THE WEEKLY REGISTER-CONGRESS.

Admit

He advanced to the consideration of the nature of treasury reports. You now receive only six milthe troops. Our republican jealousies; our love of lions of revenue annually; and this amount must liberty; the danger of standing armies, were themes be diminished in the same proportion as the rigoBefore these orders existed, you received which had been successfully touched, in discussing rous execution of the orders in council shall inthe subject before the committee, at least so far as crease. their feelings were concerned, however little weight sixteen millions. You lose then to the amount of they might have produced on their judgment. He ten millions of revenue per annum by your present did not stand on that floor as the advocate of stand peace. A war would probably produce the repeal ing armies in times of peace: but when war becomes of the orders in council; and your revenue would essential, he was the advocate of raising able and be restored; your commerce would flourish; your The danger wealth and prosperity would advance. 1 But certain vigorous armies to ensure its success. of a mies in peace arose from their idleness and dis gentlemen tell us to repeal the non-importation, and sipation; their corrupted habits which moulded then we shall have commerce and revenue. them to the will of ambitious chieftains. We had that we could be guilty of so gross an act of perfidy, been the subject of abuse for years by tourists after we have voluntarily pledged our faith to that through this country, whether on horseback or on power which should revoke its hostile edicts, to enfoot, in prose or in poetry; but although we might force against its enemy this non importation; admit not have exhibited as many great instances of disco this; repeal your law; and what will be the conseveries and improvements in science, as the long es-quence? You will present the strange phenomenon tablished nations of Europe, the mass of our people of an import without an export trade. You will possessed more general political information than become bankrupt, it you should thus carry on a Where would your produce find vent? Unany people on earth; such information was univer trade. sally diffused among us. This circumstance was der the British orders, you cannot send it to the one security against the ambition of military leaders.markets of continental Europe. Will Great BriAnother barrier was derived from the extent of tain take your exports? She has no market for the country, and the millions of people spread over them; her people can find use for only a small porits face. Paris was taken, and all France conse-tion of them. By a continuance of this peace, then, London might be subdued, we should lose our commerce, our character, and quently subjugated. But a nation's best attribute, our honor. A war would and England would fall before the conqueror. the population and strength of this country were give us commerce and character; and we should concentrated in no one place. Philadelphia might enjoy the proud consciousness of having discharged be invaded; New York or Boston might fall; every our highest duty to our country. But England it seems is fighting the battles of seaport might be taken: but the country would remiin free. The whole of our territory on this mankind; and we are asked, shall we weaken her side of the Aleghany might be invaded; still liberty magnamimous efforts? For argument's sake, let We have or would soon as concede the fact, that the French emperor is aimwould not be subdued. have, eighteen state governments, capable and posing at universal empire; can Great Britain chalsessing the right to apply their immense pecuniary enge our sympathies, when, instead of putting and physical military resources to oppose any dar forth her arins to protect the world, she has coning usurper who might attempt to prostrate our liverted the war into a mean of self-aggrandizement; berties. The national government; one or more when, under pretence of defending them, she has of the state sovereignties, might be annihilated; the destroyed the commerce and trampled on the rights We possessed another of every nation; when she has attempted to annicountry would yet be safe. security against the dangers of armies in the great hilate every vestige of the public maritime code of body of militia. He hoped to God that ere long he which she professed to be the champion? Shall we should see every man proudly shoulder a musket to bear the cuffs and scoffs of British arrogance, bedefend his liberties. Massachusetts at this time pre cause we may entertain chimerical fears of French sented the noble spectacle of fifty or sixty thousand subjugation? Shall we swallow the po ion of British of her citizens with arms in their hands, ready to point their bayonets to the breast of any tyrant who might attempt to crush their freedom. And with all these securities, do gentlemen seriously appre hend danger from a pitiful army of 25 or 30,000 men?

