nor, indeed, to be obtained at all, except by the obtain from the workshops of the old world-to most laborious reseach, and patient investigation draw themselves off from such nations as would (if for facts that lie scattered through thousands of they could) compel us to purchase their manufactures, though draining us of the last cent to pay

volumes.

The news-papers of the day, devoted to party and for them, in forbidding an ingress of our commodipartizans, seldom dare to "tell the truth, the whole ties to such ports and places as might enable us to truth, and nothing but the truth." Every city, town, preserve a well balanced account in our trade with and village has its little great men, whose interests the world-without which, national as well as inand views must be subserved, and the dignity of the dividual poverty must inevitably ensue. press is prostrated to the will of aspiring individuals. Under such circumstances it is not surprizing There are some honorable exceptions to this gene- that many enlightened and patriotic citizens have ral remark, which has not been made without a due expressed their decided approbation of our propoinvestigation of its import. I allude to the publishers sition to allot a department of the WEEKLY REGISon both sides of the question-republicans and fed-TER to the purposes mentioned above; under a eralists. The editor does not intend to interfere in hope that the facts therein to be collected may bethe petty disputes between the ins and outs; for, as come useful to our common country now advancing he hopes the Register will receive a general support, with giant strides to real independence by a proper he will endeavor to make it generally interesting, application of the public labor to the public wants. having in view, as an assistant, a gentleman of the Without attempting to derogate from the high first rate literary acquirements. Its politics shall reputation foreign commerce enjoys, it may safely be American-not passive and lukewarm, but ac- be said that the internal trade of any country (even tive and vigilant-not to support individuals, but to of England herself) is incalculably more valuable. subserve the interests of the people, so far as he shall In the United States the home trade is daily approachbe able to discern in what their interest lies. There ing its natural importance; but, though our doare good and bad men in both the great political mestic manufactures for the year 1510, were esti parties which sever the people of the United States mated at one hundred and fifty three millions of there are republicans who are not federalists, and dollars, and it is probable the result of the present federalists who are not republicans-there is a dif-year will advance the mighty aggregate fifty millions ference between names and deeds.

The intended publisher is, in the common lan guage of the day, a "democratic republican ". and, as a duty he owes his own creed, will enforce it as well as he can; at the same time granting to others all the privileges he assumes to himself, that truth may be discerned.

more, there yet remains a great deal to be done be ore we can expect to meet the current demand of our citizens.

The editor is pleased to assure his readers that he has reason to expect some highly valuable communications on these interesting subjects-and as every man owes something to the soceity that affords To prepare for the work a heavy expence must him life, liberty, and the unmolested pursuit of be incurred; it will not be commenced unless there his happiness, he would respectfully suggest to all is every prospect of a strong support. The drudge persons whose bent of mind or common avocation ry will be prodigious, and the disbursements con- leads them to ascertain or apply the resources of siderable. our country to the wants of its population, the

As there are many reasons very important (to propriety of putting on record the results of their the Editor) why the probable success of this under-individual experience for the benefit of others, and taking should be ascertained, he solicits his friends, their own improvement; and to entreat the WEEKgenerally, and others desirous of encouraging it, uY REGISTER may become the repository of such to send in their names as speedily as possible. It is facts as they may deem proper to give to the world. expected he will be able to commence it on or before the first of September. H. NILES, Late Editor of the Baltimore Evening Post, Baltimore, June 24, ‍1811.

Domestic Manufactures.

(INTRODUCTORY.)

Thus a public and private good may be effected— the first in learning good things-the other in communicating them-for, as the celebrated Dr. Priestly observed, there is no way of becoming so easily acquainted with any given subject as to write, or attempt to write a book or essay upon it. The justice of this remark will strike every man on a moment's reflection.

