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Anne's Hill, he well calls the world) his philosophy made him almost wholly indifferent. The pursuivants of glory on "Fame's mad voyage" must abide all the chances of the tempest.

With a temper divested of every thing abrupt and inflammable, his quiescent nature peculiarly qualified General Fitzpatrick to survey with clearness, and to judge without passion. He did so, and was so esteemed by those who best knew him. For his powers of judgment Mr. Fox had the highest value. "Wait till we hear Dick's opinion," was an accustomed saying of that statesman. The foremost intellectual enjoyment of Mr. Fox, assuredly, was criticism. It is no wonder, therefore, that the well-stored, highlyembellished mind of this officer, should draw still closer to the intimacy and affection of the susceptible heart of Mr. Fox, a companionship which began with the beginning of life, which was cemented by family intermarriage, and by thousands of ties and sympathies. Accordingly, no man shared more than himself of the confidence and communion of that great political character.

General Fitzpatrick, though a reader only for amusement, his liberal knowledge extended to every thing; but he pretended to nothing. There was not an atom of foppery in his whole character. Natural, easy, unaffected, supremely well-bred, he, like his distinguished friend, neither sought nor shunned any particular subject. Whatever the discussion, he took his share of it; but without intrusion or usurpation. Though a charming member of a social circle, he never strove to shine in conversation; whatever fell from him came without effort; he laboured at nothing, except where labour was wholly invisible-in his poetry. His poetry runs so smoothly, that it serves for an example to prove the rule, that the perfection of artifice is to hide itself.

"For ease in writing flows from art, not chance;
"As those move easiest who have learnt to dance."

In classic attainment General Fitzpatrick could not be compared to the mighty master of St. Anne's Hill; but the sound understanding of the General always kept him within his depths. Pro. fessing every respect for Mr. Canning's universal intellect, this allegation must be insisted on, that, in political satire, the equal of General Fitzpatrick does not live after him in this island. Hundreds have feasted on his poetry, in total ignorance of the identity of their gratifier; for, as he was a politician without ambition, so he was a poet without vanity. He was, perhaps, the only writer in some close corner of whose soul it was next to impossible to ob.

serve a trace of the common weakness of authorship: but it will be lamentable if General Fitzpatrick's poetry is not rescued from the incertitude and oblivion which are the ordinary fate of hasty compositions in temporary channels.

General Fitzpatrick, though celebrated for his wit, was not inattentive to business; for, besides being a constant attendant in his place in parliament, he recently distinguished himself by his efforts to procure a reform in that part of the military law, or rather in the exercise of that part of the prerogative of the crown, which relates to the dismissal of officers from the army by Courts-Martial. The reform proposed by the General was to render the JudgeAdvocate responsible in parliament for such dismissals; and although he did not succeed in the whole extent of his proposition, owing to objections touching the prerogative, and jealousies as to the diminution of the powers of the office of Judge Advocate, it is nevertheless admitted that a considerable improvement was practically effected in consequence of this interference.-He had also a considerable share in bringing about the recent amelioration of the Recruiting System, which cannot fail in being highly beneficial to the British service.

On the 20th of November 1782, the subject of this memoir rose to the rank of Colonel; the 12th of October 1793 to that of MajorGeneral; the 1st of January 1796 to that of Lieutenant-General; the 25th of September 1803 to that of General; and in 1806 he was appointed Colonel of the 47th Regiment of Foot.

The unsparing hand of death has sadly thinned the knot of eminent persons who surrounded Mr. Fox, and who, perhaps, were more bound together by affection than even by their unanimity in political opinions.

General Fitzpatrick represented the borough of Tavistock in parliament, from 1780 to 1806 inclusive. He sat in the last parliament for the county of Bedford, and in the present for Tavistock. He died in South-Street the 25th of April 1813, at the age of 65.-We live as if we were never to die; but, if experience were of any effect upon mankind, the life and the death of this accomplished gentleman may serve to inculcate these pregnant lessons.— In his example this lesson may be learnt, that far from relying even upon the richest natural endowments, the improvement of his mind ceased only with his existence; and the gay, the favoured, the voluptuous may have seen, in his shrunk state for some time past, that neither pleasure, nor fortune, nor wit, nor fame, can ward off disease, or ayert death.

CAPTAIN FREMANTLE, Coldstream Guards.

THIS officer, the bearer of the dispatches from Lord Wellington, containing the glorious account of the battle of Victoria, is the son of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Fremantle, who fell a victim to hard service, and yellow fever, in the command of the 39th Regiment in the West Indies.

Captain Fremantle was one of the earliest scholars in the junior department of the Military College at Marlow. In 1805, he went to study at Lunenburg, from whence he proceeded to the British army at Bremen, under the command of Lord Carthcart, being appointed to an Ensigncy in the Coldstream Guards, where he rendered himself useful by the proficiency he had in a short time acquired in the German language. Soon after his return to England he went with Mr. Whitelock to Buenos Ayres as extra Aide-de-Camp, where he volunteered to serve with the rifle corps, and was taken prisoner whilst under the command of the late Maj.-Gen. R. Crawfurd. He next went to Lisbon as Private Secretary to Sir John Craddock, whom he left in the year 1809, to join his battalion on more active service, and has been in most of the actions in the Peninsula, since the battle of Talavera, in the situation of Adjutant; this he lately resigned on being appointed A. D. C., and Private Secretary to Lord Wellington.

