THE references in the Glossary to Tempest, Much Ado, Coriolanus, As You Like It, Macbeth, and Hamlet, are to Notes in Rugby Editions,' Rivingtons. A. S.-Anglo-Saxon. O. H. G.-Old High German. O. F.-Old French. O. E.-Old English. F. Q.-Spencer's Faery Queen. The following books have been referred to in the Glossary, under their initials : D.-DIEZ, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Romanischen Sprachen. J.-JAMIESON, Scottish Dictionary. M.-R. MORRIS, English Accidence. N.-NARES, Glossary. Sc.-SCHELER, Dictionnaire d'Etymologie Française. T.-ISAAC TAYLOR, Words and Places. V.-VIGFUSSON, Icelandic Dictionary (an invaluable work in course of publication by the Clarendon Press). W.-WEDGWOOD, Dictionary of English Etymology. N.B.-The Editor has also to acknowledge his obligations to CURTIUS, Grundzüge der Griechischen Etymologie, which has been constantly consulted; MAETZNER, Englische Grammatik; TRENCH, Words, and English Past and Present. Occasional reference has been made to BURGUY, BRACHET, and LITTRE. Professor PAYNE has kindly given many valuable suggestions. GLOSSARY TO CANTO FIRST. anon, Introd. 1. 48, also spelt an-oon, in oon, on-one, 'in one,' at one time = at once; also, in one way, continuously. barbican, i. 25, in "Soon crossed the sounding barbican it seems to be the woodwork defending a gateway;' as in "Within the barbican a porter sate," F. Q. ix. 25. In Plymouth the pier under the citadel is still called the Barbican. It. barbacana, 'an outwork of a fortress.' Supposed to be Arabic or Persian. Cp. bartizan. Canto IV. Glossary. barded, i. 29, (1) barbed of arrows, with a jag, cp. Lat. barba. (2) of horses, properly barded, i.e. with armour of iron and leather on chest and neck, so the insultans sonipes' (Virg. En. xi. 600) is in Scotch, Ful galyard in thare bardis and werely wedis,' i.e. full sprightly in their trappings and war-like weeds. The derivation is [supposed to be Sp. al-barda, 'packsaddle; 'from Arab. al-barda'ah, 'saddle cloth,' but it must =] Icelandic barda brim' (of helmet), fin (of whale), and especially beak or armed prow of ship of war. Cp. A. S. barda beaked ship.' N.B.-Barb, an Arab horse, is from 'Barbary,' and is not connected with this, which is a Scandinavian word, really the same as Lat. barba, but with a different meaning. basnet, i. 25, helmet. shape of a small basin. used for a child's cradle. O. Fr. bacin-et, helmet of steel in the beck, i. 5, a bow or nod; to beck or beckon. A. S. bêcnan. So Hardicanute made a law that every Englishman should bek and dis-cover his head' when he met any Dane; hence beacon, i. 6, signal (of fire). V. W. burghers, i. 7, citizens of a burg or fortified town. Eng. borough; Goth. bairga to guard; O. H. G. purc; Gk. ppάoow (pakjw). Etym. 1. clerk, i. 11, (1) Lat. clericus from Gk. Kλpos, a lot, hence those elected (whether by lot like Matthias or not) for sacred offices: (2) scholars,' learned as the clergy; cp. beauclerk; so Icel. Paris-klerkr, 'one who has studied in Paris.' So clerk-like in Shakspere means scholarly.' Etym. VI. 2. cloister, i. II, Lat. claustrum, claudo; the dwelling of those who are immured or shut up from the world, a monastery. Then 'cloistered' of buildings with covered walks such as monasteries have. Etym. VI. 2. corslet, i. 4, small body-armour. Lat. corpus: corps (body of troops); corpse, corse; corset (bodice or stays, cp. G. leib, 'body; leibchen, 'little body,' 'bodice'). Cuirass describes the material cuir, 'leather.' W. counter, i. 29, a horse's chest; counter is the Scotch for encounter, hence that which meets in a charge.' dight, to dress, prepare; i. 6, 'steeds stand ready dight.' Cp. Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 183, 'she was arisen and all ready dight.' A. S. diht-an; G. dichten, dichter, 'poet.' [Wedgwood connects it with Lat. dictare, ditty,' but the meanings seem too general for this; to dight a navy, dinner, boots, planks (plane), corn (sift). The word has all the meanings of 'to dress.' Mr. Kitchin suggests 'to deck," which Wedgwood takes from Lat. tego, tectum; G. dach; Eng. thatch, 'to cover;' hence, specially, to adorn.] Is it not Lat. fingo, to fashion by art, as "crinem fingens,' Virg. A. 4, 148. So in Plautus a woman is ficta when she is 'lauta, tersa, ornata.' So the G. dichter would be the fictor or Tonτns: cp. Lat. fig-ura and Goth. deiga, to mould? The Latin Fingo is to the Greek Oiyy-av-w, to touch lightly, attempt, what the Latin fera is to the Greek np. The same root appears in Eng. dough, G. tieg. Etym. 1. and note 5. (1) fell, i. 14, subst., wild high ground, uncultivated. The whole of the tract of land throughout the Cheviot hills which is not ploughed is called the fells. There is a North-country proverb-'If there were no fells there'd be no dells' (dales). Icel. fell, a wild hill, fjall, a mountain; the word having come to us from the Danish. A fell is a place where the ground is on the fall" (Taylor, p. 106). 66 feud, i. 8, a quarrel between families or clans. G. feude, 'feud;' feind, 'enemy,' whence our 'fiend,' so 'foe;' fiend, like friend, is a participle; foe seems to be formed from the infinitive. feudal, i. 8, adj. of feu or few, a fief, .e. land held from a superior on condition of performing certain services, or paying certain rent called few-dewtie or few-maill. Cp. black mail. The 'd' is only for euphony: fief with its final f' is only fiev for fieu. The oldest forms of the root stand both for property and cattle, so the English fee, a freehold in land,' and the 1 If comes from 'deck' to 'dight' would be a changed form, like 'right' and 'reach,' 'straight' and 'stretch.' German vieh, cattle, are identical in fact as they are in sound. Cp. Lat. pecus and pecunia. (Fellow, O. E. fe-lawe, is Icel. fe-lag, those whose fee lay together, hence partner.) Etym. I. ’gan, ’gin, cp. on i. 24. glint, i. 27, or glent, another form of glance, akin to gleam, glimpse, glitter. Burns speaks of the rising sun glinting, of joyous hours glinting by (i.e. passing like flashes of lightning), and of a flower glinting forth. harness, i. 4, now of the gear of horses, then of men's armour. Cp. Macbeth v. v. 52, "at last we'll die with harness on our back." Fr. harnois (harnais, of horses). Wedgwood suggests garnish, garniture, but is it not gear? see Canto v. Glossary. ladye, I. I, this form shews a relic of the contraction by which la-dye has been formed from A. S. hlaf-dige, loafmaid' or 'house-keeper' (as lord from hlâf-vord or loafwarder'). The -dige seems to have meant first dough-woman,' and then dairy-maid (cp. Chaucer's dey for dairy), the same person acting as dairy-woman and baker to the farm. V. lauds, i. 31, Lat. laudes, praises or thanksgiving, esp. the midnight service of the Roman Church. lore, i. 8, A. S. lære, and G. lehre, 'teach,' 'lear-n-ing.' lorn, i. 23, lost, forsaken, like for-lorn, lass-lorn. (A. S. leosan, to loose, lose, had perf. leas or lore, part. loren.) Cp. G. ver-lieren, ver-loren. For change of r and s cp. frore for frosen or frozen; iron for eisen. Etym. III. 2. (1) list, i. 