272 Observations on the Circumstances which Influence the Condition of the Labouring Classes of Society; by J. Barton. Letters from the Hon. Horace Walpole to George Montagu, Esq. from 1736 to 1770, now first published from originals in possession of the editor. Royal 4to. last canto of Childe Harolde, have been already bespoken. A Narrative will speedily be published of a Voyage to Barbary, and of a residence at Algiers comprising sketches of the Dey and his Dr Hibbert, who lately visited the Shetland ministers, anecdotes of the late war, with ob-islands, with the view of determining their geogservations respecting the relations of the Barbary nostical structure and relations, found in the states with the Christian powers, and on the ne- island of Uist considerable masses of that valuacessity of their complete subjugation by Signor ble substance, the chromate of iron. Original Letters, from Richard Baxter, Mat- Pananti; with notes by Edward Blaquiere, Esq. thew Prior, Lord Bolingbroke, Alex. Pope, Dr The author of this interesting publication had Cheyne, Dr Hartley, Dr Sam. Johnson, Mrs resided many years in England, and was returnMontague, Rev. Wm Gilpin, Rev. John New-ing to Naples when the ship which conveyed ton, Lord Geo. Lyttleton, Rev. Dr C. Buchanan, &c. &c.; with Biographical Illustrations. Edited by Rebecca Warner, of Beech Cottage, near Bath. 8vo. 10s. 6d. Poetical Remains and Memoirs of John Leyden. The Sixth Volume of the collected Works of the Right Hon. Lord Byron; containing Prisoner of Chillon, The Dream, Darkness, Manfred, and The Lament of Tassc. Foolscap 8vo. 7s. The fourth and last Canto of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage; by Lord Byron. The Dragon Knight: a poem, in twelve cantos; by Sir J. B. Burgess, Bart. 8vo. Foliage, or Poems original and translated, by Leigh Hunt. Sermon on the late Princess Charlotte of Wales; by T. Chalmers, D.D. 8vo. 1s. 6d. A Narrative of the Rev. C. J. Latrobe's late Tour in South Africa: together with some account of the state of the missions of the United Brethren in that interesting country. 4to. with engravings. him was taken by a corsair and carried to Al- Zelix Albarez, or Manners in Spain; interspersed with poetry, by Alex. R. C. Dallas, Esq. is printing in three volumes. Mr Woodley, editor of the Cornwall Gazette, is preparing an Account of his Literary Life, with anecdotes of many distinguished literary characters. Observations on the impolicy of permitting the exportation of British wool, and of prevent-lume of Sermons in the press. ing the free importation of Foreign wool. By John Maitland, Esq M. P. Dr D. Dewar of Aberdeen, has an octavo vo WORKS IN THE PRESS. Mr Prince Hoare is engaged on a Life of the late Granville Sharpe. Mr Robert Bloomfield is engaged in a descriptive poem of the splendid mansion, and that enchanting spot, Southill, near Bedford, the seat of the late Mr Whitbread. Letters written during a Tour through Ireland, by J. C. Curwen, Esq. M.P. are announced, in two volumes, octavo. Dr Adam Neale has in the Press, Travels through Germany, Poland, Moldavia, and Turkey, in a quarto volume, illustrated by eleven engravings. Mr Nichols will soon publish a third volume of the Illustrations of Literary History, including memoirs of George Hardinge, Esq. Mr James Hakewell announces a Picturesque Tour of Italy; in illustration of, and reference to, the celebrated works of Addison, Eustace, and Forsyth. The first number will appear early in the spring. An Account of the Life, Ministry, and Writings of the late Rev. John Fawcett, D.D. fifty years minister of the gospel in Halifax, will be shortly publisbed by his son. Part the first, with plates, of Surgical Essays, by Mr Astley Cooper and Mr Benjamin Travers, will shortly appear. Mr Robert M William, architect, has in the press an Essay on the Origin and Operation of the Dry Rot in which the source of the Disease is investigated, with a view to establish the modes of prevention and cure on rational principles. It will make a quarto volume, illustrated with plates; and to it will be annexed suggestions on the cultivation of forest trees, with abstracts of the Forest Laws, from the earliest times. Mr C. U. Rordansz is about to publish the Mercantile Guide; being an account of the trade of the principal commercial places on the Continent of Europe; of their moneys, exchanges, weights and measures, charges, duties, &c.; in one volume, octavo. In March will appear, a volume entitled, Epistolary Curiosities, or Unpublished Letters from Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia; Prince Rupert, General Lord Astley, General Fairfax, John Selden, Oliver Cromwell, General Monk, Sir Robert Sutton, &c. edited by Rebecca Warner, of Beech Cottage, Bath. A Collection of the Poems of Arthur Brooke, Esq. of Canterbury, is in the press. A periodical publication has been commenced in London, under the superintendence of a learned Spaniard, entitled El Teatro Espanol Escogido. It will contain the most esteemed Plays of Lope de Vega, Calderon de la Barca, Moreto, Tirso de Molina, Roxas, Solis, followed by Cruz y Cano, Moratin, and other recent writers, selected with care, and illustrated by explanatory notes. In February will be published, Narrative of a Voyage to Newfoundland and the Coast of Labrador; illustrated with a map and engravings; by Lieut. E. Chappell, R.N. A Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds has been published, by Messrs Nicholls and Co. intended to identify the species spoken of by different provincial names, in various counties of Great Britain. It contains also the valuable additions and generic arrangements of Dr Leach, from a Catalogue he recently printed. Mr Percy intends to publish by