The Chronicle. Baltimore, September 21, 1811. their own extermination, and, perhaps, render it necessary. The general conduct of the British in Canada, from lord Dorchester down to the humblest officer in "his majesty's" service, has been base, inThe papers continue barren of intelligence.. London dates to the 2nd of August have been re-human and detestable and must be checked. THE POPE. In a Cadiz paper of June 29, is ceived at Boston. The king was then alive-Bri "The public patish vessels are said to be admitted freely into the the following notice of the Pope: Russian ports-the Turks have been obliged since pers announce, that the holy father has been carried their defeat, mentioned in our last to cross the Da by order of Bonaparte, from Savona to Tortona, a fortress of Piedmont. The coincidence of this ocnube-a peace was expected.- -Various rumors are afloat as to a new coalition between Sweden, currence with the assembling of the Italian and Denmark, Russsia and England against France, French cardinals and Bishops at Paris, by order of but we consider them unworthy of the least credit-Bonaparte, gives occasion to many conjectures." In St. Domingo-" Henry I. king of Hayti," apaffairs in Spain and Portugal have not assumed a different aspect since our last notice of them—but pears to have established his power in the north part it is said the Spaniards are jealous of the English, of this island-the south is divided between the ri and have refused to admit a large body of their troops val chiefs, Petion and Rigaud, by turns at war with into Cadiz. 20,000 men were expected to arrive at each other and the king. The famed Francisco de Miranda, is general in Lisbon, from England, about the 10th of August. chief of the patriot armies of Caracas. On the Senate of Maryland. The electoral college of 7th of August, he reduced New Valentia, a tory disMaryland met at Annapolis for the purpose of choos trict of the new republic. The European Spaning senators, on Monday last. The following geniards, loath to give up their supposed superiority and tlemen, all republicans, were chosen : accustomed influence, have made many attempts to provoke insurrection. Wm. Pinkney and Levi Hollinsworth, Baltimore; Wm. M'Creery, Baltimore county; John Williams, Worcester; Solomon Frazier, Dorchester; Frede rick Holbrook, Caroline; Edward Lloyd, Talbot; James Brown, Q. Anne; William Hollingsworth, Cecil; Elijah Davis, Hartford; Upton Bruce, Al leghany; Wm. Thomas, St. Mary's; Lloyd Dorsey, A. Arundle; Moses Tabbs, Washington; Tho mas Hawkins, Frederick. We learn from various sources, that Miranda is suspected of aiming at supreme power, civil and military-and that he is closely watched by the people, jealous of their new-born liberty. Intending to have published an extra REGISTER this week, but which, at a late hour, we were The city of Charleston was visited by a dreadful disappointed in doing, some articles intended for Tornado on Tuesday the 10th instant. It came on this number, have been unavoidably omitted; and at the S. E. point of the city, overturning, destroy- others, of necessity, inserted, we would rather have ing or greatly damaging, in its progress many hou deferred for our next. In the ensuing week the ses and outbuildings, trees, fences, &c. it is com- design shall be accomplished, and every exertion puted that the loss of this city is little short of that made to keep pace with the increase of our patronexperienced by the great fire in October last-besides, several valuable lives were lost. age. As no important political discussion is at present The tornado appears to have been about one hundred yards wide; it passed through the city from before the people of the United States, we continue 9. E. to N. W. unroofing most of the houses, cast silent; but when the proper time arrives intend to ing down their chimneys, or literally prostrating fulfil our engagements, with impartiality. them to the ground. Ten persons are mentioned The editor again has the pleasure to present his as killed-it was supposed there were several others thanks to more than one hundred new subscribers, not reported, and a great many had their limbs bro-obtained during the week, and is highly gratified to ken, bruised, &c. learn the favorable reception the REGISTER has "This dreadful visitation, (says the writer of the generally received. He begs information as to irregu account in the Charleston paper,) is more afflicting larities or omissions-that they may be rectified, well than even the ravages of conflagration. The torna- knowing that at the commencement of a work like do struck suddenly; passed through the city with this, (when in the departments under his own imthe rapidity of lightning, and in an instant involved mediate control, he is unable, as yet, to arrange his in destruction and death both the habitations and matters as he wishes them) it is almost impossible inhabitants. No notice of the approaching danger that such things should not occur. It is proper to observe that the account of the was given and before friendship and humanity could fly to the relief of the sufferers, all was involved in proceedings of the court of enquiry inserted in ruin. It was preceded by a momentary deceitful this number, is not official: it is copied from the calm, and was attended by a steady rumbling noise, New-York Columbian, but doubtless, substantially correct should it appear otherwise, the official