15, the early form of listen. Both are sometimes used transitively with an object, instead of intrans. with 'to,' cp. Much Ado, III. i. 12; listen our purpose.' Cp. Icel. hlu-st, an 'ear;' Gk. kλú-w (so 'true' and 'tru-st'). march, i. 30, or mark, boundary, confines : hence marchman, a Borderer; march-balk and march-dike are used in Scotch as march-fence still is in Warwickshire for 'boundary-fence;' riding the marches = beating the boundaries: so mark off, etc. Cp. Lat. margo. Den-mark was Danish frontier; so Fin-mark and Roman Marches. Marquis was the Lord of the Marches. morrice, i. 15, or morris, a dance, esp. on May-day, in which Maid Marian figured as May Queen and Robin Hood's love. A dancer in it was called a Morisco, as in 2 Hen. VI. III. i. 365, hence the old spelling, 'Moriske-dance.' Foreigners figured in it, hence probably the name = Moorish: cp. our Christy's Minstrels, and their 'nigger melodies.' The stage-direction in Love's Labour Lost, v. ii. 158, is, Enter Black-a-moors with music; the king, etc., in Russian habits and masked." Cp. Hamlet, 1. 66 iv. 9, I. v. 176, Rugby ed. The weapon a morris-pike is supposed to have the same origin. moss, i. 19, 20, (1) moss, Lat. muscus; (2) moss-grown places, moors; so Chat-moss. Moss-troopers were outlaws who dwelt on the Border moors, as Robin Hood did in the Midland woods. neck verse, i. 24, "Have mercy upon me, O Lord." The neck verse is the beginning of the 51st Psalm; anciently read by criminals who claimed the "benefit of clergy," (i.e. of being able to read,) as exempting them from a secular trial or execution. pen, i. 15, a head, then a conical hill top. So Scotch Ettrickpen, also common in Cornish; another form of ben, a mountain, Ben-Nevis, etc. Lat. Penninus, Apenninus. retainer, i. 19, ‘to retain,' like most English verbs, was both active and neuter. (1) To keep dependant, so a retainer in law is a fee to keep a barrister in your service; (2) to be dependent, to belong to (cp. 'many actions seem to retain to the body,' i.e. are bodily not mental). So a retainer is an adherent, one of a retinue, but not among the menial servants. scaur, i. 12, scar. A cliff, lit. what is cut off sheer. Cp. Scarborough, Scaw-fell. So sheer, a share, plough-share, shire, shears, scar, shard, shred, and A. S. sceran, to shear. Trench, Words, p. 225. Cp. slogan, i. 7. The war-cry of a border clan. Scotch, slughorn, or sloghorne, the war-cry or clan-name. Cp. Irish, sluagh, army, and corn, a horn. spell, i. I, (1) word or tidings, as good-spell, good news, ev-ayyéλov, corrupted into god-spell, go-spel. (2) Form of magic words, i. I. Probably the same as (3) to spell; and (4) spell, a turn of work. Compare Aéyw 'to pick out,' and then 'to speak,' Aoyos, proportion,' and Lat. lego, 'to pick' or 'to read,' Icel. lese, 'to pick,' 'read,' 'speak.' squire, i. 2, or esquire, lit. shield-bearer. It. scudiero, Fr. escuyer, Lat. scutum (cp. scutcheon, Canto II., Glossary), a shield. For the e in e-squire cp. esprit, spirit-us, e-scutcheon. Etym. III. stanch, i. 8, Fr. estancher, It. stagnare (Lat. stagnum, 'standing water'), to stop the flow of anything, esp. of blood from a wound, so 'stanch' of a vessel which does not leak. (Probably not from Lat. extinguere, though stanch is used in O. E. for 'quenching a fire.') tide, i. 21, in orig. sense of 'time,' as in Whitsun-tide, whence it came to mean the periodical reflux of the sea (Etym. VI. 1). G. zeit. 'Tidy' meant 'punctual.' truncheon, i. 19, Fr. tronçon, a piece broken off a lance, lit. |