fon to remove a lighter, or boat, at high water, difcovered the boy under water; he immediately got up the body, and carried it into the houfe, a lifeless corpfe; but having heard the method of recovering drowned perfons with falt, he directly ftripped the cloaths off the boy, and applied a quantity of fine falt, which he kept conftantly rubbing the boy with, and applying warm blankets. Help alfo being obtained, a clyfter was infufed into the body, when in about fifteen minutes there were faint figns of life difcovered by a moving of the belly, and a small noife in the bowels, which foon after was followed by a froth iffuing from his mouth. The method was continued till the water discharged itfelf freely, and in about two hours the boy recovered his fenfes fo as to speak; and, in an hour or two after, was able to give an account of the manner of his falling in, which, to the time of his father's taking him up, according to the beft computation, was above a quarter of an hour: however that be, the boy, when carried into the houfe, had no pulfe, his neck fliff, and to all appearance he was dead. -He is now recovered, excepting his feet, in which, the blood, fet. tling there, has caufed a foreness, that prevents his walking.

Account of a young man recovered from a ftupefaction, caufed by the fmoke of fea-coal. By Dr. Frezen of Suflex. From the Philofophical Tranjactions for the year 1762.

WIlliam Colebrook, a lad of

feventeen years of years of age, was left alone to take care

of his mafter's veffel in Rye harbour, the 4th of June 1761; and fhutting up all clofe, at at nine o'clock in the evening, he laid himself down to fleep in a fall cabbin, where there had been a fea-coal fire, which was not properly extinguished, and, the chimney place being flopped, it foon grew full of fmoke; the effect of which, when the people came on board next morning, proved to have been fo powerful, as to render him totally deprived of all the fenfible motions of the body, ex-, cepting thofe of the heart and lungs. The caufe of this ftupor being prefently fufpected, he was brought out, upon the deck, in hopes the fresh air would prove of fervice; but neither that, nor bleeding, bliftering, or any other applications they made ufe of, affifted him in the leaft under this torpid fituation. Being brought home to his master's houfe about noon, I vifited him, and found him in the fame foporous, apopleâic flate, with a feeble pulfe, refpiration laboured and difficult, a rattling in his throat, and utterly void of all fenfation. He appeered much like one I had feen, who had taken an over-dofe of opium, and died of it.

I strongly recommended the plunging this patient into a cold bath; which being complied with, and done as expeditiously as it could be, was attended with a fuccefs even beyond my expectations. Immediately upon the immerfion, (for I ordered but only one plunge, fuppofing that a fecond would prove lefs efficacious, by weakening the power of the

firft) he opened his eyes and mouth, and fhut them again. He

was then inftantly put to bed naked, between the blankets; and in a very few minutes time, a very great and univerfal sweat came on him, which continued for many hours. In the evening, he was first perceived to move a little, feemingly as if disturbed by the roughness of the blankets ftimulating his fkin; a while after, he opened his eyes, and looked a little about him, in a confufed manner. Some time after that, he grew more fenfible, and fpoke; but could only give the fhort anfwers, yes and no. His refpiration was fill difficult, and very laborious; but his pulfe was stronger and fuller; on which account, I ordered a little blood to be taken away; and he took frequently, a very little at a time, of fome fweet oil. For his ordinary drink I directed boiling water poured upon bread, with a little white wine, lemon juice, and fugar; of which, at firit, he took but very little at a time, and afterwards more in quantity as he could get it down.

The next day, I found him much better, when he fat up; he talked, and drank fome tea. His breathing was eafier, but he complained of a fhort troublefome cough, and hoarfenefs; for which I ordered him a fmooth pectoral inctus and a lenient purging draught was also given him, which had the defired effect. He continued growing better for a day or rwo, when I called upon him again, and finding his cough and hoarfenefs ftill remain, with a little fhortnefs of breath, I directed him pills of millepedes, and gum ammoniac made up with bal. fulph. to be taken twice a day, drinking warm milk after them; by which means

he grew perfectly well, and went to fea in twelve days.

Method to prevent potatoes and other vegetables from being destroyed by frost.

T

Dablin, Jan. 22, 1763. has been difcovered by fome naturalifts, that fruits penetrated by froft, fuch as pears, apples, &c. receive no injury thereby, provided the nitre or frofty particles are extracted, by putting the fruit into cold water when a thaw approaches, and letting it remain there a convenient time, until it is purged, as it were, by degrees, of all the nitrous fpicule, which the air by its activity would agitate with fuch violence in a thaw, as would lacerate the fubftance of the fruit, and reduce it to a foft pulp or liquid. The water feems in this inftance as a lixivium to fuck away thofe minute thorns, by flow degrees, and without offending the folids of the fruit. This experiment may be extended to roots, and particularly to potatoes. And as we are threatened with a fevere frost this winter, the knowledge of this experiment may be the means of preferving the root, and confequently the lives of thoufands in this kingdom, where the lofs of that root by froft, in the year 1740, caufed the greatest famine and ficknefs known in the memory of man; but it would be highly imprudent for thofe who have a ftore of potatoes, not to guard them with the utmost care from froft; as it is better to keep off an enemy, than be at the trouble of driving him

out.