He trusted not.

poison, lest we may be presented with the imperial dose? Are we called upon to bow to the mandates of royal insolence, as a preparation to contend against Gallic usurpation? Whoever learned in the school of base submission, the lessons of noble freedom, and courage, and independence? Look at The honorable gentleman proceeded to present Spain. Did she secure her independence by subhis views on this bill, as it involved the important mitting, in the first instance, to the dictates of imAnd here he must beg leave to perial usurpations? No, sir. If she had resisted question of war. differ with those gentlemen who had thought it im- the first intrusions into her councils, her monarch proper to debate upon war in the face of day. It would not at this time be a miserable victim in the was impossible to conceal the measures of prepara dungeons of Marseilles. We cannot secure our indetion for war. Had gentlemen ever known of a war pendence on one power, by a dastardly submission to between France and Russia, for example, without the will of another. But look at our own history, receiving accounts of its being meditated for weeks Our ancestors of the revolution resisted the first enYou croachments of British tyranny. They foresaw and months before it actually took place? might pass your laws in secret; but you could not that by submitting to pay an illegal tax, contemptible Men must be raised; could as that tax was in itself, their liberties would ultiConsider the progress of the secretly execute them. they be enlisted in the dark? He felt no difficulty mately be subverted. present disputes with England. For what were on this point. Gentlemen had inquired, what would be gained you contending the other day? For the indirect coby the contemplated war? Sir, I ask, in turn, what lonial carrying trade. That has vanished. For what will you not lose by your mongrel state of peace are you now deliberating? For the direct export with Great Britain? Do you expect to gain any and import trade; the trade in your own cotton, thing in a pecuniary view? No, sir. Look at your fand tobacco, and fish. Give this up, and to mor

row you must take up arms for your right to pass, arms, perish in manfully fighting their battles, from New York to New-Orleans; from the upper while they would meanly cling to their places ? Bat country on James River to Richmond. Sir, when he could not persuade himself that the nation would did submission to one wrong induce an adversary to be ungrateful. He was convineed that when they cease his encroachments on the party submitting knew that their government had been strictly imBut you are told you ought only to go to war partial towards the belligerents-for surely no when your territory is invaded. How much better gen'leman in that house could be so base as to s ten invasion is the blocking of your very ports cribe partially or other improper motives to them and harbors; insulting your towns; plunder ng|- when they perceived the sincere and perze. your merchants, and scouring your coasts? If your veing exertions of their government to preserve fields are surrounded, are they in a better condition peace; they would continue to adhere to them, than if invaded ? When the murde.er is at your even in an unsuccessful war to defend their rights; door, will you meanly skulk to your cells? Or to assert the honor, the dignity and independence will you boldly oppose him at his entrance? of the country. But his ideas of duty were suen,

He could wish the past were buried in oblivion, that when his rights were invaded, he must adBut we could not shut our eyes. The other day,vance to their defence, let what might be the conse. the pretence for the orders in council was retalia quence; even if death itselt were to be his certain tion for the French edicts. The existence of these late. ediets was made the ground of sir William Scott,

tablished these three positions: that the quantum of the force propose by the bill was no too great,that its nature was such as the contemplated war called for; and that the object of the war was jus tified by every consideration of justice, of interest, of honor and love of country. Unless that object were attained by peaceful means, he hoped that war would be waged before the close of the session.

Mr Clay was followed by Mr. Widgery,who poke in favor of the volunteer corps, as being preferable to regular troops, and Mr. Boyd against raising so latge a number of men and in favor, if possible, of maintaining the country in peace.

The honorable member concluded with an apolofor the condemnation of the Fox and others. It for having trespassed so long upon the patience would be recollected that sir William had delayed of the committee. He trusted that he had tully es his sentence in the celebrated case, that proof of the repeal of the French decrees might be rouced. I was produced. Nevertheless the condemnation took place. But the plea of retaliation had given way to other pretexts and other claims. To the astonishment of all mankind, the British envoy has demanded as a preliminary to the revocation of the orders in council, that the United States shall cause the continental ports to be opened for the ad mission of British manufactures! You are required to compel France to repeal her municipal code it self! Sir, these are none of the motives of the British hostility towards your commerce. She sickens at your prosperity; she is jealous of you; she dreads your rivalship on the ocean. If you doubt this look at your trade in 1806. Your trade with England was twelve or thirteen millions in her favor. We bought the eport. fiiy millions worth of her manufactures, and sup V The speaker laid before the house a communicaplied her with the raw materials for those very mation from the secretary of the treasury, containing nufactu es. We furnished her with the necessarie. an estimate of the expences for the year 1812, and of life, and in exchange, accepted her luxurie..! a statement of the receipts and expenditures for the How was our trade with France and Holland?past year, which was referred to the committee of Our exports to both these countries amounted to ways and means, and ordered to be printed. Adeghteen mill ons,our import to twenty five millions journed.