In the prospectus for this work it is declared that The prejudices which existed against maufac"notices of the arts, sciences and manufactures, and tures have been dispelled or are dispelling by the in"communications on agricultural pursuits, with fluence of experience, the sure criterion of all "essays, facts, and hints for their improvement and things. It has been discovered (and a most impor "encouragement, shall be eagerly sought for and tant discovery it is) that we can fabricate many, "carefully attended to." very many articles, as cheap as they can be import

The present is a period naturally leading to the ed from Europe, leaving to the manufacturer and establishment of manufactories. Deprived of our capitalist ample indemnities for their labor and risk, accustomed commerce by the arbitrary and illegal and giving to the public a better commodity from proceedings of the belligerent nations of Europe-the immediate responsibility of the persons engaged obstructed, by military power, from an exercise of n casting it into the market. our right to carry the productions of our own soil The editor has not the vanity to believe that any to the proper markets for them; and so denied the thing he may say, of himself, can do much to ability to pay for those fabrications it has hitherto improve the knowledge of his fellow citizens in the (perhaps) been our interest to receive from abroad arts, sciences, and manufactures, or in agricul—it is imperiously demanded of the American people tural pursuits," but he hopes he may give some exthat they should look to themselves, and in them couragement to them by holding up examples of the selves, and from the inestimably valuable raw ma-progress made therein by others, and in collecting teritls of their country's growth, make for them facts relative to them-in which attempt he expects selves those, articles of necessity, convenience, or to receive the aid or good wishes of all who love even of luxury, which it once suited them to their country.

History

Of the Invasion of Spain by Bonaparte. [ABRIDGED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC SOURCES] CHAPTER I.

the partizans of those principles were comparatively less numerous than in any other country, in consequence, partly, of the state of the press, but still more of the feeling and devotion with which the Spaniards are attached to their religion and all Conspiracy of the Escurial. Views of the Prince's its forms. There were however many, and those of party. Secret treaty of Fontainbleau between the best of the Spaniards, who hoped to obtain that France and Spain for the partition of Portugal. reformation in their govei ement, by the assistance The French treacherously seize upon the fronter of France which without such assistance they knew fortresses. Alarm of the Spanish court. Tumults it would not only be hopeless, but fatal to attempt.--al Aranjuez. Abdication of Charles IV. in favor That attachment which they had formed for the of his son Ferdinando Carlos. French Republic, too many transferred to the On the 30th October, 1507, a proclamation was French Empire. Monstrous as this inconsistency issued from the Escurial, in which the King of may appear, the transition is easily explained; for Spain accused his son the prince of Asturias, of having from their principles, at first acquired the conspiring to dethrone him. A few days after this feelings of a party, they deluded themselves by a second proclamation appeared in which two letters supposing that, in serving their party, they served from the prince were contained. The first is addres their principles, till at last they had no other prin. sed to the king, and the author confesses that he ciple than the party interest itself Thus it is that has failed in his duty to his king and obedience to Massaredo and Urquijo, beginning in feelings of his father. In the second he prays the queen to true patriotism, have ended in rendering themselves pardon the fault he had committed, and implores her infamous to all posterity, as traitors to their country. mediation in his behalf. It was in this manner Another class of Spaniards had been hostile to that "the voice of nature unnerved the hand of the French revolution tid its character was changed vengeance() The prince declared the anthors by Bonaparte. They saw nothing to fear in the of this horrible plot, and laid open every thing in principles of his government; and the acts of perJegal form, consistent with the proofs which the law sonal atrocity which he committed did not suffirequires in such cases. The judges, therefore, were ciently alarm them. The unhappy circumstance commanded to continue the process, and submit with which the war with England had comtheir judgment to the king, which was to be acnenced rritated them against that country, and cording to the magnitude of the offence and the this sentiment of indignation naturally inclined quality of the offender. them towards France. They seem to have con