subscription, Cawood Castle, and other poems, with engravings, in the first style of the art, by Finden, from sketches by the author. The extraordinary admiration of Lord Byron's poetry cannot be more strongly exemplified than by stating, that it is reported that not less than four thousand copies of his unpublished fourth and Shortly will be published, Scientific Tables, or the Juvenile Student's Classical Guide to the Sciences. We have to announce Vol. 2 of the Annual Biography for 1818, in the course of the ensuing month. The biographies of the late Messrs Ponsonby, Horner, Curran, Glenie, Eyles, Irwin, Admiral Duckworth, Sir Herbert Croft, Doctors Disney and Thomson, the Dukes of Marlborough and Northumberland, &c. are detailed at full length, from original sources of information. A Poem, written by the Hon. Henry Erskine, in 1770, is to be now published for the first time: together with many other original documents. Mr Thos. Taylor is now preparing for the press, a Translation by him, from the Greek of Jamblichus' Life of Pythagoras, or Pythagoric Life; accompanied with a translation of the Pythagoric Ethical fragments in the Deric dialect, preserved by Stobæus; and also of many Pythagoric sentences, which have escaped the notice of all modern editors. This work will be published by subscription, and will form one volume, 8vo. Dr Busby has far advanced in the preparation of a New Grammar of Music, divided into two principal sections; the first elucidative of the musical arcana, as regarding Melody; the second explanatory of those of Harmony. The work comprises the whole compass of the science, and is meant to be no less accommodated to the convenience of masters, than to the improvement of pupils. A New Biographical Magazine is about to be commenced in monthly numbers, containing Portraits, with Lives and Characters of Eminent and Ingenious Persons of every age and nation.-Each number will contain eight highly finished Portraits from the most esteemed likenesses, engraved by Holl, with the Lives and Characters written by Mr Harrison. The learned and Rev. Stephen Weston has in the press an 8vo volume entitled: La Scava, or some Account of an Excavation of a Roman Town on the Hill of Chatele, in Champagne, discovered in 1772; with the addition of a Journey to the Simplon, by Lausanne, and to Mont Blane through Geneva. Mr Peter Coxe's long expected poem, entitled The Social Day, will appear in the spring. It will be embellished with 28 engravings, by Messrs Bond, Bragg, Burnet, Byrne, Engelheart, Finden, Landseer, Middiman, Moses, Scott, Scriven, and C. Warren, from designs presented to the author as tributes of respect by some of the most eminent artists of the metropolis. M. Semonin, teacher of the French language at Worcester, will shortly commence a quarterly French publication, to be entitled: Le Portefeuille Francois, ou Melange anecdotique, dra matique et literaire. The number printed will be limited to that subscribed for. A periodical paper is about to be commenced with the title of "The Anti-Methodist." It is professed to be "designed to afford a rallying point to the adversaries of a sect, whose errors, whose ambition, whose activity and machinations threaten to involve us in the loss at once of all that is our safeguard in our civil and religious institutions, and of all that is manly and March 7, 1818.] valuable in our national and individual charac. ter." FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS. FRANCE. M. Hase, professor to the special and royal school of the oriental languages at Paris, and who also holds a situation in the king's library, has nearly ready for publication, the History of Leo the Deacon. This work, which forms an important supplement to the Byzantine collection, is printed at the expence of Count Romanzoff, high-chancellor of Russia. It will be accompanied with a Latin version and notes; philological and explanatory. The volume, printed at the royal press, will form a folio of 300 pages, and comprehend also the following unpublished pieces:-1. A Treatise on Tactics, composed by command of the Emperor Nicephorus Phocas; 2. A Fragment of the History of John Epiphanius, on the Wars between the Romans and the Persians; 3. A Letter of Theodosius, the grammarian, on the taking of Syracuse by the Saracens. Literature-Foreign Publications. Whatever can be done towards alleviating a calamity so heavy as the loss of sight, deserves an honourable place in our esteem; and this work recommends itself, no less by the performances it shews on the part of the blind, than by the subject it treats, and the abilities of its author. The history given by Dr Guillie, of this benevolent establishment, is to this effect. 273 the modes of instructing the blind; and is divided into two sections. The first includes the various parts of intellectual instruction; such as characters in relief, and reading, printing for the use of the blind, of the books also which are proper for them, and of their manner of writing; then follows a description of the means employed to teach them the elements of geography, to initiate them in the study of languages, of mathematics, and of music; and what are the methods devised to obtain means of communication between the blind and the deaf and dumb. "The first who undertook to create a school for the instruction of the blind was M. Valentine Hauy; and of the accident that led him to the conception of such a thing, he has himself given the following account in his Precis Historique, The second division of this part relates to the or introductory narrative. Some years ago, a no-hand labours common to both sexes, in which the velty of a singular kind drew a numerous assemblage blind are engaged; such as knitting, spinning, of