"The American government having made such haste to publish Rodgers' account of his action with the Little Belt, as if they were anxious to shew their desire to shut the door against all negociation, exJames H. Ludlow, midshipman, saw the same. planation and adjustment, our government have David G. Ingraham, midshipman, saw the same. felt it their duty not to withhold captain Bingham's account. It will be found that we published a corLieutenant Creighton, testified to the offers of as-rect sketch of it in the Courier, of the 4th instant, sistance from commodore Rodgers to the Belt the and that the account given by the American is any next morning. thing but the true one. Captain Bingham knew Here the examination closed, having as we un-her to be an American frigate by her colors; Red. derstand, embraced every deck officer, as well as gers, therefore, must have known that the Little Belt captains of guns now on board the President, who was but a sloop, and as our colors were hoisted, were present during the action-The hours when that she was a British sloop. But he came down the chase and actions took place, with the course upon us with an evident hostile intention, attempts teered, and some technical sea terms, are omitted ing to lay his ship in a position to rake our's. He as unessential to the material objects of enquiry. did not hail us first as he asserted, following up

Dutch

. 27,916,000

4,922,000

4,411,000

4,100,000

1,075,000

42,424,000

This comprehends the late
additions, and includes
the three departments of
the Ems-to which add-
The Roman state-Italian . 875,000
Valais
126,000

that impudent falshood with a lecture upon the French language
"rules of politeness." We hailed the first and Italian
second time, receiving each time only a repetition Flemish or
of our question. There was no single gun fired by German
us or on either side. But the American, the mo- Lower Brittany
ment after he had hailed the second time, poured a
broadside into our sloop, which of course was
immediately returned, and an action took place;
not of five minutes only, as the Bucanneer stated,
but of three quarters of an hour-18 British guns
against 44 American! And we never struck our
colors! This is placed beyond a doubt by the
Bucanneer's question and captain Bingham's an-
swer. The next day the American sent a boat on Total population of the EMPIRE
board to express his regret "for the unfortunate Another statement gives the population thus :
affair," to tell a direct lie that he did not know our in the 112 departments of
force to be so inferior, and to follow it up with|
another falsehood, that we fired the first gun.-
"This," says captain Bingham, "was positively Holland
not the case," and if we had not the sacred word
of a British officer, we still should have said how If to the mighty aggregate we add the
wholly improbable it was that a sloop of war should
commence hostilities within pistol shot of a large
44 gun frigate.

There is however one point of captain Bing. ham's letter in which we do not agree with him. He says, "by the manner he apologised, it appeared to me evident, that had he fallen in with a British frigate he would certainly have brought her to action." No, no: the man who could begin hos tilities by attacking a vessel of so inferior force would have shrunk from a contest with a ship of equal force. However, we hope he will "fall in with a British frigate, and bring her to action."

"The American government having published Rodgers' account, and approved of his conduct, thereby precluding all negociation; captain Bing. ham's letter having placed it beyond a doubt that the hostile conduct of the American was unprovoked, and that letter being coupled with admiral Sawyer's previous instructions, demonstrative of the anxiety of our government not to give the least provocation or cause of offence to the United States, there is but one course left for us to pursue. The blood of our murdered countrymen must be revenged, and WAR MUST ENSUE. The conduct of America leaves us no alternative; and therefore it is idle, if not worse, to treat the subject as if it were "an inconvenient dilemma which ministers," according to the opposition, have solely to attribute to their own, folly, in not confirming Mr. Erskine's sensible arrangement."

France

Kingdom of Italy

Total

.

36,060,104
5,439,555
1,881,880

other tributary or dependent king-
doms and states, we may venture to
assert, with tolerable correctness,
that the " emperor of the French"
presides over not less than sixty five
millions of the human race.

The military establishment of France
varies according to circumstances-
it is believed there have been more
than a million of men under arms,
excluding the forces of her allies or
dependencies the present amount
of French troops, in round num-
bers, is about,

140,000
100,000

Say, of Infantry of the line 300,000
Light infantry
Cavalry
Artillery and Engineers 50,000
Besides these there is an im-
perial guard whose num-
ber is

8,500

The active force at the disposal of
France, at the beginning of the year
1807, consisting of armed men

43,425,000,

*42,381,458

565,000

1,144,000 [At present we are not sufficiently informed of the naval power of France to venture on a statement which shall, however, be published when we possess the facts necessary to it.]