The committee rose and reported the bill, with the amendments; but the usual hour of adjournment having arrived, the house declined taking up

praying for an extension of the election franchise; Also a petition from the same bodies, praying to be erected into an independent state. Both petitions were referred.

--Coosder the superiority in trade with us, which | Wednesday, Jan. 1, 1812. Mr. Jennings, preGreat Britain enjoyed over her rival would she have sented a petition from the legislative council and relinquished that superiority, would she have given house of representatives of the Indiana territory, mp her profitable trade,for the single purpose of hum bling that of her antagonist? Would she have hazard ed the evils of a war with this country for this object? No, sir, she saw in your numberless ships, whose sails spread us on every sea; she perceived in your hundred and twenty thousand gallant tars, the seeds of an voce, which in thirty years, would rival her on her own element. She therefore commenced the odious system of impressment, of which no language can paint my indignant execration; she dared to attempt the subversion of the personal free dom of your mariners. She aimed at depressing The speaker laid before the house, a communicayour commerce, which she foresaw would induce tion from the secretary of the navy, containing an your seamen to enter her service, would impair the account of the application and expenditure of momeans of cherishing your navy, of protecting and ney in that department for the past year. Referred extending your commerce, and would at the same to the committee of ways and means and ordered to time raise her own power. be printed.

Sir, we are told this government is not calculat ed to stand the shock of war; that gentlemen will lose their seats in this and the other house; that your benches will be filled by other men, who after you have carried on the war, will make for you an ignominious peace. He could not believe that to retain their seats was the extent of the amor p tria, of gentlemen in this house. Could they let their brave countrymen, a Daviess and his associates in

Mr. Macon presented to the house, sundry resolutions adopted lately by the legislature of NorthCarolina, approbatory of the conduct of the general government, and pledging themselves to give it their support in every measure which congress may deem necessary in maintainance of our country's rights. Ordered to lie on the table.

Mr. Smilie observed, that it had been customary heretofore for the two houses to pay their respects to the president of the United States on the first day of the new year; and the hour for doing this having arrived, he moved that the house adjourn.

The yeas and nays were called on this motion, they were taken, and the question was lost 56 to 50.

The order of the day being called for, the house took up the amendments of the committee of the

whole to the bill from the senate for raising an addi- and the ratio, for the ensuing ten years, is fixed at tional military force. 35,000.

Having come to the amendment, which proposed that the officers for eight regiments only be appointed, until three fourths of the men were enlisted. Mr. Burwell moved to amend the amendment, by striking out the words, eight regiments, and insert ing six.

vail.

FROM THE ORLEANS GAZETTE OF NOV. 28. Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Mobile, dated November 18. The court of Spain has giver orders to the governor of Pensacola, to give up the Floridas as far as the river Perdido. This news I received to-day from my correspondent at Mr.Wright hoped this amendment would not pre Pensacola, dated the 14th instant. I have also seen He considered this as a war measure; and it several other letters mentioning the same.” we were to economize in this way at the commence- Extract of a letter from a gentleman in the navy, ment of the business, he should not calculate upon dated Norfolk, December 26. “A most horrid cirour acting with effect. Our country was too impor cumstance took place here last evening. Young tant, and our rights too sacred, to be frittering Mercer, whom you often heard me mention, had down measures for their defence in the manner pro-received an insult from the mate of a merchantman posed. In proportion (said he) as the commission--a challenge followed, and last evening about sun ed officers are appointed, will the recruiting of the down they met within a mile of the town: their dismen progress. These officers will inspire the peo-tance of fighting was only sufficient for them not ple, in the several parts of the country from which to touch the body with each other's pistols; the word they may be taken, with a military spirit, which was given both fired, and both fell DEAD! The will induce them to enlist into the service. He whole town is in an uproar on the occasion. The liked the bill better before it had received its pre-seconds have taken safety by flight leaving their sent limitation as to the appointment of the officers; dead comrades without a soul near them; their but as the committee had agreed thus to amend the bodies were brought to town last evening and will bill, he did not wish to stir the subject again. Ile this day be interred. hoped, however, the reduction would not be carri ed any further.

After some remarks by Mr. Burwell and a few in reply by Mr. Wight, the amendment was agreed to-ayes 57.

