no authority. The letter was of a more felt till an apprehension for his own personal secu abject character. "Sir, my brother," said he, rity roused them. It is probable, also, that the "you will not without sympathy, see a king w o prince's party might not have formed the plan of has been compelled to resign his throne, throw sending him into retirement, unless they had known that he himself had entertained, however transient ly, a wish for retiring. To talk, even among them selves, of deposing the king, would have a startling sound: but it was easy to persuade both themselves and Ferdinand, that the object of their design was to carry that wish and wise intention of his father into effect for him, which he wanted resolution to effect for himself. himself into the arms of a great monarch his ally, placing every thing in the protection of him who, alone can fix his happiness, and that of his family, and his faithful and beloved people," &c. Having consigned this letter to De Moutheon, which if not dictated, was evidently suggested by him, the king said that his situation was most deplorable; they had seized the prince of peace, and would put him to death, though for no other crime than that of These circumstances tallied top well with the de having been at all times a tached to his sovereign. signs of Bonaparte to be overlooked by Murat. On There were no efforts which he would not have the very day that he entered Madrid, General Mou attempted to save the life of his unhappy friend, but theon was sent by him to draw from Charles a pro the whole world was deaf to his entreaties, and bent test against his deposition. There was no difficulty on vengeance; and he felt assured that Godoy's in obtaining it from this weak monarch; though, death would be his own, for he should not survive him, however compulsory the act of abdication might These proceedings were concealed from Ferdi. have been, it was now as much his interest as that Inand. Murat's intentions were to frighten hira Into the toils; an alarm that should have made him, master manufacturers and tradesmen were ordered start, would have ruined the plot. The interest to give notice to the police if any of their workmen which this grand duke affected for Godoy, his re or apprentices absented themselves from their work; fusal to acknowledge the new government, and fathers were enjoined to keep their children and dothe respect which he paid to Charles, all tended tomestics at home, and the old assurances were rethis end. The rumor of Bonaparte's coming was peated, that the intention of the French accorded Carefully spread abroad; fresh couriers were said to with the views of the government. have arrived the emperor had left Paris, and was speedily to be expected in Madrid. The soldiers were told that he would lose no time in putting him seif at the head of his armies in Spain; they were ordered to put themselves in a state to appear before him; and in this proclamation (April 2) which ap peared in a Madrid Gazette extraordinary, the ominous notice was given, that they would immediately be supplied with cartridge to fire with. It was hint. ed that it would be a delicate compliment if don It is a received opinion that the environs of the Carlos, Ferdinand's next brother, would set off to city of Mexico, were formerly more populous than meet him on the way. His highness, Murat said, at present-but though our author admits that the could not fail to meet him before he had proceeded cruelties of the Spaniards carried many thousands two days upon the road.-This was readily agreed of Indians to an untimely grave, yet he considers it to, and the Infante, accompanied by the Duke del the height of absurdity to trust to the fabulous acInfantado, departed upon this fatal journey. Hav-counts of the conquerors of the country, who, to ing secured these victims, Murat endeavored to trumpet their own exploits, greatly exaggerated the entice Ferdinand himself into the snare: what had at first been hinted at, and advised as a mark of at tentive consideration, was now pressed upon him as a measure which would be attended with the happi est consequences to himself and the whole kingdom. -The young king hesitated at this; it was more than courtesey required; more than an ally was entitled to expect, and perhaps he felt that it was more Names of the intendancies and Of the in than a king of Spain ought to perform. Cevallos constantly advised him not to leave his capital until governments in which the enu tendancies he had received certain intelligence that Bonaparte meration was completed in 1792.& govern had actually passed the Pyrenees, and was approach- Mexico ing Madrid; and even then he urged him to pro-Puebla ceed so short a way, that it should not be necessary Tlasscala for him to sleep out of his capital more than a single night. This advice prevailed for a time against the repeated solicitations of Murat and the ambassador Guanaxuato Beauharnois. It became necessary, therefore, to introduce a new actor in this detestable plot. During the interval which elapsed before this agent could appear, Mus at informed Cevallos, that the emperor would be gratified if the sword of Francis I. were presented to him; and he desired Neuvo Mexico that this might be intimated to the new king. It Yucatan might be supposed that this was designed not merely to gratify the French nation, but also to lower Fer-Total population of New Spain dinand in the opinion of the Spaniards, if Bonaparte ever took the nobler feelings of our nature into his calculation. But it was a mere trick for the Parisians; and neither they nor the emperor himself would feel that France was far more dishonored by the circumstances under which the sword was recovered, than by the manner in which it had been lost. Ac cordingly this trophy of Pescara's victory, which had lain since the year 1525 in the royal armoury at Ma drid, was carried with great splendor to the lodgings of the grand Duke; (March 31) he, it was said, having been brought up by the side of the emperor, Approximative result of the and in the saine school, and illustrious for his mili tary talents, was more worthy than any other person could be, to be charged with so precious a depo Varions causes combined to render this enumesit, and to transmit it into the hands of his imperial ration incomplete.-The Indians estimated at four majesty. millions, apprehending some new exaction, would In spite of the patroles and rounds, and military not make complete returns-and our author suppogovernment, the suspicions of the people began to ses the real amount of population in 1793 was conmanifest themselves more and more, and their poor siderably greater. From the data laid down by him prince was compelled, while he concealed his own it is probable the number of inhabitants in Mexico fears, to exert his authority for suppressing theirs. is 7 millions, the Indians forming about three By a new edict, (April 3) it was enacted that no fifths of the whole. Our author gives us a list of liquors should be sold after eight in the evening: eleven places, situate in very different parts of the |