to our welfare. Our relations will then be mutually beneficial, which, from our situation in a narrow and inhospitable corner of Europe, is not the case at present. The only outlet allowed us, and this Great-Britain has it ever in her power wholly to shut up, is closed by nature half the year. Of a country thus situated was Great-Britain jealous, while she was placing herself in a situation to become mistress of every ocean, and sovereign not only of the Peninsula of India, but sole owner of every insular spot in the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Reflect, Sire, on these circumstances, and say if you can treat unless this monstrous jealousy, so impolitic at this moment, is removed, and you are permitted, and not only permitted, but assisted in the necessary, the humane, the honourable measure of expelling the barbarous Turk from the East of Europe, and thus erecting an empire that will check the efforts of France." Such, whatever may be the views of the man, will be the language of the minister. The charge has been made against Count Romanzoff that he is in the pay of France; a charge, perhaps, more easily made than proved-it is not impossible, but to those who have attentively considered Russian politics, and particularly as they stood at the time of the armament, it will not appear so very astonishing or strange, that there should be an indisposition to a treaty of alliance with a country that has so uniformly shewn itself hostile to Russian aggrandisement, while it has so sedulously pursued its own. In fact, if Russia is not suffered to obtain this increase of territory in the South, which is so necessary to her, she can have no inducement to act in the North against Buonaparte. What advantage is she to obtain ?

Having thus given what may be supposed to have been the language of the Russian Minister, and the feelings which have actuated her government at this crisis, let us proceed to discuss the means which Russia possesses without our co-operation, as well as with it, and that of Prussia and Poland.

First, as she now stands, and under the idea that there is to be no insurrection in the North of Germany. She has an army of 80 or 100,000 men on the banks of the Danube. The Servians, under Czerni George's successor, co-operate with an army of 20 or 25,000, thus keeping up a sort of communication with the Adriatic* and

The newspapers said some time ago that the people of Janina, a place situated on the shores of the Adriatic, had shewn a disposition very friendly to Great-Britain. While this was in the course of composition (October 1811) the newspapers contain a confirmation of the fact: but, if Turkey remain your Ally, what service is to be rendered?

the shores of the Archipelago. The army during the past year had been very successful, having within twelve or eighteen months secured Moldavia and Wallachia. Some circumstances of a corrupt nature, if some persons* who have come from thence are to be believed, have retarded their advance, and given time to the Turks to bring up their forces, with which they have lately had some partial success. It is, however, to be observed, that this success has been obtained by means of their whole and only army, the defeat of which will produce to them the most lamentable consequences. Of the means which Russia possesses in order to obtain her object, the strongest proof is the language held on the subject in the Moniteur. Buonaparte appears very jealous of the progress of the Russian Government, a jealousy that can only arise in his mind from a convic. tion of the danger which would arise to his power, should Russia be able to reach the shores of the Mediterranean. All Italy, he well knows, would then be threatened. Another and an equally powerful reason is the occupation of his troops in Spain and Portugal. Should Russia succeed, he would require double the number of troops in those countries. To avoid this he contrives to excite such a jealousy in the North, as to compel Russia to keep up a large army in that neighbourhood, in order to divide her efforts. Thus she is rendered unable to send troops to the Danube. If this game is continued, he may perhaps entertain hopes that the conquest of Spain and Portugal will afford him some lucky opportunity of landing troops in Romelia, an event that would very soon enable him to obtain possession of Constantinople. The fact of his having reached Egypt with 40,000 troops from Toulon, we all remember. This is in some measure a digression. Let us return to the subject of the means of Russia as she now stands, opposed singly to Turkey.Notwithstanding the corruption before alluded to, and the want of funds, which, from her policy toward Great-Britain, she must now begin to feel, still there are reasonable grounds to believe, that except Buonaparte should have some extraordinary good fortune, she may entertain good hopes of success. Particularly if she could be brought to believe what are said to be the opinions of Count Romanzoff," that there is no fear of France," and was to remove part of her troops, there is the strongest reason to believe she will be successful. It will be fortunate for us if Alexander does not believe his minister. How propitious the opportunity it offers!

Pol. and Lit. Rev.-A paper that contained (in October 1811) some interesting information on the subject.

On the other hand, supposing for a moment that Buonaparte should propose to Alexander a restoration of Poland to its rank, a measure often talked of, and in consequence thereof annihilate Prussia for one of his princes, and offer Turkey to Alexander, what would be the consequences?