REVENUES, EXPENDITURES, &c. Of Mr. Erskine's sensible arrangement we Therevenue, as well as the expenditures of France, have so often expressed our opinion, that it were being chiefly, if not entirely, at the will of the emunnecessary to repeat it. We have behaved towards peror, renders it almost impossible to form an exAmerica with UNEXAMPLED FORBEARANCE; but act calculation, as what he receives from exterior that forbearance has produced INSOLENCE, AND means is not fully known--the receipts, however,

of all denominations, have been estimated at from 800 to 900 millions of francs-(from 150 millions to $168,750,000)-the disbursements about the samebut, as observed before, these estimates are very uncertain, and compared with the revenue and expenditure of Great Britain, would appear not to amount to one half of what we might expect them to be. For instance, the whole support of the French armies and their contingent expences, are stated to be about 300 millions of francs (say 60 millions of dollars)-the British army expenditures for the last year amounted to more than 80 millions. A French army, however, is supported at a less cost than a British army: provisions, &c. being much cheaper. We give the facts as we find them.

*This amount by adding the Roman state" and Valais, is nearly the same as the preceding.

122

acres 131,722,295

persons

acres.

do.

70,000,000 6,000,000

do. 16,500,000 do. 14,000,000

Paris, according to a late census, contained 517,576 individuals the following curious estimate of some France (proper) contains of the articles consumed (annually) by them is worth The ploughed lands are estimated at recording 193,271 head of horned cattle, 55,365 hogs; 400,000 sheep, 36,500 dozen pigeons, besides Vineyards an immense quantity of fowls; 100,000 cwt. of salt Woodlands water fish, fresh and salted; 1,000,000 dozen of Pasture lands oysters; the value of 1,002,000 francs ($187,861) in fresh water fish; 76,000 ctaw fish: wine to the value of 42 millions of franes ($7,870,000); brandy to the value of 6,400,000 francs ($1,200,000); vine gar to the value of 460,000 francs ($86,200); cider about the same; 206,788,224 pounds of bread; 107,000 quarters of oats, and 42,500 ditto of bar-we lev.

Heath, and uncultivated lands, rivers,
lakes, &c about

do. 25,000,000

The bank of France has notes in cir-
culation to the amount of 120 mil.
lions of francs.

$22,500,000

The foregoing may suffice for a general view ; have spared no pains to make it as correct as possible, by many references to the best authorities. Paris is distant from Rome, 810 miles; Naples, -When we shall enter upon the details, as we 966; Leghorn, 612; Venice, 690; Genoa, 540; propose to do, we expect to present a great number Milan, 465; Turin, 480; Constantinople, 1596; of interesting facts not commonly known; and Basle, 300; St. Petersburg, 1483; Prague, 900;by which we shall be able to point out the material Vienna, 810; Berlin, 636; Dresden, 636; Amster-errors, if any there should appear to be, in the dam, 276; Stockholm, 912; Copenhagen, 720; above. London, 270; Cadiz, 1080; Lisbon, 1020; Madrid,

750.

MISCELLANEOUS.

In 1787, it was estimated that France had tons of shipping

2,007,761

History

Of the Invasion of Spain by Bonaparte. ABRIDGED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC SOURCES. CHAPTER II.

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 27.)

Among the cities of the French empire contain ing more than 50,000 inhabitants, are the following: Amsterdam, 220,000; Venice, 200,000; Milan, 170,000; Rome, 160,000; Hamburg, 160,000; Mar seilles, 102,217; Lyons, 100,041; Bordeaux, 112,800; Rouen, 87,000; Genoa, 75,801; Florence, 75,207; Nantes, 77,128; Brussels, 72,280; Turin, 65.100; Lisle, 59,721; Antwerp, 62,025; Grand, General Savary was now announced as envoy 57,329; Leghorn, 50.582, Ghent, 56,000; Leige, from the emperor and obtained an audience in that 50,100; Thoulouse, 51,000; Bologna, 74000, and capacity. He professed that he was sent merely to many others, of which, as well as those as low as compliment Ferdinand, and to know whether his twelve thousand we may have occasion to publish a sentiments with respect to France were conformacomplete list. ble to those of the king his father; if it were so, the emperor would forego all consideration of what had passed; would in no degree interfere with the interior concerns of the kingdom; and would immediately recognize him as king of Spain and of the Indies. To this the most satisfactory answer was given. It neither was nor could have been the in tention of the prince's party to offend France; the only hope which they had hitherto entertained of regenerating their government, had been by allying themselves with Bonaparte, and availing themselves of his power. One of the charges against Godoy which were current among the people, was that of a secret understanding with the English, and that he intended to deliver Cuesta into their hands, and fly with all his treasures under their protection. Nothing could be desired more flattering than $28,000,000 the language of Savary during this audience; and he concluded it by asserting that the emperor was already near Bayonne, and on his way to Madrid.