resembling that of a carriage rattling over a paveaccount will be published as soon as received. We ment." [A particular account in our next.] may also remark that captain Bingham's statement The mayor of New York has issued a proclama- has been confirmed by three or four persons on tion forbidding all intercourse with the city of Am-board his ship. At the request of several gentleboy,in New Jersey, being informed of the prevalence men, who wish to have all the facts before them at of an infectious or pestilential disease in that city. one view, and to preserve them, we shall in a future Governor Harrison of the Indian territory, has number insert the official papers connected with ordered a detachment of the United States troops the attack on the Chesapeake. to march and break up the Shawanoe association, On hand, prepared for the press, an analytica! and a party of volunteers from Kentucky were about review of the essay on the principle of population, starting to join them. It is to be regretted that the by T. R. Malthus: and several other valuable arIndians, in listening to the councils of the wretches ticles, which shall be disposed of as speedily as who have always deceived them, should provoke possible. VOL. I.J BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, SEPTEMER 28, 1811. -I wish no other herald, No other speaker of my living actions, "To keep mine honor from corruption "But such an honest chronicler." Shakespeare -HENRY VIII. [No.4 Printed and punished by H. NILES, Water-street, near the Merchants' Collee-House, at $5 per ammon. The "affair" of the Chesapeake. Jan officer who demanded four men. Commodore At the request of several gentlemen; and, indeed Barron said he considered the Chesapeake as a prize in strict concord with our general plan, we pro to the Leopard :-the captain of which vessel, said ceed to Register a concise account of the attack no-that his orders were to take out the men, which on the United States' irigate Chesapeake, by the having executed, he had nothing further to do with British man of war, Leopard, on the 22d of June, her. Thus dismissed she returned to Hampton 1807, off the capes of Virginia. As, in some of Roads, where she now lies. She received in her the public documents we may find it useful to hull twenty-two round shot, her foremast and maininsert hereafter, the nature of the transaction is mast were destroyed, her mizen-mast greatly injured, pointedly exposed, the annexed account has been and her rigging and sails very much cut. made as short as a history of the case would admit of. We commence with the following annunciation of the event from the National Intelligencer; every part of which was afterwards substantiated by indubitable testimony. Of the wounded eight are considered dangerous, and two have lost an arm. Commodore Barron suffered a contusion, received from a splinter which is not serious. No other officer is wounded, excepting midshipman Broom, and he but slightly. Nothing evinces in more striking colors, the insolence of captain Humphries, than his immediate return after this outrage to the capes where he now lies with the other ships of the squadron.” . On the second day of July, the president of the United States issued the annexed proclamation— BY THOMAS JEFFERSON, WASHINGTON, June 26. "British Outrage.-We give the public the particulars of the following outrage on the American flag, under the influence of feelings, which we are cer tain, are in union with those entertained universally with our fellow-citizens; feelings which we cannot, which ought not to be suppressed. We know not PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, indeed that this savage outrage has a precedent in A PROCLAMATION. naval annals. During the wars which, for some time, have unOn Monday last the U. S. frigate Chesapeake, happily prevailed among the powers of Europe, the of 38 guns, left the capes, where there lay at anchor United States of America, firm in their principle of a British squadron consisting of three two deckers peace, have endeavored by justice, by a regular and one frigate of 38 guns. As she passed this discharge of all their national and social duties, and squadron, without molestation, one of the two by every friendly office their situation has admitted, deckers, the Leopard, put off, and went to sea to maintain with all the belligerents, their accus before the Chesapeake. When the latter came up tomed relations of friendship, hospitality and com. with the Leopard, at the distance of about three mercial intercourse. Taking no part in the questions leagues from the squadron, her commander, cap which animate these powers against each other, nor tain Humphries, hailed the Chesapeake, and said he permitting themselves to entertain a wish but for bad a dispatch to deliver from the British comman the restoration of general peace, they have observed der in chief (meaning admiral Berkeley of the Ame with good faith the neutrality they assumed, and rican station.) Commodore Barron, supposing it they believed that no instance of departure from its was a dispatch for Europe, hove to, when captain duties can be justly imputed to them by any nation. Humphries sent on board of her a letter covering A free use of their harbors and waters, the means an order of admiral Berkeley, to take from the Che of refitting and of refreshment, of succor to their sapeake three men alleged to be deserters from