never can be supplied effectually from England, how much soever they may be required, must stamp an indelible value on this important settlement.

After the capture of the Cape of Good Hope, Brigadier-General Ferguson was seized with a very serious liver complaint, which obliged him to return to this country, and he continued unemployed in a military capacity till 1808, when, with the rank of Major-Gen. he was appointed to the command of a Brigade under the Marquis of Wellington, then Sir Arthur Wellesley. In the battles of Roliça* and Vimiera Major-Gen. Ferguson had opportunities of exercising those abilities which he had proved himself to possess whilst holding subaltern commissions, and he received from his gallant Commander the most gratifying commendations. In his public dispatches, Sir Arthur Wellesley accurately detailed the operations of the troops under Major-Gen. Ferguson, and dwelt in animating language on the conduct of their General. Of the position formed, and advance on the enemy of Major-General Ferguson at the Battle of Vimiera, Sir Arthur observed, "that he shewed in both equal bravery and judgment."

Major-General Ferguson returned with Sir Arthur Wellesley and other officers, to England, after the convention of Cintra, and was examined by the Court of Inquiry, appointed on that business. He was presented with an honorary medal by His Majesty for his distinguished conduct, and included in a vote of thanks which the Houses of Parliament bestowed upon the gallant officers engaged in the battle of Vimiera. The following is the reply Gen. Ferguson delivered in his place as a Member of Parliament to the vote of thanks.

" Mr. Speaker,

"I beg leave to return you my warmest acknowledgments for the high and distinguished honour which this House has conferred on me. Having ever considered that the greatest reward which a soldier can attain is the approbation of his country, the thanks of this House must be received by me with gratitude and pride. I am well aware, however, that I owe not this honour to my own merit, but to my singular good fortune in commanding such officers and such men as were placed under my immediate orders,

* Vide Military Panorama, Vol. I. p. 182, where a full account is given of this battle, illustrated by a beautifully engraved plan.

+ Vide Military Panorama, Vol. I. p. 226, for a minute description of this battle, and a plan descriptive of the different movements of the armies.

and being myself under the guidance of a General whose talents, decision, and bravery, justly secured to him the confidence of every man in his army."

In 1809, Major-General Ferguson was appointed to a command in the army under Sir David Baird, but he did not arrive at Coruña until the British troops quitted that place, and he consequently returned to this country. The following year he was appointed second in command at Cadiz. This distinguished

situation he held for a few months, but the return of his liver complaint rendered it necessary for him to resign his command and repair to England. Since that period General Ferguson has not held any military appointment. His abilities as an officer are, however, too well known,and justly appreciated for him to be permitted long to remain out of active employ when his health will allow of his valuable services being advantageously exercised.

In the general election of 1806, this officer was elected a Member of Parliament for Kirkaldy. He was re-elected in 1807, and also in 1812.

FELIX Bacciochi was born in Corsica, the 18th of May, 1762. His parents were noble, and though far from rich, gave him a good education they designed him for the military profession, notwithstanding his quiet and timid disposition indicated how little he was fitted for such pursuits. His exactitude in fulfilling his duties, and his probity, procured him the esteem of his chiefs, the love of his comrades, and the respect of his subordinates. He passed successively through all the steps to that of Colonel, which he obtained with the 26th regiment of light infantry. On the 5th of May, 1797, he married the eldest sister of Buonaparte. As he had but little aptitude for the various cares which the command of a regiment requires, he procured the rank of Adjutant-General-more comfortable to his taste and talents: he has been a member of the conservatory senate, since the 29th of November, 1804; he is also (for which he may thank his wife) Prince of Lucca and Piombino, and Governor of Tuscany.

Camillus, Prince of Borghese, was born at Rome, the 19th of December, 1775. Although his family was one of the first in Rome, both for its rank and wealth, yet was his education neglected: he very early evinced a taste for the profession of arms, and made his first campaigns in a legion of volunteers, which made a part of the French army. His ancient rank of Prince, and his anxiety to please Buonaparte, procured him the hand of General Leclerc's widow, whom he married on the 6th of November, 1803. He

was made Chief of Squadron in the Imperial Guards, and some little time afterwards Colonel of Carabiniers. The 30th of March, 1806, he became, through his wife, Prince and Duke of Guastalla; he is now Governor-General of the Departments on the other side of the Alps, and in that capacity, a Grand Dignitary of the French empire.

Bacciochi and Borghese should be distinguished from the crowd of adventurers favoured by fortune. By their birth, they were honourably placed in society, and their loyal and benevolent character would have assured them, at all times, the attachment of those around thein. Both set out in a military career, in which, though they did not shine, they appeared with honour. They treated their soldiers with kindness, and knew how to make themselves beloved by them; but, notwithstanding all their regard for their officers, they rarely succeeded in inspiring that confidence, produced by superior talent; they had, however, the good sense to do justice to themselves, by never soliciting for military commands, which, by openly shewing their little capability of carrying on war on a large scale, might have considerably affected the public service.

