not arrive at Breitenstein and Bienenbuttel until the 2d of April, in the morning, twelve hours after the entry of the French into Luneberg. Here they were informed, that on this very forenoon several executions were to take place in Luneberg, and that a number of victims were again to attest the tyranny of the oppressors of Germany. They, therefore, determined to attack the city on the moment, and for which they made the following dispositions:

The Colonel Baron Von Pahlen was ordered by General Von Tschernicheff to surround the town on the left bank of the Elmenau with two regiments of Cossacks, and commence the attack there, and draw the attention of the enemy from the point of the main attack, intended to be made on the right bank of the Elmenau.

At the same time, General Tschernicheff caused the position of Bienenbuttel to be strongly garrisoned, it being of the greatest importance to the enemy for surrounding the Russian corps. General Dornberg had likewise the foresight to detach a regiment of Cossacks to Dallenburg, to cover the roads to Dannenberg, Gartono, and Lukow, and guard the passage over the Netze with one company of infantry and a cannon. Scarcely had these two corps approached the town, on the right bank of the Elmenau, within the distance of two cannon shot, and drawn themselves up in order, under cover of the bushes and hedges, than Colonel Baron Von Pahlen, with great skill, commenced the attack on the other side with the expected success. The enemy went against him with two battalions of infantry and three pieces of artillery, with intent to cut him off from the road to Bienenbuttel. Both parties encountered at this place, and charged each other briskly. Generals Von Dornberg, Von Benkendorff, and Von Tschernicheff, now caused on their side the cavalry to advance in such a manner, that Von Benkendorff led the right, and Tschernicheff the left wing. The enemy, who was in total ignorance of the strength of the Russian and Prussian corps, and imagined that he had only to deal with a few Cossacks, was hereby surprized: he, however, detached about a battalion of infantry, with two cannon, and 150 cavalry on this side. This cavalry was immediately attacked, and defeated by Colonel Von Bedraga, and the two cannon were likewise cut off from the town and taken.

At the same time General Von Dornberg, at the head of the Prussian battalion of infantry commanded by Major Von Borke, and cavalry commanded by General Von Benkendorff, rushed on the enemy's battalion, and drove it along the bridge, close under

the town, on the right bank of the Elmenau. The Russian battalion of infantry under the command of Major Von Essen, at the same time attacked them on the left bank of the Elmenau, and General Von Tschernicheff supported these movements with two pieces of artillery, and made an attack at the head of his cavalry. The Russian and Prussian infantry found the gates, the walls, and even the houses in the town, defended by the enemy's infantry. The situa tion of the place was favourable for making a vigorous resistance, and here one of the most obstinate and bloody engagements took place. Russians and Prussians emulating each other, coveredthemselves with glory, and the artillery, which was not more than 100 paces distant from that of the enemy, caused great devastation in the streets of the town.

The dispositions made by General Dornberg, during the engagement, were exceedingly skilful. General Tschernicheff, at the head of his Hussars, broke into the town almost at the same time with the enemy's tirailleurs, and on this occasion the brave Major Count Von Puschkin was killed by a cartridge ball.

At length the Prussians first succeeded, after the battle had continued with the greatest obstinacy at the entrance of the town for more than two hours, to possess themselves of another gate, and to make way for General Benkendorff's cavalry, and the rest of General Tschernicheff's cavalry. This forced the enemy to quit the town, which he did in such haste, that one of his battalions being cut off, was obliged to remain there. The Russian corps was so weak in infantry, that this battalion could not be immediately subdued, almost all the troops being employed in the pursuit of the enemy. Meanwhile, Colonel Baron Von Pahlen profited of this moment with the greatest ability, drawing the regiment of Cossacks sent him by General Tettenborn to his assistance, and manœuvred conjointly with Generals Dornberg and Tschernicheff's cavalry in such a manner, that the enemy was closed in on all sides. They now despaired of success, but nevertheless formed themselves into three squares, and determined on defending themselves to the last. A brisk fire of musketry now commenced, as the battalion which was there cut off, being discovered by the Russian Yagers, made a desperate attack with the bayonet; but this was the enemy's last effort, who being mowed down by the Russian and Prussian fire of grapeshot, saw there was no possibility of escape, and laid down their arms at all points. The result of this day's victory was nine pieces of artillery, (four of which were taken by the corps of General

Dornberg, four by that of General Tschernicheff, and one by General Tettenborn's Cossacks) two of the aforesaid guns, and two pair of colours, were presented to General Tschernicheff by Colonel Von Pahlen, and he received a third pair of colours by the Finland regiment of Dragoons, under the command of Colonel Von Kruse. Among the prisoners was the Commander of the Corps, and General of Division, Morand, who was severely wounded; and besides him the Chief of his General Staff, De Lourde, the Saxon Colonel Von Eberstein, Colonel Poisy, and all the officers of the General Staff. In the whole the Russians took upwards of 100 officers and 2200 private prisoners.

The zeal and assiduity, combined with judgment, evinced by the Generals in this first battle of the Combined Russian and Prussian troops on the left bank of the Elbe, reflected the greatest honour on them. The first considerable battle on the German ground, where two weak battalions of infantry, and by reason of the many detachments made, only about 2000 cavalry, took a town encompassed with walls and ditches, and defended with the greatest obstinacy, certainly deserved honourable mention in the annals of this memorable war.