the sick and suffering, have, at all times, and on equal Melampus frigate, and designating them by name. principles, been extended to all, and this too amidst Commodore Barron replied by letter that no such a constant recurrence of acts of insubordination to men as named in admiral Berkeley's order were on the laws, of violence to the persons, and of trespass board, and added that his crew could not be mustered on the property of our citizens, committed by offi. for examination by any other officers than his own. cers of one of the belligerent parties received among This answer was couched in terms of politeness. It us. In truth these abuses of the laws of hospitality was no sooner received than a broad-side was dis- have, with few exceptions, become habitual to the charged from the Leopard. The crew of the Chesa commanders of the British armed vessels hovering peake at this time were not at quarters, considering on our coasts and frequenting our harbors.— the Leopard a friend, and commodore Barron not They have been the subject of repeated representacontemplating the possibility of danger so immedi-tions to their government. Assurances have been ately after leaving the capes. No other attempt was given that proper orders should restrain them within therefore made to fight her than the discharge of the limit of the rights, and of the respect due to a a few straggling guns, while the Leopard repeated friendly nation: but those orders and assurances three or four more broad sides; when the Chesa-have been without effect; no instance of punishpeake struck her colors, after having three men ment for past wrongs has taken place. At length, killed and eighteen wounded. la deed, transcending all we have hitherto seemor R suffered, brings the public sensibility to a necessary And I do hereby enjoin and require all persons crisis, and our forbearance to a necessary pause. bearing offices civil or military within or under the A frigate of the United States, trusting to a state of authority of the United States, and all others citipeace, and leaving her harbor on a distant service, izens or inhabitants thereof, or being within the has been surprised and attacked by a British vessel same, with vigilance and promptitude to exert their of superior force, one of a squadron then lying in respective anthorities, and to be aiding and assisting our waters and covering the transaction, and has to the carrying this proclamation and every part been disabled from service, with the loss of a num-thereof into full effect. ber of men killed and wounded. This enormity Provided nevertheless, that if any such vessel shall was not only without provocation or justifiable cause, be forced into the harbors or waters of the United but was committed with the avowed purpose of tak States by distress, by the danger of the sea, or by the ing by force, from a ship of war of the United States, pursuit of the enemy, or shall enter them charged a part of her crew, and that no circumstance might|with dispatches or business from the government, or be wanting to mark its character, it had been pre shall be a public packet for the conveyance of letters viously ascertained that the seamen demanded were and dispatches, the commanding officer immediately native citizens of the United States Having effect-reporting his vessel to the collector of the district, ed his purpose, he returned to an anchor with his stating the object or causes of entering the said harsquadron within our jurisdiction. Hospitality un bors or waters, and conforming himself to the reder such circumstances ceases to be a duty; and a gulations in that case prescribed under the authoricontinuance of it, with such uncontrolled abuses, ty of the laws, shall be allowed the benefit of such would tend only by multiplying injuries and i rita-regulations respecting supplies, stay, intercourse tions, to bring on a rupture between the two nations. and departure as shall be permitted under the same The extreme resort is equally opposed to the inter-authority. ests of both, as it is to assurances of the most friend. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of ly dispositions on the part of the British govern- the United States to be affixed to these presents and ment, in the midst of which the outrage has been signed the same. committed. In this light the subject cnnot but present itself to that government, and strengthen the motives to an honorable reparation of the wrong which has been done,and to that effectual control of its naval commanders, which alone can justify the government of the U. States in the exercise of those hospitalities it is now constrained to discontinue. In consideration of these circumstances' and of the right of every nation to regulate its own police, to provide for its peace and for the safety of its citi zens, and consequently to refuse the admission of armed vessels into its harbors or waters, either in such numbers or of such descriptions, as are inconsistent with these, or with the maintenance of the authority of the laws, have thought proper, in pursuance of the authorities especially given by law, [ to issue this my PROCLAMATION,hereby requir ing all armed vessels bea ing commissions under the government of Great Britain, now within the har bors or waters of the United States, immediately and without any delay to depart from the same, and interdicting the entrance of all the said harbors and waters