Extract from a a letter in the Mufeum Rufticum et Commerciale, on a cheap method of making good rubolejome bread, when wheat-meal is dear, by mixing turneps, &c.

swith it.

ΑΙ

T the time I tried this method bread was very dear, infomuch that the poor people in the country where I live could hardly afford themselves half a meal a day: this put me upon confidering whether fome cheaper method might not be found, than making it of wheat-meal.

Turneps were at that time very plentiful. I had a number of them pulled, washed clean, pared, and boiled: when they were become foft enough to mafh, I had the greatest part of the water preffed out of them, and afterwards had them mixed with an equal quantity, in weight, of coarfe wheat-meal: the dough was then made in the ufual manner, with yeaft or barm, falt, -water, &c. it rofe very well in the trough, and after being well kneaded, was formed into loaves, and put into the oven to be baked.

I had, at the fame time, fome other bread made with common meal in the ordinary way. I baked my turnep-bread rather longer than the other.

When they were drawn from the oven, I caufed a loaf of each fort to be cut, and found, on examination, the turnep-bread was fweeter than the other, to the full as light, and as white, but had a little taste, though no ways difagreeable, of the turnep. Twelve hours after wards I tafted my turnep-bread again, when I found the tafte of the turnep in it fcarcely perceivable, and the smell quite gone off.

On examining it when it had been baked twenty-four hours, had I not known there were turneps in its compofition, I fhould not have imagined it: it had, it is true, peculiar fweetith tafte, but by no means difagreeable; on the contrary, I rather preferred it to the bread made of wheat-meal alone.

After it had been baked fortyeight hours, it underwent another examination, when it appeared to me to be rather fuperior to the other; it eat fresher and moifter, and had not at all abated in its good qualities to be fhort, it was fill very good after a week, and, as far as I could fee, kept as well as the bread made of common wheatmeal.

In my trials of this bread by the take, I was not fatisfied with eating it by itfelf; I had fome of it fpread with butter; I tafted it with cheefe; I eat of it toafted and buttered, and finally in boiled milk, and in foup: in all thefe forms it was very palatable and good.

When I had thus far fucceeded, I had fome more of it made in the fame manner, and after it was baked and cold, I fent for fome of my poor neighbours, giving them of it to eat: they faid there was fomething particular in the taste of it, but could not tell what to refemble it to: they allowed it was not difagreeable; yet, when I told them in what maaner it was made, they declined eating any more of it, alledging it was not what they were used to; and no perfuafions were powerful enough to induce them, though wheat was then at a very high price, to make fome of it for their family ufe.

I am very much inclined to think, that very good bread might,

in the fame manner, be made, in times of fcarcity, with carrots, parfneps, potatoes, Jerufalem-artichokes, and many other articles, other articles, which might be raised at a trifling expence: the carrot-puddings and the potatoe-puddings, which are both frequently feen at the tables of the great, have no particular taste of the refpective roots they are made of; and this would, I dare fay, be the cafe with the bread.

It is for the intereft of the community, that the food of the poor fhould be as various as poffible: whilft their chief food is bread made of wheat-meal only, every time the crop of wheat fails, they are driven to the greatest diftrefs; whereas, had they other ready and cheap refources, this would never be the cafe.

When wheat is dear, turneps or potatoes are frequently to be had at a reasonable rate; but if prejudice fteps forward, and forbids the ufe of them, of what avail is it?

This difference in the foil of my farm is on many accounts a great advantage; particularly, my wheat does not all ripen at the fame time; I have generally nearly got in that growing on my gravelly land, before that on my clay is fit to cut; and I can befides plow in all weathers, froft excepted.

But, not to digrefs too much, I took it into my head that, with proper care, I could breed for myfelf, on my own land, as good feed-wheat as any I could buy, if not better; and I determined within myfelf to make the experiment.

Before I made this experiment, I had reduced the quantity of feed I ufed on each acre, from four to three bushels, which was a great faving to me. I had ftill occafion for above twenty quarters.

My first step was to select ten acres of the best land I had; five from the heavy, and as many from the light part of my farm: this land was by nature rich and good; it lay on the gentle fouthern declivity of a hill, and required very little manure; it lay in two little detached fields,at some distance one from the other.

When I had prepared this land by a winter and fummer fallowing, in which time the clayey part was plowed feven times, and the light land five times, I had both fields fown with fome of the best wheat I could procure; that for the heavy land I got from Herefordfhire, the other from a particular friend who holds a farm in Cambridgeshire.

When the feafon for fowing approached, I was mightily pleased with the appearance of my two little plots; for they refembled the beft-kept gardens, not a weed to

be