Thus mysterious affair has never been clearly ceived that the best means of obtaining reform elucidated. The Spaniards imputed it to the ma- would be by contracting a closer alliance with the chinations of don Manuel Godoy, prince de la Paz, French emperor, and, therefore, to have projected, or of the Peace, an upstart who from being, in or listened to the plan of a marriage between their the most infamous sense of the word, the favorite prince Ferdinand and a princess of the Imperial of the queen, had attained the highest power in the family. These views would have been reasonable, state, This man was completely subservient to if any ties could have restrained the merciless am France, and it was supposed in this country, that, bition of this blood hunter. For though it might whether any such conspiracy as was alleged had be his policy then to keep Spain in a state of weakexisted or not, the real plot was devised by Bona.ness and consequent dependence, yet when his parte, for the sake of exciting divisions in the royal own blood acquired an interest in the prosperity of family. This opinion is supported by Don Pedro that kingdom, it might fairly be expected that Cevallos, in his exposition of Bonaparte's conduct these salutary changes, which were essential to its in the usurpation of Spain; a document against the validity of which all objections that have been raised are futile and falaciou (?)

welfare, would be promoted by him, and peaceably effected under his auspices. According to Cevallos, the plan was suggested to the prince by the French The Spaniards are, perhaps, the only people ambassador at Madrid, instructed by his master, who have undergone no national degradation when though not, perhaps, acquainted with his designs; their country was degraded. A series of imbecile the ambassador, he says, persuaded him to write to sovereigns had reduced it fom the most powerful Bonaparte proposing such an alliance. To this he kingdom in the world, to a secondary state, whose was induced by his anxiety to avoid a marriage government for nearly the last century, had been with a lady who had been selected for him by the inglorious abroad, and oppressive at home. But prince of Peace, and who, "on that account alone," while Spain was regarded with pity or contempt, a says Cevallos, "was an object of aversion." A few different feeling prevailed concerning the Spaniards days after this letter was writen, occurred the They were universally acknowledged to be an ho imprisonment of his person, and the decree which nor ble people. It was not so generally known that was issued on the subject, in the name of the king. they felt and groaned for the degradation of their These are strong reasons to believe, according to country. When the French revolution broke out, the $6 Exposition," that the unknown hand, by the young and the a dent minded here, as in the which the feigned conspiracy was frustrated, was rest of Europe, eagerly adopted principles which some French agent employed to forward the plan promised a new and happier order of things, though which Napoleon had formed. The Spaniards considered the whole as a calumny fabricated by Godoy, to remove the only obstacle which impeded his views; and he soon found it necessary to set the (2. Nar tive of the practices and machinations prince at liberty and to drop those proceedings which led to the usurpation of the crown of Spain, which had been instituted by his party. Cevallos and the means adopted by the Emperor of the state that the letters from the prince which we French to carry it into execution. By don Pedro have before cited, were written by Godoy, who Cevallos, first Secretary of State and Dispatches to compelled the prince to sign them while he was in his coholic majesty Ferdinand VII. See Ameri- confinement. According to this writer, these can Register, vol. 4. State Papers, p. 3. schemes were devised by the emperor, in order to

(, Poclamation, 5th Nov. 1807. American Re gister, vol 3, page 368.

