Christians and the Holy Places: The Myth of Jewish-Christian OriginsClarendon Press, 1993 - 384 ページ The origins of Christian holy places in Palestine and the beginnings of pilgrimage to these sites have seemed obscure. From a detailed examination of literature and archaeology, the present author finds no evidence that Christians of any kind venerated 'holy places' before the fourth century. In the second and third centuries, scholarly Christians visited certain Biblical sites out of historical interest, but these sites were not considered holy, and the visitors were not 'pilgrims'. Instead, the origins of Christian pilgrimage to holy places rest with the emperor Constantine, who established four basilicas in Palestine in c.325 and provided two imperial matrons, Helena and Eutropia, as examples of a new kind of pious pilgrim. Pilgrimage to intrinsically sacred shrines had been a pagan practice, which was grafted on to Christianity. Many Jewish, Samaritan, and pagan sites were appropriated by the Church and turned into Christian holy places. This process helped to destroy the widespread paganism of Palestine, and mark the country as a 'holy land'. Very few sites are genuine, but one which may well be is the cave (not garden) of Gethsemane, in which Jesus was probably arrested. The book is fully illustrated, and includes both plates and maps. |
目次
The BagattiTesta Hypothesis | 1 |
The Distribution of Religious Groups in Palestine | 48 |
Mamre | 98 |
Golgotha | 139 |
Caves and Tombs | 169 |
18 | 199 |
157 | 259 |
143 | 271 |
113 | 278 |
多く使われている語句
Aelia Aelia Capitolina ancient apocryphal appears argued Avi-Yonah Bagatti Bagatti and Testa Bagatti-Testa school basilica believed Bethany Bethlehem building built Byzantine Byzantine period Caesarea Capernaum cave centre Christ Christian Christian holy places Christian pilgrims Constantine Corbo cross cult Cyril EAEHL early Ebionites Eccles Egeria Eleona emperor Epiphanius Eusebius excavations fifth century fourth century Galilee Gentile Gethsemane Gnostic Golgotha graffiti Greek Grotto Hebrew Hist holy sites house-church Ibid identified inscription Itin Jerome Jerusalem church Jewish Jewish-Christians Jews Joseph Khirbet Kochba literary located Loffreda Mamre Mary mention metres mosaic Mount of Olives Mount Zion Nabataean Nazareth octagonal Origen ossuaries pagan Palestine Palestinian Piacenza Pilgrim pilgrimage plaster probably rabbis reference Rock of Calvary Roman sacred Samaritan second century Sepphoris shrine Sozomen stones synagogue temple of Venus Testament Theodosius theology third century Tiberias tomb town tradition venerated visited Vita Const walls Wilkinson worship