people at the entrance of one of those places making purses, tapes, girths, socks for the feet, of refreshment which are found on the public list shoes, and list carpets, making whips, birch walks. Eight or ten poor blind objects, each brooms, &c. Other employments are followed by wearing a pair of spectacles on his nose, as a kind the boys only, such as weaving, stuffing chairof diminution of the peculiarity of his appear-bottoms, rope-spinning, basket-making, works ance, were placed in a long gallery where the made of straw, of rushes, and of cane. This secmusic was stationed; here they executed a sym- tion closes with an account of their amusements phony not of the most harmonious description, but and recreations. which seemed highly to delight those who at- M. Grosier, to whom Europe is greatly indebttended to it. A sentiment of a very different de-ed for its knowledge of the Chinese empire, has scription struck me to the heart, and I meditated undertaken a new edition of his General Defrom that moment, by what practical methods to scription of China, which originally appeared in convert to the advantage of these unfortunate 1785 in a 4to volume. This new edition, which persons, those powers and means of which they will be the third, will extend to seven 8vo. vohad at present but an apparent, not to say a ri-lumes and comprehend all the information obdiculous enjoyment. The blind, said I to myself, tained during the last thirty years respecting the may know objects by the difference of their forms; country and its inhabitants. the blind do not mistake the value of a piece of money. Why might they not distinguish an ut from a sol, an a from an f, if those characters were rendered the subjects of the sense of feel ITALY. The most respectable presses of Italy appear to be engaged on works of considerable extent; rather, perhaps, honourable to the writers of that country in time past, than in the present; yet such as could not be undertaken without considerable reliance on the disposition of the public to patronize works of merit, though expensive. Sig. Pietro Custodi has published, at Milan, the last two volumes, being the 49th and 50th, of the Italian Economists. Some months since the minister of the interior being informed that the royal library at Paris contains a great number of Chinese books, respecting the contents of which there existed no information printed or written, appointed M. Abel Remusat to draw up a list of them. The result is, that exclusively of 329 works compris ed in Fourmont's catalogue made in 1742, the library possesses 175 works, forming about 2000 volumes. Among these are 280 volumes, being a portion of a great collection published by one of the last Mantchou emperors; and consisting of a History of the Chinese characters and Writing." ing, or rather of the Literature and Rhetoric of The first asylum opened by benevolence for that people, in 80 volumes; a History of Music, the youthful blind was in the year 1784, at the in 70 volumes; a Description of all the Foreign expense of the Philanthropic Society, who engaCountries known to the Chinese, also in 70 vo-ged M. Hauy in undertaking their instruction. lumes; and 60 volumes on the Sects which be- This was in the rue Notre Dame des Victoires. lieve in Spirits and Prodigies. Here, too, is a In 1785, the number of scholars who were adDescription of China in 260 enormous volumes, mitted gratis, rose to twenty-five. They had At the same city, Sig. Melchiore Gioja has with maps and 'plans, infinitely more complete made such progress in the following year, that published the sixtli and last volume of his Systethan any that we possess respecting the most they were admitted to the honour of performing ma Raggionata, &c.; A General and Argumenknown countries of Europe. Among the historical before the king, at Versailles. The author en- tative System of the Economic Science. This werks are some of considerable importance, such ters into very instructive details on the progress system contains the theory and practice of all as the Li-tai ki sse, an excellent chronological of this establishment, on the reverses which it the branches of administration, public and priaccount in the style of Henault's Abridgement had to sustain, and on the courage shewn byvate. But the first part only of this work is what or Lesage's Atlas, but much more erudite and re- those who had interested themselves in its wel- is announced as complete; the practical parts gular, in 100 volumes; a manuscript History of fare, in surmounting those obstacles which op- will also be treated in several essays, which will Japan in 60 volumes; a Chinese and a Japanese posed it. All is now arranged, says he, the class- appear in succession; the subject of the first of Encyclopædia, containing figures of all such ob- es are filled with promising students, distinguish them is the nature of merit, and the rewards to jects as can be represented. Of these works, M. ed by their aptitude at learning, and some are which it is entitled. Remusat has undertaken the task of drawing up a distinguished among our public performers, by the general Catalogue raisonne, which is to include admiration and wonder of visitors. The treatise those comprehended in Fourmont's performance. which follows this short history is divided into He will state the titles, translate them, fre- three parts:quently comment upon them, and add such information as can be gleaned concerning their authors or editors, and all other particulars stated in the prefaces. He will carefully mark the divisions and subdivisions, especially of the great collections; and give a succinct but accurate analysis of the contents of each part. A catalogue of this kind is rendered the more