furnish himself with a plausible pretext for the was held out to him; and the perfidy of Charles invasion of the peninsula. But an intrigue of this IV. towards his ally and son in-law, the prince of kind, with its silly plot and counterplot, was neither Brazil, is to be accounted for by his fatuity. In necessary for Bonaparte's views, nor consistent conformity to this treaty, a French army under with his character. He had long been preparing Junot entered Portugal, and was joined by the the way for the invasion of Spain. The first step stipulated Spanish force. After many ineffectual towards the accomplishment of this design was to attempts by concessions and negociations to avert remove its best troops, and accordingly, in confor the storm that so suddenly burst upon him, the mity to the treaty, 16,000 men, the flower of the prince resolved to abandon his dominions. He Spanish army, were marched into the north of accordingly embarked with all his family and many Germany under the Marquis de Romana. The of his faithful friends; and with the whole Portunext business was to introduce the French troops guese fleet, and the Brazilian ships, sailed for Brainto Spain, and for this the occupation of Portugal zil, to establish his court in that great empire, furnished a pretext Could any reliance have been which Philip II. had offered to one of his ancestors, placed either upon the understanding or the honor in independent sovereignty, if he would renounce of the Spanish king, upon royal faith, and the his right to the crown of Portugal. closest ties of alliance, the Portuguese would have One provision of the secret treaty having been reasoned justly in supposing that if at any time, thus fulfilled, Godoy was anxiously expecting to be an attack upon them should be meditated, the put into possession of his new kingtom of the court of Madrid would use its utmost influence to Algarves. He relied upon the good offices of avert the danger. But Charles IV. was one of the Murat, the Grand Duke of Berg, with whom he weakest of men, and Godoy his favorite, had obtain communicated through his agent and confident ed the administration for his vices, not for his Izquierdo, and, if a tew millions should be necessary talents, which were of the lowest order. The to expedite his wishes, the treasures which he had interest of this wretch, who exercised the most amassed during his infamous administration enabled unbounded influence over a mind verging upon him to spare these at command. Murat, however, dotage and enslaved by ridiculous passions and informed him, that the business was now become slavish pursuits, it might be supposed, had been very delicate, owing to the extraordinary attachment secured by the title of nobility and a pension from which the Spaniards had manifested towards the the crown of Portugal, which were conterred upon Prince of Asturias, the consideration due to a him by an Alvara in 1797. But it was in the power Princess of the Imperial family, and the part taken of Bonaparte to offer a higher price for his rapa by her relation, the Ambassador Beauharnois.— cious villainy, and he united in the plan for the The favorite began to anticipate his fall; he employdestruction of this kingdom. At the very time ed every means to ingratiate himself with Murat;when the transactions in the Escurial took place, and, fancying that Bonaparte was tavourable to the a secret treaty for the partition of Portugal by the project of the marriage, made the king write to joint forces of France and Spain was signed at him, and request his consent to it. But BonaFountainbleau, (27th Oct. 1807,) which was first parte chose at this time to keep all parties in published to the world by Cevallos.(3) To gratify suspense, that they might be confused by their own the cupidity of the Prince of Peace a portion of that fears; he assumed an air of displeasure towards kingdom equal to about one half, lying on the izquierdo, and kept him at a distance, in order to south, and at present divided into the provinces of cut off the direct mode of communication; and he Algarve and Alentcho, was to be assigned to him, set off for Italy, giving to his journey an affected in absolute sovereignty, with the title of prince of importance which excited the expectations of all the Algarves. 4, This gift was to be in the form of Europe. There, carrying into execution those a feudal donation or investiture from Spain to Don parts of the secret treaty which were to his own Manuel Godoy and his heirs but, on failure of advantage, he expelled from Tuscany, the queen heirs, it was not to revert to the Spanish crown, regent and her children, and seized all the public but to be again immediately granted to some other, fonds of a court that was ignorant of the very exon like conditions. For the other particulars of istence of the treaty, in virtue of which they were this extraordinary treaty, in which the contracting called upon to surrender, not only what he had powers do not appear to have thought it necessary given them, but those dominions which they had even to invent a pretext for the justification of so possessed before he and his family were banished atrocious a design, as well as the secret convention from Corsica.

in which the means for reducing the country are From Italy he answered the king's letters:

settled, we refer to the documents cited,

assured him that he had never received any commu

At the time when this treaty and the annexednication from the Prince of Asturias, nor had the convention were concluded, Cevallos held the office slightest information of the circumstances respectthe first Secretary of state. ing him which tho e letters imparted; nevertheless, tions were carried on by Don Eugenio Izquierdo. a letter afterwards written to Ferdinand himself, he said, he consented to the proposed inter marriage. whose instructions, correspondence, and even his

But these negocia

appointment as Plenipotentiary, were never made he acknowledged the receipt of that letter which he Inown to Cevallos, nor to that department of the] now denied. Holding out these hopes to the Ministry of which he was the head. The whole Prince, and yet, at the same time, by his long transaction was of so suspicions a character, that him, his father, and the favorite, equally in sussilence, and his reserve towards Izquierdo, keeping Bonaparte feared to trust it to the judgment of any persons except those of whose imbecility he was asured. Godoy was deceived by the bait which