to the said armed vessels, and to all others bearing commissions under the authority of the British government. And if the said vessels or any of them, shall fail to depart as aforesaid, or if they or any others, so interdicted shall hereafter enter the harbors or wa ters aforesaid, I do in that case forbid ali intercourse with them or any of them, their officers or crews, and do prohibit all supplies and aids from being fur nished to them or any of them." And I do declare and make known, that if any person from, or within the jusi-dictional limits of the United States, shall afford any aid to any such vessel, contrary to the prohibition contained in this proclamation, either in repairing any such vessel, or in furnishing her, her officers or crew, with supplies of any kind, or in any manner whatsoever, or if any pilot shall assist in navigating any of the said armed vessels, unless it be for the purpose of carrying them in the first instance, beyond the limits and jurisdie tion of the United States, or unless it be in the ca e of a vessel forced by distress, or charged with pub lic dispatches as hereinafter provided for, such per son or persons shall on conviction, suffer all the pains and penalties by the laws provided for such offences. Given at the city of Washington, this second day of July, in the year of our Lord one [SEAL.] thousand eight hundred and seven, and of the sovereignty and independence of the United States, the thirty first. THOMAS JEFFERSON. By the es dent, JAMES MADISON, secretary of state. The British squadron still continued in our waters, and the e-tizens of Norfolk (as did the whole body of the American people as the news reached them) having entered in'o some spirited resolutions on the subject, and spontaneously seized their arms, among other things forbidding all communication with the hostile ships, J. E. Douglas, the British commodore, in a letter dated on board the Bellona, Hampton Roads, July 2, 1507, addressed to the mayor of Norfolk, insolently threatened as though he would obstruct the whole trade of the Chesapeake bay and its waters, unless some of these resolutions were " immediately annul ed." Richard Evers Lee, Esq. the mayor, answered him as he deserved-but the brave commodore did not carry his threats into execution, though he suffered his people, at times to amuse themselves by firing at some of our vessels and robbing a few others. Shortly after (July 5, the president of the United States issued his orders to the governors of the several states for the equipment and organization of 160,600 m3litia. The requis sition was almost immediately complied wiha greater number of citizens volunteered their services than the quotas of most of the states allowed. The ardor of the people was indescri bable; the rancor of party, which, though it em bitters social intercourse, may be necessary to the existence of a republican government, appeared lost in the general desire to avenge common wrong. "At the call of the law, all rallied round the standard of the law, and united in common efforts for the cominon good.”— But some afterwards-began to apologise; and finally, a few openly justified the British admiral, though the act was disavowed by his own govern ment! In a Halifax paper of June 7, were published the following orders of Admiral Berkley-being those under which captain ¡¡umphries acted: "By the honorable George Cranfield Berkeley,[free will, by their own confession.* Of the other Vice Admnival of the white, and commander in man taken from the Chesapeake we have no partichief of his majesty's ship and vessels, employed cular information before us at present. The British in the river St. Lawrence, along the coast of aid he was guilty of piracy and mutiny and hung him Nova Scotia, the Island of St. John and Cape-whether he was innocent or not appears doubtful. Breton, the Bay of Fundy, and at, and about the We shall close this account with the proceedings Island of Bermuda, or Somers' Island. of the court of enquiryt-merely observing, that the British ministry disavowed the act o: admiral Berkeley, and for a short time suspended him; he was, however, soon appointed to a more important command. By the arrangement entered into by Whereas many seamen, subjects of his Britannic majesty, and in his majesty's ships and vessels, as per inargin, (Belleisle, Bellona, Triumph, Chiches ter, Halifax, Zenobia, cutter) while at anchor in the Chesapeake, deserted and entered on board the Mr. Erskine, reparation for this outrage, murder and United States frigate the Chesapeake, and openly insult was partially made and accepted-but as his paraded the streets of Norfolk, in sight of their offi-arrangement was disannulied, the assault is yet uncers, under the American flag, pro ected by the atoned for, and cannot be forgiven or forgotten. It magistrates of the town, and the recruiting officer is of no importance to the question whether the belonging to the above mentioned American frigate, men were Americans or not-whether they had which magistrates and naval officer refusing to give been impressed or entered the British service volunthem up, although demanded by his Britannic matarily. A vessel of war is always considered a part jesty's consul, as well as the captains of the ships of the territory of the nation to which she belongs; from which the said men deserted. The captains esteemed as reprehensible as if he had attacked one and the