desirable as Fourmont's, which, as we have seen, embraces only a part of the collection, has many inaccuracies and omissions. At Venice, Alvisopoli prepares a collection of Select Poetry, under the title of Raccolta di Poesie scelte in dialetto Venetiano. It will include twelve volumes, and will form a companion to the works already published at Milan, and at Naples, which comprise pieces written in the dialect of those cities respectively. Bettoni, at Brescia, announces a new edition of the work of Count Giambattista Cornioni, called “the Ages of Italian Literature,” in ten volumes, 12mo. Cornioni's work terminated at the year 1750; the present edition will be brought down to the year 1800. The first comprises several considerations on the intellect and disposition of the blind. The question is discussed, whether the loss of one sense is compensated by improvements in the others? and this is answered in the affirmative. To this succeed observations on the memory of blind persons, on the faculties they develope, and on the superiority which some of these enjoy over the same talents-among persons who retain the sense of sight. The moral state of the blind af- At Pisa, Nicolo Caparro proposes a new ediEssai sur l'instruction des Aveugles, &c. fords a series of remarks, including the nature of tion of the Life of Lorenzo of Medicis, translatEssay on the Instruction of the Blind, or Analy- their ideas; and this first part closes with a cu-ed from the English of Mr Roscoe, by Sig. Matical Sketch of the methods taken to instruct rious parallel between the condition of those who ekerini. Corrections are announced for this edi. them, by Dr Guillie, Director-General and prin- are blind, and that of those who are deaf and tion; but whether of the original or of the transcipal Physician to the Royal Institution for the dumb. The second part is devoted to the bio-lation, we do not know: but we are glad that cure of blind females in Paris. 8vo, with figures, graphy of blind persons who have become cele- the publishers have acquired courage enough to printed by the blind patients; sold for their be-brated in the arts and sciences. insert into this edition an article omitted from nefit at the Institution, rue St Victor, No. 68. The third and most important part, contains the former, "On the Reformation effected by 274 Literature-New Publications-Voyages and Travels. Luther;" a subject, probably, thought unfit to appear in a catholic country. The learned world will be pleased to find, that Sig. Angelo Maio continues to search after ancient works hitherto imperfect, little known, or supposed to be lost. This diligence lays the whole body under obligation, as is evident from the reprinting of several of his recovered pieces, in different places: as, for instance, Dionysii Halicarnassei Romanorum Antiquitatem, pars hactenus desiderata, nunc denique ope codd. Ambrosianorum ab Angelo Majo quantum licuit restituta, Græce. Ad. edit. princ. Mediolanensem, gr. in 8vo. Frankfort, 1817. Price 1 florin 30 kr. GERMANY. The library of the University of Leipsic has received a considerable accession in consequence of the purchase, by command of the king, of the philological library of Professor Schafer, consisting of between 6 and 7000 volumes, for 10,000 dollars; and its late proprietor has been appointed librarian to the university, with an increased salary. Offers had been received for this rare collection, many of the works in which are not inferior in value to manuscripts, not only from North America, whither many valuable books and whole libraries now find their way, but also from the Prussian government, on behalf of the new university about to be founded on the Rhine. Prince Maximilian of Neuwied, of whose travels in Brazil we have given a sketch in our preceding numbers, returned to Neuwied in August last, where the whole of the collections in natural history made by him had previously arrived. He is now engaged in preparing an account of his travels for the press. The work will be embellished with upwards of 200 engravings, representing subjects in natural history, local scenery, and the inhabitants. Baron Von Sack, whose voyage to Surinam was printed in London some years since is about to make a scientific tour in Egypt, accompanied by Mr William Muller, whom the academy of Berlin has charged with various commissions for that country. AUSTRIA. An Austrian work, called the Patriotic Sheets, gives the following account of the present state of the literature in the different languages which now comprise the dominions of Austria: "German Literature, it is said, maintains itself in the highest rank; and has even made sensible progress within the last ten years. "Italian Literature approaches closely to that of Germany, and the presses of Venice and Milan have produced very important works on the sciences. "Slavian Literature supports itself vigorously, especially in Bohemia; and several journals, notwithstanding the confined condition of the language, are published in the Slavian language. Hungarian Literature is by no means listless, and has produced several excellent performances in verse, with some spirited translations of classic authors, ancient and modern. 66 DENMARK. M. SAABYE, formerly a missionary in Greenland, has lately published fragments of the Diary he kept, when resident in that country in 1770-1778. Bishop Plum has accompanied this highly interesting work with a Preface. The author is of opinion, that the search after what has been called the Paradise of Greenland, otherwise the district of Osterboigden, ought not to be relinquished; and that, in the description of the last tour in 1789, wherein this spot is alluded to, as well as in the older works, there are hints enough as to the possibility of at length attaining the object of pursuit. The intelligence which he communicates with this view is uncommonly interesting, and seems to be founded on experience and local knowledge. [March 7. 