(See Foreign State papers 4 Am. Reg 27, 28. (4) The province of Algarba or Algarva was divided into two kingdoms in the Moorish or Arabian Imes and called the kingdom of the Algarves.

and alarm, he was, meantime, marching his pense been stipulated by the secret reaiv at Fontainbleau, armies into Spain. That they should enter it, had

-and the court was not in a situation to insist upon the condition that the two contending powers were to come to a previous agreement upon that point. Besides, each of the conspicuous personages of the court had been engaged in private negociations

with him, each had probably been amused with The government of Spain had not virtue enough specious promises and all dreaded a rupture which to know the strength it possessed in such a people might produce an ecclaircisment. It is melan as the Spaniards; feeling nothing but its own imcholy to pause and reflect upon the steps of this becility, it had not courage to prevent these aggresmost profligate usurpation: to note the shameful|sions, and consequently dared not resent them; and alternations of flattering promises, and ambiguous as the French seized these places in the name of menaces; of barefaced and unblushing falsehood, their emperor as an ally, this wretched court conand open ferocious violence; by which this bold, sented to the occupation of them on the same plea. cunning and unrelenting conqueror accomplished It will be found,-to digress from our narrative and the first part of his ambitious project. Like the use the language of one of the ablest writers of the prelion hunters of old, he draws his victims on in the sent day, it will be found that the resistance to France course which he had prepared for them, by cajoling has been entirely begun and carried on by the peoand by invitation, by soothing their appetites and ple of Spain. Their kings betrayed them-fed, and exciting their spirit; till at last, by trick and by rushed, with the whole of their base courtiers, into open violence, the royal beasts were driven into the arms of the enemy. Their nobles followed; his toils, and placed completely at the disposal o and it is painful to reflect, that some of the most distheir stern and artful pursuer. tinguished of this body, after attending Ferdinand It was essential to his views that he should make to Bayonne, returned in the train of Joseph, and himself master of the principal fortresses; and his only quitted his service when the universal ingenerals were instructed to obtain possession of surrection of the common people drove him from them in whatever manner they could. The wretch-his usurped throne. The people, then, and, of the ed court, fearing they knew not what, were now people, the middle, and above all, the lower orders, punished by their own offences. The treaty into have alone the merit of raising this glorious opposiwhich they had entered for the destruction of Por-tion to a common enemy of national independence. tugal was now turned against themselves. They Those who had so little of what is commonly termhad neither sense nor courage to take those meaed interest in the country, those who had no stake in sures for their own security which the people would the community (to speak the technical language of so eagerly have seconded; on the contrary they the aristocracy,) the persons of no consideration in gave the most positive orders that the French the state, they who could not pledge their fortunes should be received every where, and treated even having only lives and liberties to lose, the bulk, the more honorable than the Spanish troops. In con-mass of the people, nay, the very odious many-headsequence of their detestable spirit of tameness or ed beasts, the multitude, the mob itself, alone, unvoluntary blindness, the gates of Pamplona, St. called, unaided by the higher classes, in despite of Sebastian, Figuiras, and Barcelona were thrown these higher classes, and in direct opposition to them, as well as to the enemy whom they so

open to them.