The exports in the same year were rated thus:

Product of the soil,livres 311,472,000
Industry
251,132,000
The internal improvements in France
are fully commensurate with the
mighty views of her ruler; we have
a list with a concise description of
the several canals, which we intend
to publish-for the present will only
observe, that, for internal improve-
ments this year, the emperor has ap-
propriated

Agriculture furnishes for the internal
trade of France, articles to the value
of 1,820 millions of francs
To wit, wine and bandy worth 350
millions; oil 60; corn 700; cattle
400; forage 60; wood and charcoal
140 wool 35; silk 25, and hemp
and flax 60 millions.

*The franc is rated at 18 3-4 cents.

$118,141,740

$341,650,000

No sooner however had this envoy left the audience chamber, than he began, as if in his individual capacity, to execute the real object of his mission. It would be highly grateful and flattering to his imperial majesty, he said, if the king would meet him on the road and he asserted, repeatedly, and in the most positive terms, that his arrival might be expect ed every hour. So positive was he in asserting this

hood, and so urgent in pressing the advice, that Fer possible not to see the weakness of his attachments. dinand, incapable of believing, as he needs must Oh wretchedness of human nature! imbecility and have been, that this envoy of an emperor was sent error! such is our lot. The events of the North merely for the purpose of deceiving him, yielded to retarded my journey, and the occurrences at Aranhis solicitations, half tempted by his flattery, and at juez have supervened. I do not constitute myself the same time afraid to refuse what was so earnestly judge of those events: but it is very dangerous for required. It is mournful to transcribe the language kings to accustom their subjects to shed blood, and in which he communicated this resolution to the to take the administration of justice into their own president of the council. (Ap. 8) "He had received hands. I pray God that your highness may not certain intelligence, that his faithful friend and migh one day find it so. It would not be conformable to ty ally, the emperor of the French and king of Italy, the interest of Spain to proceed severely against & was already arrived at Bayonne, with the joyful and prince who is united to one of the royal family, and salutary purpose of passing through this kingdom to has so long governed the kingdom. He has no the great satisfaction of himself, (the king) and to longer any friends; as little will your royal highness the great profit and advantage of his beloved sub-find any should you cease to be jortunate the people jects. His absence could last only a few days, during eagerly avenge themselves for the homage which which he expected from the love and fidelity of his they pay us." dear subjects, who had hitherto conducted them- This was the language of a tyrant who felt that selves in so praise-worthy a manner, that they would he held his power by no other tenure than that of continue to remain tranquil; that the good harmo torce, and reconciled himself to his own usurpation ny between them and the French troops would still by a base philosophy,-thinking ill of human nature be maintained; and that those troops should be because he could not think well of himself. What punctually supplied with every thing necessary for followed was more remarkable. "How," said he, their maintenance." On the same day he appointed" could the Prince de la Paz be brought to trial his uncle, the Infante Don Antonio, president of the without implicating the king and queen in the prohigh council of government, as well, it was said, on cess of exciting seditious passions, the result of account of the ties of blood, as because of the dis- which might be fatal to your crown. Your royal tinguished qualities with which he was endowed, to highness has no other right to it than what you transact all necessary and pressing business which derive from your mother. If the cause injures her might occur during his absence. In this decree he honor, you destroy your own claims. Do not give stated that he should go to Burgos, evidently imply-ear to weak and perfidious councils. You have no ing an intention at that time not to go farther. right to try the Prince de la Paz; his crimes, if any Accordingly on the morning of the 11th of April, are imputed to him, merge in the prerogative of Ferdinand began this unhappy journey. Savary, the crown. He may be banished from Spain, and affecting the most zealous and assiduous attention, I may offer him an asylum in France." solicited the honor of accompanying him ;-he had The reader, will at once perceive the meaning of just, he said, received information of the emperor's the infamous insinuation which is here made against approach, and it was not possible that they should the legitimacy of Ferdinand; and it will excite senproceed farther than Burgos before they met him. sations of a very solemn character to reflect on the They reached Burgos and Bonaparte was not there, degradation of feeling which could not be roused at neither were there any tidings of his drawing near. the bare suspicion. In what light soever the charac Savary who had followed the young king in a seter of the prince may have been viewed through the parate carriage, urged him to proceed to Vittoria. dubious vista in which it has hitherto been concealed, Ferdinand hesitated: but the same flatteries and here is an act which is stripped of all mystery, doubt falsehoods on the part of the French envoy, and the or denial. That a man should tamely listen to such same anxiety and secret fear which had induced him an accusation against his mother-that a king-a to come this far, made him again consent. At Vit-Spanish king, should thus be deterred from the toria, Ferdinand received intelligence that Bona- punishment of "his bitterest enemies," the author parte had reached Bordeaux, and was on his way to of all his countries woes, and the man who had Bayonne. In consequence of this advice, the In- compelled him to sign a confession that he had fante Don Carlos, who had been waiting at Tolosa, conspired against the life of his father, can scarcely proceeded to the latter place, whither the emperor be credited by men who are alive to the slightest had invited him: he reached that city some days sensations of honor. But Ferdinand had resigned before him. the sword of Francis I. and he wished to retain the crown of Spain.