act of Berkeley was, therefore, justly' and commanders of his majesty's ships and vessels. under my command, are, therefore, hereby required of our cities; and, after killing and wounding as and directed, in case of meeting with the American many as he thought fit, entered the same, and carrifrigate Chesapeake, at sea, and without the limitsed off some of the citizens to fight the battles of of the United States, to show to the captain of her, "the king, his master." this order, and to require to search his ship for the deserters from the before mentioned ships, and to proceed and search for the same; and if a similar demand shall be made by the American, he is to be permitted to search for any deserters from their service, according to the customs and usage of civilized nations, on terms of peace and amity with each other. At a court of enquiry assembled on board the United States ship Chesapeake, in the harbor of Norfolk and state of Virginia, by order of the hon. Robert Smith, secretary of the navy of the United States, and continued by adjournment from day to day, from Monday the fifth day of October, 1807, until Wednesday the 4th day of November, 1807. Present, Captain ALEXANDER MURRAY, president, and captains Isaac Hull and Isaac Chauncey, members thereof. It appears to the court, that antecedent to the sailing of the Chesapeake, there had been received on board of her some persons who had been claimed by the British government as deserters from their service, but who were not ordered to be delivered up by the American officers-that there was also a report in circulation, and generally known on board the Chesapeake, that a threat had been used by the captain of the British ship of war, Melampus, to take these men from the Chesapeake-that commodore Barron had full knowledge of the facts that such men were on board his ship, that they had been demanded by the British government, and had not been delivered up, the court are perfectly satisfied; but no positive evidence has been adduced to prove, that the report of the threat above mentioned was communicated to him before his ship sailed. Three of the four persons carried off as deserters were certainly proved to be American citizens. Mr. Erskine, the British minister, had applied to the secretary of state for the delivery of William Ware, Daniel Martin, John Strahan, and John Little, alias Francis, and Ambrose Watts, alleged to be deserters from his king's service, and to have entered on board the Chesapeake frigate. Though the United States did not admit the right to demand these men, or feel bound to give them up, supposing the facts to be as stated, an enquiry was instituted, and it appeared to captain Barron, that are and Martin, were pressed from the American brig NepLune, by the British frigate Melampus, in the bay It appears to the court that the Chesapeake in of Biscay. Strahan, was impressed by the same proceeding from Hampton Roads, to sea, passed a vessel from on board a British Guineaman; and, British squadron at anchor in Lynnhaven Bay, who to better his situation had entered the service: at the time of her passing them were making signals Ware and Strahan had protections-Martin said he to each other, which was not only reported to comlost his on leaving the Melampus frigate. By submodore Barron by one of the officers but actually sequent testimony on the oaths of many reputable observed by himself. persons it appeared, that Ware was born in Allegha- It appears to the court that the British ship of ny county, and Strahan in Queen Anns county, in war Leopard of fifty guns, one of the squadron then the state of Maryland. Martin, at six years of age, at anchor within the limits of the United States, was brought to Westport, Massachusetts, by Wil weighed immediately after the signals were thrown liam Howland, supposed from some of the Spanish out and stood to sea. settlements-at 14 years of age he was bound out as an apprentice, and after continuing some time in that capacity, absconded. Little, alias Francis, and Watts, were reported by captain Barron not to have been entered by his recruiting officer. On the trial of Ware, Martin and Strahan, at Halifax, by the British, they were admitted as Americans, but late declared to have entered the service of their own 'e es. It does not appear to the court, that at this time there was any vessel in sight, or other object to induce her to go to sea but the Chesapeake. *British account. We have published only those items which reimmediately to the attack, and its circumstan Barron was finally suspended. It appears to the court that at the time the Leo, of the sixth article of the rules and regulations for pard got under weigh, the wind was at south south the government of the navy of the United States, west, and therefore fair for her to proceed to sea: adopted by an act of the congress of the United but that instead of availing herself of this to clear States, passed on the 23d of April, 1800, entitled the land, she hauled by the wind, close round Cape" An act for the better government of the navy of Henry, and stood to the southward, under easy sail: the United States," thereby shewing that it was not her intention to get ed the land speedily. It appears to the court that after this the wind b came light and baffling, and likely to shift, and came out from the eastward: that when this hap pened, the Leopard shortened sail, and stood to the eastward. It