The next object of these treacherous guests was vilely joined: raised up the standard of insurrecto get possession of their citadels. On the 16th of tion, bore it through massacre and through victory, February, the citadel of Pamplona was seized by a until it chased the usurper away, and waved over party of French soldiers, who had gone thither to his deserted courts. Happen what will in the sereceive their rations as usual. When they had quel, here is a grand and permanent success, a lesmade themselves masters of the bridges and secured son to all governments, a warning to all oligarchies, the powder magazines, Darmagnac, who had been a cheering example to every people. Not a name selected as the agent of this infainous baseness, had of any note in Spain was to be seen in the records of the impudence to address a letter to the magistrates, the patriotic proceedings, until the cause began to informing them that as he understood he was to flourish; and then the higher orders came round remain some time in Pamplona, he felt himself or their share in the success.

obliged to ensure its safety in a military manner- Symptoms of this popular feeling, so generous, and he besought them to consider his garrisoning so noble and so utterly unlike the spirit of the pol the citadel as "only a trifling change, incapable of troons and traitors to whom the concerns of the disturbing the harmony which ought to subsist country had been entrusted, first appeared in Barcebetween two faithful allies." Barcelona was sur lona; and the count of Espeleta, captain general prised on the same day, by a stratagem equally of Catalonia, found it necessary to issue a proclamadisgraceful. About 10,000 French troops arrived tion, (Feb. 29) calling upon all fathers of families, in the neighborhood of that city on the 13th Feb. and heads of houses, to preserve tranquility, and and requested permission to halt there and refresh thus co-operate with the intentions of their rulers; themselves for a few days, on their way to Valencia, and declaring that the late transactions did in no The gates were opened and they were received by way obstruct or alter the system of government, the people as friends and allies. On the 16th the neither did they disturb public nor private order. generale was beat; they assembled on the parade as His proclamation was posted in all parts of the city. if to proceed upon their march; their hosts and Duhesine, however, soon gave the inhabitants new acquaintances came to bid them farewell, and the cause for alarm, by calling upon the captain geneidlers of the place gathered round to see them ral to fill the magazines, and establish depots for depart. On a sudden they filed off in two divisions. the subsistence of his troops.

one to the citadel, the other to Monjui, a fort upon The count of Espeleta returned for his answer to the hill which commands the town. Here there this requisition (March 18) "that the French general was a garrison capable of resisting them; but, the might consider the whole city as his magazine : commander had not resolution enough to act up to that as he had no enemy to dread, and was quarhis duty. The French general insisted that his tered there as an ally, the measures which he proorders were preremptory,and must be executed. To posed to take could only create suspicion and dishave resisted would have brought on an immediate trust, and that if he persisted in an intention so attack; and, though the commander could have pointed and offensive, it would neither be in the defended Monjui, he dared not venture upon an act power of the general or himself to remedy the which would have involved his country in a war consequences of the sensation which such a measure with France. might excite among the inhabitants."