Measures were soon resolved on. Savary who had proceeded to Bayonne, returned thither with a letter With respect to the abdication, Bonaparte said, from Bonaparte to Ferdinand. It began by ac that as that event had taken place when his armies knowledging the receipt of that letter which the were in Spain, it might appear in the eyes of Europe prince had written respecting the projected marriage and of posterity, as if he had sent those troops before the affair of the Escurial, and the receipt of merely to expel a friend and ally from his throne. which Bonaparte had formerly denied. "Your As a neighboring sovereign it became him, therehighness" said he,-for the title of king was carefore, to inform himself of all the circumstances, fully withheld, "will permit me, under the present before he acknowledged it. He added, "I declare circumstances, to address you with frankness and to your royal highness, to the Spaniards, and to sincerity. I expected that on my arrival at Madrid, the whole world, if the abdication of king Charles I should have persuaded my illustrious friend to be voluntary, and has not been forced upon him by make some necessary reforms in his dominions the insurrection and tumults at Aranjuez, I have which would give considerable satisfaction to the no difficulty in regarding and acknowledging your public feeling. The removal of the Prince de la Paz royal highness as king of Spain. I am therefore appeared to be indispensible to his happiness and the anxious to have some conversation with you on interest of the people. I have frequently expressed this subject. The circumspection which I have my wishes that he should be removed; and if I did observed upon this point ought to convince you of not persevere in my application, it was on account the support you will find in me, should it ever hap. of my friendship for king Charles, and a wish if pen that factions of any kind should disturb you on

your throne. When king Charles informed me of he could not for a moment conceal from himself the aflair of the Escurial, it gave me the greatest that it marked an intentional disrespect. Before he pain, and I flatter myself that I contributed to its had recovered from this ominous feeling which such happy termination. Your royal highness is not a reception occasioned, Bonaparte, accompanied by altogether free from blame; of this, the letter which many of his generals, paid him a visit. Ferdinand you wrote to me, and which I have always wished went down to the street door to receive him; and to forget, is a sufficent proof. When you are they embraced with every token of friendship. The king, you will know how sacred are the rights of interview was short, and merely complimentary; the throne. Every application of an hereditary Bonaparte again embraced him at parting. prince to a foriegn sovereign is criminal." This Ferdinand was not long suffered to remain uncerleiter seems to show that Ferdinand's letter related tain of his fate. Bonaparte, as if to prove to the to something more than the proposal of marriage. world the callousness of his heart, as if he derived an That marriage, Bonaparte said, accorded, in his unnatural pleasure in acting the part of a deceiver, opinion with the interests of his people, and he re-invited him to dinner-sent his carriage for him, garded it as a circumstance which would unite him came to the coach steps to receive him-again by new ties to a house whose conduct he had embraced him and led him in by the hand. Ferdievery reason to praise since he had ascended the nand sat at the same table with him as a friend, a throne. guest and an ally; and no sooner had he returned After a threat about the consequences of any popu to his residence than general Savary, the same lar commotion, Bonaparte assured the young king man who by his persuasions and solemn protestathat he had laid open the inmost sentiments of histions, had led him on from Madrid, came to inform heart, and that, under all circumstances, he should him of the emperor's irrevocable determination, conduct himself towards him in the same manner that the Bourbon dynasty should no longer reign as he had done towards the king, his father; and in Spain; that it was to be succeeded by the Bonahe concluded with this hypocritical form," my partes; and therefore Ferdinand was required in Cousin, I pray God to take you into his high and his own name, and that of all his family, to renounce holy keeping."