How does Russia stand if we regard her as the close ally of Prussia and Poland, restored to her former rank? The state of the popular mind in the North of Germany is proved, and their disposition to throw off the yoke put beyond a doubt, by the desertion of the soldiers, and the emigration of the sailors from those countries. Hence it is not very unwarrantable to assume, that an insurrection may be organized from Dantzic to Hamburgh. In this case Prussia would bring 50,000 men into the field, and Poland*, in the state in which it is proposed to place it, will unite with her and Russia in presenting a most formidable front to the armies of France. All circumstances combine to make her weak, and most especially if the insurrection could be headed by a popular Chief, who should lead them as Germans to victory. Let this Chief tell his countrymen-" I am no Prussian, Hanoverian, Brunswicker, or Hessian. I am a German.-We know not these distinctions-Distinctions that, alas! have debased our beloved country: let us, therefore, as Germans, as patriots, drive the barbarous invader from our soil." With this language, and a contemporary destruction of all local jurisdictions, and the remnants of feudal barbarism, there would be every hope of success. That there is a man, who is willing to hold this language, and capable of the task, it is believed His Majesty's ministers are well aware, in consequence of some communication which they had with the son of a gallant Prussian General, at the period that the Battle of Aspern had afforded a glimmering of hope that Germany-that Europe might be saved. The Battle of Wagram ensued-but the period may again arrive, and should we be so fortunate, it will be the duty of Great-Britain to impress these ideas on the mind of Frederick William, although there is every reason to hope, from the lessons which that amiable, but misgui ded and unfortunate monarch has been taught in the school of adversity, that such convictions have already place in his mind. On the other hand, let Great-Britain act with magnanimity. Should this real union be effected, and Russia, Prussia, and Britain, really coalesce, every thing is to be hoped, and little, very little, is to be feared.

What would be the effect on the minds of the Polish troops in Spain, when they heard that their country was restored to its rank? December 1812.—Buonaparte can now answer this question.

With this introduction the writer proposes to state his plan.

The means which he has in view are simply a treaty, which shall make France but a portion, instead of the whole of Europe-a treaty which shall restore a kingdom, blotted out in an evil hour from the map of Europe, and annihilate one of the most horrid despotisms that ever afflicted humanity-a treaty, that shall elevate men into patriots, and exterminate the remnants of barbarism in Europe-a treaty, that shall open to the enlightened of all nations, the countries, where the Catos and the Cæsars, the Scipios and the Ciceros, have trodden-a treaty, that shall give to a world weary of shedding blood a hope of peace, and by a combination of military and naval power, and the extension of commerce, the sciences and the arts, check the career of the modern Attila.

This introduction may appear tedious; but those who have reflected on the subject, and need not the information, which it is hoped is given in it, will be saved the trouble of perusing the whole by beginning to read the paper at this place.

Outline of a Treaty of Alliance, Offence, Defence, and Partition, between Great-Britain, Russia, and Prussia.

RUSSIA to bring troops into the field-to restore her part of Poland as shall hereafter be stated-to be aided by Great-Britain with arms, ammunition, and military stores, whether in the Baltic or Mediterranean, or whether they may be necessary for the furtherance of her views on European Turkey, which is to be guaranteed to the Grand Duke Constantine-to be aided also by the fleets and armies to enter into commercial treaties.

Some circumstances have recently occurred which release us from all engagements with Gustavus.-It will become a matter of discussion whether a good understanding with Bernadotte is not worthy some attention.-If so, Finland may be the means and the price.

Prussia to bring troops into the field-to restore her claim to any part of Poland, to be disposed of as shall hereafter be statedto be aided by Great-Britain with arms, &c.—to be made a power of the first order—to abandon the title of King of Prussia, and assume that of Northern Germany, which shall consist of all his former dominions, to which shall be added Hanover, Pomerania, and Holland, when re-conquered: it will be perhaps necessary to consider whether Silesia ought not to be ceded. Could it not be incorporated with the proposed dominions of the Duke of Brunswick?

Great Britain to yield, as well as on her own part as on that of the Dukes of Brunswick and York, any claim she may have on

Brunswick, Hanover, and Osnaburgh. In consideration of this she is to be allowed to possess herself of Egypt, Asia Minor, Rhodes, Crete, and the Morea-to be guaranteed Sicily and Malta, in perpetuum-it being understood that should this plan sticceed and the French be driven from Italy, and the contracting parties should deem it consistent with the general safety, to restore the branch of the House of Bourbon, that has hitherto held the two Sicilies, such sovereign is to receive an equivalent on the main land for Sicily to retain any other islands that have fallen, or may fall, into her hands in the Mediterranean.

Poland to be restored to her rank, and receive for her Sovereign the Duke of Brunswick.

A general declaration that no attempt is to be made at present to contract the French boundary within the Rhine. A general pledge by each party for the removal of civil, political, or religious oppression, in any of the countries which may fall into their possession. Commercial treaties to be formed, insuring to the flags of the contracting parties, together with others who have contracted with any of them treaties of alliance, offensive and defensive, the most decided advantages. If these treaties should place impediments in the way of the American flag, it might lead to a disposition on the part of the commercial portion of the United States, highly favourable to this country, particularly if properly seconded by his Majesty's government.

The advantages of this plan appear to be great, and particularly to Great-Britain. It insures to her a territory that will furnish her with tropical products, and prepare her for a loss which sooner or later she must sustain in the West-Indies*. Her Indian empire is in the possession of Egypt rendered more secure-her possession of the line of insular positions in the Mediterranean will ever serve as a check against the ambition of Russia. The establishment of the Duke of Brunswick, with, perhaps, eventually an increase of territory, to be obtained either by conquest or marriage, from Saxony, offers to her more than an equivalent for Hanover. By her commerce with the Mediterranean, not only her military positions there, but her other European dominions would obtain corn at a cheap rate, as well as timber from Dalmatia, and hemp from the shores of the Euxine.

But at this moment the impression such a measure would make on France, is the most important point of the subject. By a cooperation with the Servians, we may threaten Dalmatia, a circum

* See Talleyrand on colonies: the reasoning in it is admirable.