It seems at this time to have been Bonaparte's in There was also a wide difference between the cirtention that the royal family should fly to their cumstances of Spain and Portugal, making that a American empire. He might then take possession base action in the sovereign of the former kingdom, of the kingdom as left to him by their abdication; which for the last half century, would have been and there was no means of ultimately securing the wisest measure that the house of Braganza Spanish America also, so likely as by letting this could have adopted. The Spaniards were confident family retire thither; both countries would needs in the size and strength of their country, and in be desirous that the intercourse between them the Prince of Asturias and his party they had leaders should continue; nor were there any Spaniards to whom they were enthusiastically attached.who westld with less reluctance submit to hold it in Great agitation prevailed in the metropolis; the dependence from him, than those persons who had French were rapidly advancing there; the intergiven so many proofs of abject submission to his tions of the royal family were soon suspected, and will. Fordhe purpose of increasing the fears of probably the prince's friends in the ministry, to Charles and his ministers, he wrote an angry letter whom those intentions were necessarily entrusted, complaining in the severest terms of reproach, that spread the alarm abroad. It is said that the Counno further measures had been taken for negociating cil of Castile was assembled, and that, after a dethe proposed marriage. The king replied that he liberation of six hours, the answer of that house to was willing that it thould take place immediately. the king was, that he ought not to leave the counHe probably considered Bonaparte to be sincere in try, and that they would not permit him to do his intentions of forming this alliance, and never so. If such an answer was returned it must have having been fit for business, and now, perhaps for been under the fear of popular opinion. Aranjuez the first time really feeling its cares, a natural wish was as much disturbed as Madrid. A decree was for repose began to be felt, and a thought of abdica posted up, (March 16) in which the king endeation passed his mind. "Maria Louisa" said he to vored to remove the suspicions of the people.the queen in presence of Cevallos-by whom the "The army of his dear a ly the emperor of the curious fact is stated, and all the other ministers of French," he said "were traversing his kingdom in state, "we will retire to one of the provinces where peace and friendship, their object being to march to we will pass our days in tranquility, and Ferdinand, those points which were threatened by the enewho is a young man, will take upon himself the my," &c. This did not satisfy the public; the burthen of our government." (5) Whether this ab- people flocked to Aranjuez; they found the bagdication was produced by the intrigues of his son, gage of the court packing up for removal. It was the threats of his faithful ally, or a consciousness of beyond a doubt that their government was on the his own imbecility, still remains a mystery, and point of abandoning them, and seeing no better probably never will be explained, in a satisfactory way of saving themselves, they determined to stop manner. We are induced to believe that it was a them by force and to take vengeance upon Godoy, voluntary act. It arose from a thought which the to whom they imputed all their calamities. They example of his predecessors would readily suggest gathered round the house and endeavored to force to a king of Spain. But it was not this which Bo their way in. His own soldiers were faithful to him naparte desired. He perceived his victim was not and some of the life guards fell in this attempt. His yet sufficiently terrified, and therefore Izquierdo, brother don Diego Godoy, came with his regiment who had been kept at Paris, in a state of perpetual of guards to his assistance, and ordered them to suspense and agitation, was commanded to return fire upon the people; but they refused to obey and to Spain. No written propositions were sent with suffered him to be disarmed and bound hand and him, neither was he to receive any; and he was or foot. The tumult increased; it was reported that dered not to remain longer than three days. Under the royal family were about to fly; they were in these circumstances he arrived at Aranjuez, and bed at the time; but when the house of Godoy was was immediately conduced by Godoy to the king forced, it was found that he had escaped, and a party and queen. What passed in their conference has of life guards pursued and overtook him at Ocaua. never transpired; but soon after his departure from The princess de la Paz and her daughter were with Madrid, Charles began to manifest a disposition to him; and it is not improbable that their presence abandon Spain, and emigrate to Mexico. If he preserved him from that vengeance which he had were capable of feeling any compunctious visita so righteously deserved. They were conducted tions, how must he have felt at reflecting that he back and delivered by the populace to the prince of had assisted in driving his kinsman and son-in law Asturias.(5) to a similar emigration; that he was now become This took place during the night of the 17th. On the victim of his own misconduct; and envying the following morning the king issued a decree the security which that injured prince had obtained, saying, that as he intended to command the army was himself preparing, in fear and in peril, to follow and navy in person, he released Godoy from his his example. employs of generalissimo and admiral, and gave him leave to withdraw whither he pleased. The people were not to be appeased by a measure, the obvious intention of which was to screen the favorite from (S) We have no more doubt that the resignation of punishment, and give him an opportunity of effectof Charles was produced by the threats and cabals of Ferdinand, than we have that the resignation of and Charles, the next day, (March 19) by a public his ing escape. Their agitation still continued: the latter was extorted by the violence and menaces decree abdicated the throne. "The complaints,"

Preparations for such a removal could not so easily be made at Madrid and Aranjuez, as at Lisbon.

of Bonaparte. There is something not only in he said, "under which he had long labored would credible, but ludicrous, in the story which don not permit him longer to support the heavy burthen Pedro tells, of the free and affectionate resignation of government; and as it was necessary for the of this unfortunate monarch, whom he represents recovery of his health to enjoy the tranquility of a like some sentimental old gentleman in a German private life in a more temperate climate, he had decomedy, taking his elderly consort by the hand and||

64

addressing her in these touching words: "Maria () Official account," &c. 3 Am. Reg. State Louisa," &c. Edin. Rev. Oct. 1808.

ipap. 369,