the crown of Spain and of the Indies in their favor.

Such a letter might well have alarmed Ferdinand, Some danger had undoubtedly been anticipated but he had advanced too far to recede, and the by Cevallos, the duke del Infantado, and Escoiquiz, French troops in the neighborhood of Vittoria sur. when they protested so urgently against his advancrounded him, ready, no doubt, to intercept his ing from Vittoria; and he himself could not have retreat if he should attempt it. Cevallos and his been without misgivings. They might have appreother councillors, and the people of Vittoria, be hended, that the abdication should not immediately sought him not to advance. On the other hand be acknowledged, or that it might have even been general Savary assured him, with the most vehe set aside: perhaps that a cession of territory might ment protestations, that the emperor took the be demanded. But their gloomy forebodings had greatest interest in his welfare, and he offered to never imagined any thing like this unrivalled vilpledge his life, that within a few minutes after his lainy. Astonished as they were and completely at arrival at Bayonne, he would be recognised as king the mercy of the tyrant, who, by such repeated of Spain and the Indies. The emperor, he said, to falsehoods, had decoyed them into his hands, they preserve his own consistency, would begin by giving did not loose their courage. And when Cevallos, him the title of highness; but he would presently on the following day, was summoned to the palace, give him that of majesty, &c. in three days every to discuss the terms of the renunciation with M. thing would be settled; and he might immediately Champagny, the minister of foreign affairs, he return to Spain. Confused, terrified, feeling him-complained of the perfidy which had been practised, seif in the power of Bonaparte, the only ease he protested, in Ferdinand's name, against the violence could find was in yielding implicit belief to those done to his person in not permitting him to return representations. By those who will pardon him to Spain: and as a categorical and final answer to for submitting to the disgraceful imputations on his the emperor's demand, declared that the king neibirth, his credulity can hardly be condemned. The ther could nor would renounce his crown; he could treachery was too complicated, too monstrous, to be not do a prejudice to the individuals of his own suspected. Centuries had elapsed since any act of family, who were called to the succession by the similar perfidy had stained the history of Europe. fundamental laws of the kingdom: and still less He proceeded and crossed the stream which could he consent to the establishment of another divides the two kingdoms. Scarcely had he set dynasty, it being the right of the Spanish nation to foot on the French territory, before he remarked, elect another family, whenever the present should that no one came to receive him; a neglect more become extinct. striking, as he had travelled so far to meet the em M. Champagny replied to this by insisting on peror. At St. Jean de Luz, however, the mayor the necessity of the renunciation, and contending made his appearance, attended by the municipality. that the abdication of Charles had not been volunToo humble to be informed of Bonaparte's designs,tary. Of this assertion, which was as ill-timed as and probably too honest to suspect them, he came to it was irrelevant, Cevallos readily availed himself, the carriage and addressed Ferdinand, expressing in expressing his surprize that, while they condemned the most lively manner the joy he felt at having the the abdication of Charles, as not having been his honor of being the first person to receive a sovereign own free act, they, at the same time, were endeathe friend and ally of France. Shortly afterwards voring to extort a renunciation from Ferdinand.he was met by the grandees, who had been sent to He then entered into details designed to prove that compliment the emperor: their account was suffi- no violence had been done to the father-king, either ciently discouraging; but he was now near Bay by the people, the prince or any other person, and onne, and it was too late to turn back. The prince that he had retired from government by his own of Neufchatel (Berthier) and Duroc, the marshal of unbiassed will. But Cevallos protested against the palace, came out to meet him, and conduct him acknowledging the smallest authority in the empe to the place which had been appointed for his resi- ror to intermeddle in matters which were purely dence-a place so little suited to such a guest that domestic, and exclusively belonged to the Spanish