They are reproached as being only the principal valets of their wives; particularly Bacciochi, who has consented to be simply Governor of Tuscany, whilst the Princess Eliza is its Grand Duchess. It is not Bacciochi that ought to be blamed for this ridiculous disposal of things, but Buonaparte, who thus willed it by one of those whims which are so familiar to him, and of which he has acquired the right of giving an account to no one. We owe these two princes the justice to say, that the rank, favour, and riches they enjoy, have in no wise changed that good disposition, with which nature has favoured them; and I dare affirm, that, if they were their own masters in their government, the Piedmontese and Tuscans would cherish them as much as their ancient sovereigns. Bacciochi and Borghese are, like Murat and Jerome, two Aids-de-Camp of Buonaparte, ready implicitly to execute every order they may receive, without allowing themselves to make the least comment. This weakness, which must degrade them in the eyes of every friend to justice and humanity, is certainly very blameable; they no doubt condemn themselves internally, and would willingly give authentic proofs of their real sentiments, were they out of the power of the author of an enchantment as inexplicable as it is debasing.

GENEROSITY OF A BRITISH SOLDIER.

A few months since, bread was so scarce with the army in the Peninsula, that a dollar was given for a small loaf. A Portuguese General officer observing an English soldier with two loaves, asked him to sell him one for two dollars.-The man bluntly refused to sell, but said, if he would accept one, it was at his service.-The officer accepted the generous offer, and took down the soldier's name, whom he never lost sight of until he had got him a commission in the Portuguese service.

RUSSIAN CAMPAIGNS.

(Continued from page 324.)

AT the latter end of January, the King of Prussia, who felt himself, whilst at Potsdam, entirely in the power of the French General and garrison of Berlin, resolved on obtaining his personal freedom by a sudden and unexpected removal to Breslau. Having arrived there, he, on the 3d of February, issued proclamations to his subjects, calling on them to arm in support of their King and country.

This patriotic call was well understood, and thousands of volunteers, in all parts of the kingdom, presented themselves for enrolment. Mortified and enraged at this sight, Beauharnois, the Commander of the French armies, who, in his disastrous flight, had sought refuge at Berlin, forbad the recruiting enjoined by the Royal Prussian decree. This unparalleled affront could have no other effect than to excite the indignation of the King and his people. Meanwhile, the Russians advanced victoriously through Poland.— On the 8th of February, as already stated, Gen. Miloradovitch had taken possession of the city of Warsaw, and the citizens immediately addressed a proclamation to their brethren fighting under the banners of the enemy, calling them to return to their homes.

The Emperor Alexander triumphed as much by his clemency as by his arms. The Austrians concluded an unlimited truce, in virtue of which they withdrew into Gallicia; and the Saxons, under Regnier, profited of this circumstance to retire behind the Austrians toward their own country. On the evening of the 13th of February, however, Gen. Winzingerode came up with Gen. Regnier at Kalitsch. The enemy directed their movements upon the city, to form a junction with from 3 to 4000 Poles, who had 15 pieces of cannon with them, and found themselves at the very instant attacked by the Russian troops with their characteristic ardour. The result of this attack was most honorable to the Russians, as the enemy's infantry, who were in superior force, made a brave and obstinate resistance. Two Saxon standards, 7 pieces of cannon, the Saxon General Rostitz, 3 colonels, 36 officers, and 2000 privates, were the trophies of this day. Gen. Winzingerode's advanced-guard pursued the enemy, who retreated upon Raczkowo and Ostrowo. In this state of things, the King of Prussia offered himself as a mediator between the chief belligerents. On the 15th of February he

proposed a truce, on condition that the Russian troops should retire behind the Vistula, and the French troops behind the Elbe, leaving Prussia, and all its fortresses, free from foreign occupation.These terms were, doubtless, exceedingly favourable to the beaten and discomfited tyrant, who had so lately threatened to annihilate the independence both of Russia and Prussia. However, they were sullenly rejected by him; whilst, on the other side, the Emperor Alexander testified sentiments of such liberality toward the Prussian monarchy and nation, as could not but insure to him their cordial attachment. The patriots accordingly crowded around their Sovereign at Breslau: they represented, that the moment was at length arrived to shake off the degrading yoke, to which, in common with all Germany, their nation had been so long subjected: they wisely and energetically insisted, that there was but one line to be adopted-an alliance offensive and defensive with Russia. Truth, honour, and justice prevailed.

On the 22d of February a treaty of peace and alliance, offensive and defensive, was mutually consented to by the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia, and an active combined system of military operations arranged. The plenipotentiaries were Marshal Prince Kutusoff Smolensk, and the Chancellor Baron Hardenberg. On the 17th of February the Emperor Alexander issued another animating ukase to his army, in which he informed them, that a medal of distinction should be given to all those who distinguished themselves in the campaign of 1812.

The King of Prussia also issued a proclamation to the public, and the following to the army.

"TO MY ARMY-Often have you expressed your wishes of fighting for the liberty and independence of your country. The moment for doing it is now arrived; there is no member of the nation by whom this is not felt. Youths and men voluntarily fly to arms. What in them is free-will, is to you who belong to the standing army, a call.

"From you, ordained to defend the native country, she is entitled to demand what is offered by the others.

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"See! what numbers forsake every thing they hold most dear, to venture their lives with you in their country's cause. You will, therefore, doubly feel your sacred duty!

"May all of you, on the day of battle, or in time of trouble, keep in mind moderation and due discipline. Let individual ambition, be it either in the highest or lowest of the army, sink before that of all. He that feels for his country, does not think of self. May the envious meet contempt, when the general welfare only is concerned.