Another motion was made to adjourn, and the yeas and nays called upon it-Lost by a larger majority than before.

New Orleans.-The convention of the territory of New Orleans met, agreeably to adjournment, on the 21st of November, the main question, whether the said territory should become a state? was de. termined in the affirmative-aves 35, nays 7.

The day after, Mr. Magruder moved two resolutions; 1st. to adopt the constitution of the United States, which was unanimously carried. 2d to reAll the amendments having been considered, and nounce all claims to the vacant lands, which was others introduced, the question recurred ou order-referred to a committee of three. A committee of ing the bill to be engrossed for a third reading, but several members expressing a desire to see the bill, as amended, printed, before they gave a vote upon it, a motion was carried or it to lie on the table, in order to make way for another to have it printed, which was accordingly made and carried.—Adjourned.

seven were then ballotted for to draft a constitutions Mr. Destrechen moved the appointment of a committee to draft a memorial to congress praving an extension of territory, so as to embrace W. Florida to the Perdido. This resolution, after some discus. sion,was carried by a large majorty; and the address to congress referred to the committee who was to draft the constitution.

Thursday, January 2.-After a good deal of minor business (which will be noticed in our next; and a The Indians.--On Tuesday last, Mr. McKee stavariety of ineffectual attempts at further amend-ted in the house of representatives at Washington, ments, the question on engrossing the bill from the on information received from several gentlemen of senate for raising an additional military force, was respectability in the western country, that the procarried-ayes 90, noes 36. phet had gathered a force supposed to amount to 2,000 men. This report is completely at war with the official statements of governor Harrison and the belief of the legislature of Indiana, as appears by their reply to his speech-see page 221: we also think it is at war with probability, and chiefly tor the reason that we believe it nearly impossible to collect so great an Indian force at any given point.

The Chronicle.

Many vessels have been wrecked on the coast by the gales of last week.

The ship New Galen has arrived at Boston from England. While the Galen was lying at Spithead, a seaman from the Constitution deserted to the British frigate Havanna. He was demanded by captain Hull, who was referred to the port admiral at Portsmouth, and by him informed that the sea man should not be restored until the admiralty board had instructed him on the occasion. In a day or two after,an American sailor swam from the Havan na to the Constitution, and being demanded by the British commander, captain Hull refused to deliver him, until he had received instructions from the U. States, taking for the basis of his refusal the prece dent which the British officer had furnished him in the first instance. The atlair stood thus when the Galen sailed.

Several shocks by earthquakes have been felt in varions parts of the southern and western states— which will be noticed in detail hereafter. It seems probable that some dreadful calami y may have been experienced in a distant part of the world-probably South America; judging from the violence of the sensations, felt in different parts of the union. In Georgia the effect was much greater than in Virginia and at Lexington, in Kentucky, it is stated several chimnies were thrown down; that "the agitation of standing water was remarkable, and the trembling of houses and furniture violent and alarming.

The lot on which the theatre stood at Richmond has been purchased by the city, and the remains of the unfortunate sufferers were interred in the cen

The president of the United States has signed the bill for the apportionment of representa tives among the several states, according to the * Mr. Mercer was an officer in the United States' third enumeration; it has thereby become a law, navy, and nephew to general Mercer.

tre where the pit was, over which it is intended to erect a suitable monument.

FREDERICK-TOWN, December 28. General Wilkinson - The general court martial assembled in this town for the trial of general Wilkinson, after a session of almost four months, closed their proceedings, and adjourned on Christmas day.

By the seventh section it would appear $375,030 are to be paid as a bonus; which monies, it is proposed, to appropriate as follows: 175,000 to making an ar tificial road from Harrisburg to Pittsburg, by the route agreed upon by the late commissioners for that purpose. $100,000 to make a like road from the town of Northumberland to the town of Waterford on lake Erie. $50,000 to erect a bridge over the Suq channa at Columbia, and the like sum to erect another bridge over the same river at Harrisburg.

The scceeding sections are as customary.