1818. tion by the wheels themselves; to the iron bar wooden rollers are fixed, provided with brushes, which, turning with the bar, keep the holes open and hinder them from being stopped up. We saw a very large and convenient rake for gathering up the oats and barley when mowed down: it consists of a piece of wood two toises (twelve feet) long, furnished with iron teeth and a handle: a horse is yoked to it, and it is drawn over the corn; in this manner the rake gathers up the harvest with great rapidity. The machine invented for turning the hay, appeared to us very ingenious; it seemed perfectly to answer its purpose, and at the same time to save much manual labour. It is fixed upon two wheels joined by an axle, twenty-two feet long; two pieces of wood, in which the axle turns, join in an angle towards the pole; the latter has in its fore part a little wheel: a mechanical power it fitted to the axle: two rings are fixed to the smallest wheel of this mechanical power: and, lastly, to the rings four laths, under which there are springs, which give way when they strike against stones. The laths are furnished with teeth, six inches distant from each other. This machine is drawn by two horses, and driven over the swath to turn it. That the hay may not hang to the axle, and impede the motion of the machine, a piece of flannel is hung over the axle to brush off the hay. Sir John Sebright possesses a flock of a thousand sheep. They are partly Merinos, and partly of the English breed. As his principal object is directed to fattening, he prefers the latter, which possess, in this respect, advantages over the Merinos. Dr Munter, bishop of Seeland, has recently published a Dissertation on the Religion of the North before the arrival of Odin. The learned author, of course, entertains no doubt, that Odin came with the people called Ases from Asia to the north of Europe, and that he introduced Shamanism, or the government of the Schamans, or Magi, among a nation addicted to the grossest Fetichism. Anterior to the arrival of Odin, the Scandinavians had neither temples nor idols; and it would appear that there was not among them a cast devoted to the priesthood, as among the Gauls. Their sanctuaries were situated, like those of the Germans, in the dark recesses of the forests, to which the profane durst not penetrate. It is in Scandinavia that Dr M. conceives he has discovered that forest, that sacred lake, that island, where, according to Tacitus, the goddess Hertha was worshipped and propitiated with human sacrifices. At Leyre, in lake called the White Lake, bordered by a fothe island of Seeland, there actually exists a rest; and near it is a valley which still bears the name of Herthedal, Valley of Hertha. It is possible, however, that the worship of Hertha may have extended to the other islands; for in Funen we find a Herthabierg, Hill of Hertha, with a lake. In the islands of Rugen and Feh- We saw so many things at Beechwood, that mern also are spots to which the accounts of Ta- it was impossible for us to take notes of every citus would equally apply. The circumstance thing; but Sir John politely promised to visit us which induced the learned prelate to consider after our return to London, when the very imLeyre as the principal sanctuary of the goddess, portant notices, which we had collected at his is, that this place was at the same time the re-seat, should receive a complete supplement. We sidence of the kings of the country, and that we know for certain that solemn sacrifices were long continued there. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. We passed the evening in agreeable converwho is very fond of chemistry, shewed us an exsation. The worthy Baronet's eldest daughter, periment of Wollaston, which has since been published, but was then new to us; namely, that of a little galvanic battery, contained in a thimble, which is able to make a wire of platina redhot. made, besides, the best use of the time that we were able to pass in his company, so that we learned far more from him than it would have been possible to collect elsewhere in the same time. He is the true model of an English gentleman; his mind is highly cultivated by travelling; he understands both French and German, and converses on various subjects in an agree Tour of Their Imperial Highnesses the Arch-able and instructive manner. dukes John and Lewis of Austria. The seat of the Duke of Bedford at Woburn, (Continued.) 243. where we arrived on the 5th of November, is, Beechwood, Woburn, Leicester, Beaudesert.- with its park and gardens, one of the most beauWe saw a great many various machines. A sow-tiful residences in England. Whatever makes ing machine, which is like those at Hofwyl, with the British country-seats agreeable and delightthis difference, that in the front a little plough-ful, is found here in the greatest perfection. We share is applied, with two projections (oreillons) between which the seed falls: the cylinder, which passes over the furrow, presses down the earth over the seed, and at the same time makes a new furrow. The sowing-machine is fixed to the cylinder, and both are drawn by the same horse. Another machine, for sowing turnips, appeared to us remarkably ingenious, on account of its simplicity. It consists of a wooden chest, “Servian Literature, since the time of Obred-lined with tin, which has holes pierced in it, and witch, has deserved success by the merit of several of his publications." "Modern Greek Literature, a branch of singular importance, cultivated with zeal by the Greeks settled at Vienna; but the works it produces are sent to Macedonia, Turkey, Albania, the Morea, and other places, which in ancient times little expected to receive literature from the shores of the Danube. is fixed upon wheels, two or three feet high. An saw an extensive and well-chosen library; we examined with much pleasure a valuable collection of fine paintings; among which we particularly remarked many by Vandyke, and the portrait of Anna Bullen, by Holbein. In the anti-room is a bust of Napoleon of Carrara marble. In walking through the Duke of Bedford's garden, we were struck with the remarkable beauty of a large orangery. In the middle of it are eight columns of white marble; they surround a large vase, adorned with bas-reliefs, and March 7. 