Contrary to what has always been observed in the Continental wars, the French were at this period kept in the greatest ignorance of their adversaries' movements; and the Allies generally contrived to obtain accurate information of their plans.-Thus it happened in the present instance. Whilst Beauharnois, not knowing that Wittgenstein was so near him, was flattering himself that he should march on unimpeded to Berlin, the latter was taking the most skilful measures, first to surround, and then to fall upon him with his entire force. For this purpose he collected the corps of Von Yorck and Berg, at Zerbst and Leitzkau, on the great southern road from Magdeburg to Dessau, whilst those of Borstell and Bulow were stationed at Nedlitz and Ziesar, rather to the northward of Magdeburg. Both parties were to move forward simultaneously from the opposite points, and the one was to fall on the enemy with impetuosity the moment it learnt, by a cannonade, that the other had commenced an attack. The plan perfectly succeeded. The enemy, who had the advantage of the ground, resisted obstinately; but he was successively driven, by the separate detachments of the Allies, from the positions, which he endeavoured to maintain at three different villages, and after having two regiments of cavalry entirely

cut to pieces, he owed the preservation of his remaining force only to the intervention of darkness. In the course of the night he drew off at all points, and did not even attempt to maintain the defiles, but retreated through them to Magdeburg, which fortress was afterwards closely blockaded on that side. Thus were the French already twice defeated by the united Russian and Prussian forces; their first attempt, on each side of the Elbe, frustrated. The victories of Luneburg and Mockern were hailed as omens of the success of the campaign, and a solemn Te Deum was sung on account of these glorious exploits, in all the churches of the Prussian metropolis.

The Russian force at this time was divided into three large armies-one under Wittgenstein, a second under Tschichagoff, and a third under Winzingerode; Kutusoff commanding the whole.Wittgenstein's main force had crossed the Elbe, in order to drive the French force towards the Maine. One of Wittgenstein's corps, under General Beckendorff, had entered Lubeck. Other corps were on the Elbe, near Boitzenberg. Part of Tschichagoff's army was near Thorn, whilst another part was employed under Platow in the siege of Dantzic. Part of Winzingerode's army was near Custrin and Lansberg. Another part occupied the old town of Dresden, whilst another corps had passed the Elbe at Schandau, to turn Davoust. About 100,000 Russian reinforcements were on the Vistula.—The Prussian force was thus distributed: General Blucher had removed from Silesia into Saxony; General Yorck was at Berlin with the main army. Detachments had been sent to Hamburgh and Rostock, which were now occupied by Prussian corps; and another Prussian detachment had invested Stettin. A Swedish force was at Stralsund, and by the commencement of the next campaign the Crown Prince of Sweden was expected to have the command of 50,000 men.-The Russian force, with which the campaign was expected at this period to open, amounted to 220,000 men; the Prussian 70,000; Swedish and Pomeranian 50,000. A grand total of 340,000 men. To this must be added the force which Hanover, Hesse, Brunswick, the Hanse Towns, and Saxony, might furnish.

Nearly the whole of Continental Europe appeared in a state bordering on insurrection against the French. Those who, like the Dutch, had for years habitually crouched under the yoke of Buonaparte, entertained the general feeling which his conduct had inspired: but they could not be expected to take up arms whilst hostile garrisons were in all their towns, and no large army near to cover and support their insurrection. Besides, Holland is too small a country

to assert its right in competition with the great military empire headed by Buonaparte. The same may be said of Genoa, where, in the course of March, a plot to excite insurrection was discovered, and punished by the execution of the five principal conspirators: not long previously, a similar plot was detected at Florence.These States are too narrow in extent to venture easily on great undertakings; but, if once the patriots of Italy could make common cause, and rely on each other for support, their boldness in asserting their freedom would not be less than we have already seen in Spain, for the hatred of the Italians against the French is universal, and their ancient renown, the hardy and naturally warlike character of their peasantry, their habit of using fire-arms from their infancy, and many other circumstances equally favourable to national independence, assure us, that, if they could be but once united under a common standard, they would irresistibly advance to the establishment of a free and mighty dominion.

It was this nationality, this agreement of Saxons, Westphalians, Hanoverians, and Hamburghers, in the common name, interest, and feelings of Germans, that gave consistency to their insurrection, and afforded the most reasonable ground of hope in their success. It has always been Buonaparte's policy to break and fritter away the power of Germany, among the petty principalities of the Rhenish Confederation. Wisely, therefore, the Allies resolved, that this badge of vassalage, this artful invention of foreign jealousy, should be, if possible, dissolved, and a new foundation laid for that communion of interests, which could alone form the German people into a solid rampart against the future attacks of French ambition.

It is now necessary to turn our attention, and with it will follow indignation, to a circumstance which cannot fail to sink deep into the heart, and to receive a strong and lasting impression on the feelings of oppressed humanity. On the 4th of April, Buonaparte had a special commission assembled at Bremen, and Hermann Fruse, aged 26; Repke Bosche, 29; Hermann Henre Heuchaus, 21; all dwelling at Blexen, in the arrondissement of Oldenburg; and Gerd Harms, aged 46, living at Tettens, near Blexen, were convicted of having borne arms against France, and taken in the flagrant crime at the battery of Blexen. Their property was therefore confiscated and themselves condemned to death. Here was a repetition of the cold-blooded massacre of Moscow. Buonaparte announced his will as paramount to reason and conscience-as a law arbitrary and ultimate, not to be questioned by man, not to be controled by the