appears to the court, that although the Chesapeake might and ought to have been better defended than she was, yet she was not in a situation at the time of the attack made upon her to have enaled so gallant a defence being made as might be expected. Some of her guns were not securely fitted in their carriages, some of her sponges and It appears to the court, that after this the wind wads were too large, few of her powder horns were did come out from about south south-east, and that filled, her matches were not primed, some of her the Leopard having thus got the weather guage, rammers were not in their proper places, the mapreserved it by tacking in shore when the Chesa-ines were neither supplied with enough of carpeake did so in order to get off her pilot, and after tridges, or were those which they had of the proper the Chesapeake again stood off to the eastward, size. None of those circumstances however could that the Leopard wore and bore down for her. have influenced commodore Barron in striking his It appears to the court, that when the Leopard colors, because they were not known to him at the came along side of the Chesapeake an officer was time. gent from her with a communication from captain Humphries, the captain of the Leopard, to coninocore Barron, which the latter did not nor could not misunderstand, but very correctly concluded to be a demand with which we ought not and could not comply, and one which, if refused, would be enforc ed if possible. It appears to the court, that although such was the situation and impression of commodore Barron at this time, yet that he did not still order his ship to be prepared for action, although ample time was allowed for that purpose, the British officer being detained on board the Chesapeake from 35 to 45 minates. Malthus on Population. An Analytical review of the "Essay on the principle It appears to the court, that after the British off cer had left the Chesapeake, bearing a positive re fusal from commodore Barron to the demand which had been made by captain Humphries, and after Various writers in different ages of the world, commodore Barron was himself satisfied that an have turned their studies and attention to this imattack upon his ship would be made, he did not portant subject; amongst the most celebrated of take prompt, necessary, and efficient means to pre- whom may be reckoned lord Hale, sir James pare his ship for battle. That his first order was Stewart, the count de Buffon, Hume, Chalmers, merely to clear his gun deck, and the second are: Price, &c.; but it was reserved for the learned authe lapse of some time, was to get his men to quar thor under review, to reduce it to a clear and perters secretly, without beat of drum; although with spicuous system. For, though he has modestly such a crew as he had on board, and in such a situ entitled his work an "Essay," it will be found to ation as the ship then was, it was not to be expected contain so many important facts, introduced with that such orders could be effectually accomplished. a force of reasoning so irresistably conclusive as to It appears to the court, the conduct of com deserve a place among our most finished performanmodore Barion during the attack of the Leopard ces. He sets out upon a postulatum which may manifested great indecision, and a disposition to without scruple be admitted, that all living nature negociate, rather than a determination bravely to is constantly tending to excess of increase, but in defend his ship. That he repeatedly hailed the different ratios; otherwise the earth at the present Leopard during her attack upon him-That he moment would have been insuficient to have condrew his men from their guns to lowering down tained its animate inhabitants. In a very early boats to send on board the attacking ship-and epoch of the world, philosophers found it necessathat he ordered his first lieutenant from his quarters ry to direct their enquiries to the means of checkduring the attack, to carry a message on board the ing this excessive increase of the human species Leopard, at that time firing upon him. beyond those other portions of creation upon which It appears to the court, that commodore Barron they subsisted; and to this end, in many countries Ordered the colors of the Chesapeake to be struck, whole families were barbarously put to death, while and that they were struck, before a single gun of others became exiles from home, in search of a preany kind was fired from her; and that at the time carious existence elsewhere. To this tendency in they were so struck, her main deck battery was in animal life to increase beyond the means provided a situation which would have enabled the return of for its nourishment may be justly attributed a cona broad side in a very short time. siderable portion of the vice and misery of man. The court is therefore of opinion, that the Che kind; how interesting then to the philanthropist sapeake was prematurely surrendered, at a time must be the enquiry into the most effectual means of when she was nearly prepared for battle, and when correcting or ameliorating those unhappy effects! the injuries sustained either on the ship or crew As a preliminary step to this enquiry, our author did not make such a surrender then necessary; and endeavors to ascertain what would be the natural that for this commodore Barron falls under a part increase of population, if left to exert itself with |