This tribunal has had before it a most intricate, laborious and interesting enquiry, wherein the life and character of a fellow citizen, whose best years It is highly probable, from the low price of have been devoted to his country, have been made bills on England, being about twenty per cent. be subjects of investigation. The sentence has gone to low per, if the stock of the late bank of the United the president for his consideration, and whatever States has been in the British market, that the greater may be the result, the standing of the gentlemen part of it has changed owners, within the year past--who composed the court, and their conduct through offering, at a fair price, an eligible mode of making out the trial, will, to every candid mind, present a remittances. guarantee for the independence, impartiality, and justice of their verdict.

The Editor's Department.

It has furnished a contemplation to the inhabi tants of this place to behold the order, decorum and The proceedings of congress are assuming the diguity which has invariably marked the deport highest importance. We cannot now hesitate to ment of our citizen soldiers whom the occasion believe that decisive measures will be adopted. The brought together? but one impression appears to calculations of dollars and cents, and of the ins and have been left on the public mind: that is, of per outs, we would hope, are laid aside forever by the sonal confidence and respect, and whatever may be weightier matters affecting the sovereignty and honor the rantings and revilings of the censorious and of our country. The bill from the senate for raisinsidious, the conviction results from our observa ing twenty five thousand additional troops may be tions, that with such defenders, the constitution, considered as virtually adopted by the house of the laws, the interests, and the honor of, our coun-representatives; the amendments proposed by the try, will be asserted with effect, and maintained in

violate.

[An opinion prevails, this officer has been acquit ted by the late court martial, from the circumstance of his being very politely waited upon (in a body) by the officers composing it, as soon as the verdict was given. We may expect the result will soon be officially promulgated; until when no officer is at liberty to speak of it.]

latter do not affect its general principles. We are highly gratified with the common repugnance of the people to a standing army, and hope it will ever exist in this country-but there now is an object for using a provi iona! force-that object is openly declared to be Canada, and the people will cheerfully bear it

If the days of submission have passed, and congress shall vigorously pursue the line marked out, they may expect the full support of the nation. The times require unanimity, and unanimity most hap

Late Bank of the United States. pily subsists; one general sentiment pervades the

public body of the people; if congress will not di

carry the productions of our own soil to the proper markets for them, and redress many other just causes for complaint, they assuredly will merit and receive the execration of all good men of every par ty, the truly British (if any there are) excepted.

The trustees of the late Bank of the United States rect it to rescue our citizens from a worse than Alhave made an application to the legislature of Penngerine bondage; to secure our frontiers from the sylvania for a charter, with a capital of 7,500,000 tomahawk of the savage; to maintain our right to dollars and Theodorus Baily and others have given notice of their mention to apply to the legisla ture of New York for an act to incorporate a bank with a capital of six millions of dollars. The title, in Pennsylvania, is proposed to be the American Bank-in New York, the Bank of Ame rica. Though it is not avowed that the application to be made to the legislature of New York, is to be made on behalf of the late directors, or present trus tees of the late Bank of the United States, there seems no reason to doubt, though two incorporations are desired, these bunks will, in fact, be one and

indivisible."

The petition to the legislature of Pennsylvania was referred to a grand committee of 31 members, one from a county; who, without a dissenting voice, re ported a bill, the leading features of which are notic cd below. It is, however, considered as doub'ful if the bill will pass, several members of the committee having declared they would not feel themselves bound to support it in the house.

To enable our readers more correctly to estimate the real state of things, we have, by great exertion, the pleasure of presenting them with Mr. Clay's (Speaker) speech, delivered in a committee of the whole on Wednesday last. We are indebted for the sketch of it to the "American" of this city; eulogi um upon it is useless; every word and line of it breathes the language of an independent patriot, who "has counted the cost of the contest and found nothing so intolerable as the voluntary abandonment of the RIGHTS and HONOR of his countrymen"

Many articles in type are postponed.

The necessary absence of the editor, the greater part of the present week, may account for any omissions in his usual attentions to private corres pondences or public duties.

If any subscriber has not yet received the first The first six sections of the bill incorporate the comfour numbers of the Register, he is requested to give pany, as usual, with a capital of $7.500.000, under immediate notice, lest we may be unable to supply the stile aforesaid, to continue until the first Monday him as speedily as we desire, from the continued in April, 1832. increase of our patrons.

Printed and published by H. NILES, Water-street, near the Merchants' Coffee House, at $5 per annum.

Legislature of Kentucky.