1818.] several smaller marble vases. In a niche stands a cast of the Apollo Belvidere. At the end of the orangery is a temple, supported by four columns of the Ionic order, which is sacred to the memory of the late Duke of Bedford, brother to the present duke. Within is a cabinet, with a gilded cieling, in which are placed the busts of Fox, and of his friends, General Fitzpatrick, Lords Lauderdale, Robert Spencer, Grey, Holland, and Hervey. A Chinese pavillion is adorned with furniture and vessels from China and Japan; and a menagerie contains many rare animals. We have not seen any where a park so well stocked with deer as that of Woburn. These pretty creatures are so tame that they come up to the very windows of the chateau. Voyages and Travels. room. In the morning the gentlemen may ap- 275 795 In Derby there are many warehouses of the beautiful vases, candlesticks, lamps, &c. which are made of spar; a white calcareous stone, which is found about three miles from Derby, is The dinner consists of every thing that a good used for similar purposes. Brown's warehouse kitchen can afford. The table-service is very for these articles appeared to us the most comhandsome; often you are served in silver gilt. plete. The utensils and ornaments of dark blue After the soup cold punch is presented; after spar were particularly beautiful. Some were this, custom requires that you take a glass of shewn to us, consisting of a single piece, and wine, according to the choice of the lady of the which are fifteen inches in height, and nine or house, and drink her health. Afterwards, when ten inches in diameter. The most beautiful you wish to drink, it is the custom to invite ac-pieces, of a dark blue, inclining to violet, are not quaintance, or those who sit next you, to join quite of their natural colour, but are changed by you. Every body helps to the dish that stands the operation of heat. before him. At the dessert, the ladies withdraw, the servants are dismissed, and the claret bottle The farm is at the distance of half a mile begins to circulate from the left hand. After from the house, and, including all its dependen- that the gentlemen go to the ladies in the drawcies, looks like a little village. Many remark-ing-room, or into the library, enter into conversaable things are to be seen here; among which is tion, and every one leaves the company when he a steam-engine, which puts in motion a machine thinks proper. for threshing corn, and two mills. The manner in which the motion is produced by the steamengine, is extremely ingenious; but a clear idea of it cannot be given without a drawing. The present duke is brother to him who is so well known as an agriculturist, and who also erected all the buildings on this fine estate. During bis life, agricultural pursuits were carried on here with great activity. The time of sheep-shearing, about the middle of June, was observed as a rural festival, at which three or four hundred persons were present. The country through which you travel after leaving Woburn, is rather monotonous, though well cultivated; but as soon as you get into the county of Leicester, the country and the culti vation change. In the higher position, on account of the abundance of meadow-land, the breeding of cattle is the chief object of attention. Riding and hunting are the principal diversions. In the first the ladies take a great share. The fox-chace, with dogs, is rather a dangerous pleasure, because you are obliged to leap your horse over hedges and ditches. They also hunt hares. The dogs are extremely well broke, and the fowling-pieces excellent. After spar is sawed, the vessels are turned upon the lathe, with steel tools, A steam engine sets in motion four large sawing machines, as well as the various turning lathes. The iron foundry produces founder's work of every kind. Steam engines are also manufactured here, the action of which is calculated to produce the effect of the labour of the number of horses whose place it is to supply. The prices of these engines are as follows: Of one-horse power......L.100 sterling. 170 220 As every rich land-owner passes a part of the winter in the country, relations and neighbours From this foundry we went to a manufactory meet together, and the company is numerous of porcelain. The paste (or clay) is good, but enough to supply the place of the circles in the painting is very indifferent. The colours, town. The prevailing ton is pleasing, free, bnt with the exception of the blue, are not at all strictly decorous; and the hospitality and polite- beautiful. The lathe is set in motion by a large ness that you meet with here, must afford plea-wheel, moved by a child. This is advantageous sure to every one who is capable of appreciating to the workman who gives the form, because not their value. being obliged to tread with his foot, he can hold faster, and work with greater certainty and accuracy. The arrangement and furniture of the rooms are extremely