All Classes Productive of National Wealth Or: The Theories of M. Cresnai, Dr. Adam Smith and Mr. Gray, Concerning the Various Classes of Men as to the Production of Wealth to the CommunityLongman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1817 - 320 ページ |
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according actual results additional employment additional wealth agricultural alike amount of employment arising average Axiom battle of Waterloo Britain buyer cent chargeability classes of circulators clothing crease culators cultivator demand derived difference diminished diminution distress doctrine ductive Edinburgh Review effect employed Europe expences expenditure facts fancies fixed annuitants former French revolutionary war fund grand greater Happiness income and capital increase of population labour land lators latter less manufacturer mass means of charging ment millions national debt nature obtain peace peace lines ployment portion prejudices price of things procuring productive of wealth productive theory profit proportion quantity Quesnai racter rate of price reason render respect retrenchment richer rise sell seller shillings Smith species of circuland stagnation statistician statistics style of living subsistence supply taxes tends tion tional tive unpro unproductive various classes Wealth of Nations whole
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37 ページ - The labour of the meanest of these has a certain value, regulated by the very same principles which regulate that of every other sort of labour; and that of the noblest and most useful, produces nothing which could afterwards purchase or procure an equal quantity of labour.
76 ページ - It tends therefore to increase the exchangeable value of the annual produce of the land and labour of the country. It puts into motion an additional quantity of industry, which gives an additional value to the annual produce.
61 ページ - Great nations are never impoverished by private, though they sometimes are by public prodigality and misconduct. The whole, or almost the whole public revenue, is in most countries employed in maintaining unproductive hands. Such are the people who compose a numerous and splendid court, a great ecclesiastical establishment, great fleets and armies, who in time of peace produce nothing, and in time of war acquire nothing which can compensate the expence of maintaining them, even while the war lasts.
76 ページ - Every increase or diminution of capital, therefore, naturally tends to increase or diminish the real quantity of industry, the number of productive hands, and consequently the exchangeable value of the annual produce of the land and labour of the country, the real wealth and revenue of all its inhabitants.
33 ページ - Though the manufacturer has his wages advanced to him by his master, he, in reality, costs him no expence, the value of those wages being generally restored, together with a profit, in the improved value of the subject upon which his labour is bestowed.
33 ページ - THERE is one sort of labour which adds to the value of the subject upon which it is bestowed: there is another which has no such effect. The former, as it produces a value, may be called productive; the latter, unproductive
34 ページ - The labour of the latter, however, has its value, and deserves its reward as well as that of the former. But the labour of the manufacturer fixes and realizes itself in some particular subject or vendible commodity, which lasts for some time at least after that labour is past. It is, as it were, a certain quantity of labour stocked and stored up, to be employed, if necessary, upon some other occasion.
131 ページ - Great Britain seems to support with ease a burden which, half a century ago, nobody believed her capable of supporting.
163 ページ - Such people, as they themselves produce nothing, are all maintained by the produce of other men's labour. When multiplied, therefore, to an unnecessary number, they may in a particular year consume so great a share of this produce, as not to leave a sufficiency for maintaining the productive labourers, who should reproduce it next year.
245 ページ - ... a tool bought or hired for working withal. But, at any rate, there is no such difference as Dr. Smith supposes between the effects of maintaining a multitude of these several kinds of workmen. It is the extravagant quantity, not the peculiar quality of the labour thus paid for, that brings on ruin. A man is ruined if he keeps more servants than he can afford or employ, and does not let them out for hire, — exactly as he is ruined by purchasing more food than he can consume, or by employing...