Monday, December 16.-Mr. Hawkins read and laid on the table the following resolutions:

when Great Britain has ceased to harrass and injure us-when she has shewn towards us an amicable disposition in the true spirit of justice-when she has ceased her efforts to diminish that security and prosperity, which are the eternal barriers of sepation from her power, and to impair that liberty and independence forced from her reluctant grasp.

Waereas it is deemed by the legislature of this state, that they have, in the name, and on behalf of their constituents, at all times, a right to express, so far as their knowledge and information will ena We could willingly have hailed a friend in a forble them, the sense of the good people of this state, mer unnatural parent, and from the experience of respecting the measures of the national government. her regard to principles of justice, and reciprocal And a crisis in our public affairs having arrived, good offices, have ceased to recall those wanton which, in the opinion of this legislature, calls for cruelties that alienated us forever from her family. the expression of her public sentiment respecting But when we have discovered a systematic course the course to be adopted in order to resist the re of injury from her towards our country, evidencing peated, long continued and flagrant violations of too strongly to be mistaken, an utter disregard of our rights as a free and independent nation, by almost every principle of acknowledged rights beGreat Britain and France, and by the former espe tween independent nations; endeavoring by almost cially-whose pretensions are an insuit to our sove-every act of violence on the high seas-on the reignty, and which it yielded to, must end in our coasts of foreign powers with whom we were in entire submission to whatever they may think pro-amity-and even in sight of our own harbors, by per to impose. capturing and destroying our vessels: confiscating The people of this state, though not immediately our property: forcibly imprisoning and torturing exposed to those piratical depredations, which vex our fellow-citizens: condemning some to death: and destroy the commerce of their eastern brethren slaughtering others, by attacking our ships of war: on the ocean, cannot be less deeply interested in impressing all she can lay her hands upon, to man their effects. They look to the sufferings and her vessels: bidding defiance to our sea-ports; inwrongs of a single member as intimately affecting sulting our national honor, by every means that the whole body. But when an evil becomes soflawless force and brutality can devise: inciting the general and inveterate in its deliterious effects, as savages to murder the inhabitants of our delenceless to threaten dissolution, unless a proper and forci frontiers: furnishing them with arms and ammuble remedy is applied-the state of Kentucky, nition lately, to attack our forces, to the loss of a yielding to none in patriotism; in its deep rooted number of brave men and by every art of power, attachment to the sacred bond of the union; in its and intrigue, seeking to dispose of our whole faithful remembrance of the price of our freedom, strength and resources, as may suit her unrestrainand in the heartfelt conviction that our posterity ed ambition or interest-and when her very offers have a sacred claim upon us, to transmit to them of redress go only to sanc ion her wrongs, and unimpaired this God-like inheritance, cannot fail to be penetrated with any event which threatens even to impair it; much less then can she be in sensible to those daring wrongs of a foreign power, which lead to its immediate destruction.

seek merely a removal of those obstacles interposed by our government, to the full enjoyment of her iniquitous benefits; we can be at no loss what course should be pursued.

Should we tamely submit, the world ought to despise us-We should despise ourselves-She, herself, would despise us.

If the people of this state have looked up with confidence to the general government, whose func tions empowered, and whose duty imperiously When she shall learn to respect our rights, we called for a remedy to the evils so intolerable in shall hasten to forget her injuries. Wherefore: their progress, and in their consequences so me 1. Resolved, by the general assembly for the nacing-(and redress for which has been so long state of Kentucky, that this state feels deeply sensidelayed) it has not been without a firm and settled ble of the continued, wanton, and flagrant viola purpose not always to bear the lash, nor finally to become beasts of burden.

Forbearance beyond a certain point, ceases to be moderation and must end in entire subjection.

tions by Great Britain and France of the dearest rights of the people of the United States, as a free and independent nation: that those violations, if not discontinued, and ample compensation made It is not the purpose of this legislature to reca for them, ought to be resisted with the whole pow pitulate, nor enter into any argument, to prove the er of our country. existence and extent of those injuries, sustained 2. Resolved, that as war seems probable, so far from both the great belligerents of Europe. Those as we have any existing evidence of a sense of jus who feel need not reason to produce the conviction tice on the part of the government of Great Britain, of unjust suffering-and those who cannot feel that the state of Kentucky, to the last mite of her wrongs so palpable, no reasoning will convince.

We wish we could have it in our power to say,

strength and resources, will contribute them to maintain the contest, and support the right of their A A