convenient. In these country seats you find every thing combined that can tend to the material, or the intellectual enjoy On the 6th we arrived at Leicester. The ments of life. The intercourse with the ladies, houses are built of bright red bricks, and covered who, in general, possess much and various knowwith slates, which has a very neat appearance. ledge, and often more than the men, affords all Wilson's foundery was the first manufactory that that you can wish. If to this be added the perwe saw in this town. It produces only machines, fectly unconstrained mode of living, it is easy to and other curious things. The horizontal wind- conceive the charms of a country life; and it mills, for which Wilson has a patent, are un- seems very natural that the English nobility and commonly beautiful. gentry should reside in the metropolis only durThe manufactory of Mr Kelly for knitting-ing the sittings of parliament. work, is very considerable. A steam engine puts in motion fourteen large looms. By this means this manufactory is able to furnish for fourteen shillings the same goods which formerly cost forty. The produce of the establishment is very considerable. They sell every week seven or eight hundred dozen of braces (bretelles). A quantity of these goods go to America. The cathedral of Litchfield, where we arrived on the 9th of November 1815, is built in the most ancient style. In this cathedral there is a monument of the celebrated Garrick. From Litchfield the road lies along the side of the great canal, through a beautiful valley. This canal crosses the river Trent, over which it is conducted by means of a brick bridge (or aqueduct) supported by twelve arches. Near Ashley we saw the first iron rail-road. The waggons used on these roads have four small At Derby we halted. The town lies upon low light wheels of cast-iron. On these four the river Derwent, at the foot of the mountains wheels stands a square kind of chest. The wag-which form the north side of the county of Dergon is drawn by one horse. On the 7th we arrived at Beaudesert, a fine seat belonging to the Marquis of Anglesea. During our stay there, we were enabled to form an idea of the mode of living of the rich English land-owners. Before nine o'clock in the morning nobody is to be seen. At ten, the company assemble in the drawing-room, where an ample breakfast is provided, which consists of tea, bread and butter, toast, eggs, cutlets, &c. This breakfast lasts an hour; then the company separate, and every one employs or amuses himself as he thinks fit till dinner, which is served up at six or seven o'clock. Half an hour before dinner, the company meet in the library or drawing by, and all containing mines. Of the five churches Two canals unite at Derby and pour their waters into the Derwent. We left town on the 10th. The country becomes more and more irregular. The eminences are entirely cultivated. At a pretty village, the road divides into two branches, one of which leads to Belper, the other to Wirksworth. We took the latter. It continually ascends, and the country becomes gradually more barren. Here, as well as in other parts of England, we meet men on horseback, with women sitting behind them, on a saddle contrived for the purpose. In the neighbourhood of Wirksworth, the openings of the mines are to be seen on all the surrounding hills. The lead-mines in the county of Derby produce annually five or six thousand tons. In many of them the lead is mixed with calamine, which is separated in reverberatory furnaces, then calcined, pounded, and washed. In a valley near Cromford, we were shewn a great cotton mill, which was erected by Sir Richard Arkwright in 1792. It was he who first introduced into England the great cotton mills, and led to the flourishing state of this branch of industry. In the neighbourhood of Matlock we saw a spring, which possesses the property of covering things that are dipped in it, in the space of six minutes, with a calcareous crust. The water is lukewarm, being of the temperature of 68 de grees of Fahrenheit. The proprietor of the spring, which is in a cavern that is closed up, has built a shed, or hut, near it, in which the incrusted things are sold; they consist of eggs, little baskets, skulls of animals, birds' nests, &c. The sale of them is considerable, especially to the company who come to take the waters at Matlock. The crust which thus covers the ar 276 ticles put into the water is of a brown colour. The warm springs at Matlock were discovered in the seventeenth century. There are three bathing houses, and sufficient room for four hundred persons. We went down into the celebrated cavern, known by the name of Cumberland's cavern. It did not appear to us very interesting, except for mineralogists, who visit it with a hammer in their hands, and make a rich collection of crystallizations of spar, &c. We were told that finer specimens were to be found in Rutland's cavern, on the other side of Matlock. They have lately discovered in it, copper combined with vitriol. In Matlock, as well as Derby, there are magazines of Spar vases. That of Messrs Brown and Mawe contains an uncommonly beautiful collection of these articles. We saw here specimens of the newly discovered varieties of the red spar. We were informed that Mr Mawe is one of the first mineralogists in England: he has written a work on the minerals of Derbyshire. (To be continued.) Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic The memoirs comprised in these volumes, are forty in number; and when we add, that they were written by Drs Sibthorp and Hunt, Professor Carlyle, Messrs Wilkins, Morrit, Hawkins, Haygarth, Raikes, and Davison, the late Colonel Squire, Captain Light, and other accomplished scholars, our readers will be enabled to judge of the rich and diversified instruction and entertainment whieh Mr Walpole has here presented to their notice. them with great celerity, and small masts, with Latine sails, are also used when the winds are favourable. Every chief had one or more of these, and all exercised piracy as freely, and with the same sentiments as appear to have prevailed a mong the heroes of the Odyssey, and early inhabitants of Greece. of Bey of the Maina, and in that character | "The passes of the interior part of the country are known only to the natives; and to penetrate along the coast, while the Mainiots are in possession of the mountains, would require courage and discipline very superior to such as are generally displayed by the Turkish soldiery. In the war conducted by Lambro, with Russian money, the Mainiots were found so troublesome to the Turks, that a combined attack was made upon their country, by the fleet under the Capoudan Pasha, which landed troops upon their coast, and the forces of the Morea, which marched at The first article is an account of a journey the same time from Misitra. The number of through the district of Maina, (part of the an- these two armies, probably exaggerated, was ratcient Laconia,) in the Morea, performed by Mred by the Mainiots at 20,000 men. The result Morrit in the year 1795. The Mainiots, having of the attack by sea was pointed out to me near long maintained their independence against the Cardamyle; a heap of whitening bones in a dell pashas of the Morea, and the agents of the near the town, the remains of the Turks, who, Porte, guarded their frontiers with such jealousy, after suffering the severest privations, were not that travellers journeying under Turkish protec- so fortunates the rest in finding a refuge in tion, found it difficult to penetrate their country. their fleet. The attack by land was equally dis-Undeterred, however, by the reports which he astrous After a fruitless attempt to advancehad received of their piratical and predatory and burning a few inconsiderable villages, their character, Mr Morritt entered this region by army was obliged to retire, harassed by the fury The Mainiots profess the faith of the Greek Calamata, a small but populous town, principally of the people, while another party of the Maini- church, and, like most of the members of that inhabited by Greeks, who were subject to the ots burst into the plain of the Eurotas, drove off church, were exceedingly superstitious. The softpasha of the Morea, and situated at a short dis- whatever they could plunder, and in the flames er sex were treated with respect, and partook tance from the sea, on the eastern side of the of Misitra, a considerable Turkish town, expiat- with their husbands in the duties of domestic life, beautiful and extensive plain of Messenia. This ed the trifling mischief they had sustained at while they also shared with them the dangers of town was formery subject to the Venetians, ma- home. the field. At Kitrees, Mr Morritt was entertainny vestiges of whose architecture still remain; "Such are the stories at least which I hearded with great hospitality by Zanetachi Kutuphaand in consequence of its contiguity to the Mai-repeated by their chiefs, and which the common ri, formerly bey of the Maina. The account of na, whether its Greek inhabitants, and those of people no less delighted to tell. Though easily unit- this chieftain, and of his niece Helena to whom its surrounding districts could easily remove bothed, when threatened by the Turk, yet frequent feuds the place belonged, is so curious and interesting, their persons and their effects, these people en- and petty warfare too often arose between their that we cannot resist the temptation of presentjoyed a larger measure of liberty and security of chiefs at home; these feuds, however, preserved ing it to our readers. property, than falls to the lot of those Grecks,alive the martial spirit of the people, and they who unhappily are subject to all the caprice were, perhaps, on this account, more successful and rapacity of their Turkish governors. in their resistance than they would have been if The government of the Maina, at the time it their government was more settled, and they had was visited by Mr Morritt, resembled in many enjoyed'a more uninterrupted peace. By sea their respects the ancient establishment of the high- warfare was still more inextinguishable. They land clans in Scotland; being divided into pet-infested with their row-boats every corner of the ty districts, under the command of a capitano or Cyclades and Morea, and made a lawful prize of chief, whose usual residence was a fortified tow-any vessel that was too weak for resistance; or er, the resort of his family and clan in times of peace, and their refuge during war. These chieftains were independent of each other, the judges of their people at home, and their leaders when they took the field. The most powerful eapitano of the district usually assumed the title | entered by night into the villages and dwellings "The house consisted of two towers of stone, exactly resembling our own old towers upon the borders of England and Scotland; a row of offiees and lodgings for servants, stables, and open sheds, inclosing a court, the entrance to which was through an arched and embattled gateway. On our approach, an armed retainer of the family came out to meet us, spoke to our guard who attended us from Myla. He returned with him to the castle, and informed the chief, who hastened to the gate to welcome us, surrounded by a crowd of gazing attendants, all surprised at the novelty of seeing English guests. We were received, however, with the most cordial welcome, and shewn to a comfortable room on the |