Few officers at the age of twenty-three have seen more service or given more hopes of being a credit to a profession in which he is highly esteemed.

ALEXANDER I. AND FRANCIS II.

BY GENERAL SARAZIN.

ALEXANDER I. Emperor of all the Russias, was born on the 23d of December, 1777. Brought up under the eye of the great Catharine, he made rapid progress in the sciences, and in those virtues which characterize good princes. He was crowned at Moscow in 1801, and signalized his accession to the throne, by distributing benefits to his people. Deceived by his ministers, he miscarried in the attempts he made, in concert with Austria, in 1806, to curb the ambition of France. He was again a dupe to his zeal for the re-establishment of the balance of Europe, in the war of 1806 and 1807. In 1809, people were struck with astonishment in seeing him ally himself with Buonaparte, to assist him in fighting against the House of Lorraine.

Francis II. Emperor of Austria, was born on the 12th of February, 1768. Joseph the Second took upon himself to superintend his education, and he

had him instructed by men of merit. He accompanied the Emperor in 1788, in the war against the Turks; in 1789, he took the chief command, having under his orders General Laudon. At the death of his father Leopold, he ascended the throne, on the 3d of March, 1792. He fought against France with more ardour than knowledge; the treaties of Campo Formio, of Luneville, of Presburg, and of Vienna, were the result of several sanguinary conflicts, the loss of which, though bravely contended, obliged Austria to yield to France. In 1810, he married his eldest daughter, the Archduchess Maria Louisa, to Buonaparte. Since this alliance Francis has been employed in endeavouring to erase from the minds of his subjects the remembrance of those misfortunes, with which they were overwhelmed during that terrible war, which lasted nearly eighteen years.

Alexander and Francis are naturally pacific princes, destined to promote the happiness of the people that Providence has confided to their care; and it was only with regret that they were induced to depart from their favourite system. The struggle which Alexander still maintains with the Grand Seignior, should only be attributed to the ambitious policy of the conqueror of Friedland. The conferences of Austerlitz, of Tilsit, and of Erfurth, are the source of all the inisfortunes which overwhelm Europe. Metternich and Romanzow thought they served their masters, in inducing them to view the continuation of the war as a volcano, which was likely to swallow up kings, their thrones, and their subjects. What a vulgar error! -For four years Spain has rendered useless all the efforts of France. Russia and Austria are sufficient to force Buonaparte to keep within the boundaries established by the treaty of Amiens. If Alexander and Francis concluded peace only from the conviction that they had not men in their service capable of fulfilling their views, one cannot but applaud so wise a resolution. The rousing of the lion must be dreadful, if, as all circumstances lead us to presume, Buonaparte should turn his arms towards the north. Let Francis and Alexander only keep up their armies on a respectable footing, without suffering themselves to be intimidated by menaces which it is impossible now to realize, and, from henceforward, their guarantee will soon enable the nations to enjoy their first advantages of liberty, peace, and

commerce.

It has been hinted that Alexander and Francis had neglected to avenge the death of their august parents. Every crime ought to be punished, according to the rigour of the law, and more particularly that kind of parricide which attempts the life of the father of his country. When facts, however, may not be substantiated, we cannot but praise those princes whose clemency baffled the odious plots, brewed by hatred and perfidy, to revenge themselves of the humiliation which merit and virtue cause them to experience. Heaven grant that the illustrious heirs of Maria Theresa and Peter the Great may adopt the necessary measures to prevent the will of Buonaparte from continuing to be as absolute on the continent as the Alcoran of Mahomet is in the Turkish empire!

RUSSIAN CAMPAIGNS.

[Continued from page 521.]

PROPOSALS for an armistice and a congress for a general peace were about this period made by Buonaparte through the medium of Austria, in which the great, the constant, the unremitting enmity and hostility of Napoleon to this country is prominent in his recurrence to the obsolete treaty of Utrecht *.-That is, what France and all Europe have not been able to wrest from GreatBritain by force, he proposes to extort from us by the chichane of negociation. The scheme was a deep one:-it was intended to produce, in its effects, a substitute for what he termed the Continental System.

By the Treaty of Utrecht, concluded in 1713, Great-Britain was under the humiliating necessity of admitting free bottoms to make free goods. At this period France, Spain, Holland, Denmark, and Sweden, had powerful navies, more numerous and better appointed, though never better officered, than that of Great-Britain. In every subsequent war England added to her maritime superiority; and by every treaty since the Treaty of Utrecht to the Peace of Amiens,

* "The Emperor Napoleon has proposed the meeting of a Congress at Prague for a general peace. On the side of France there would arrive at this Congress the plenipotentiaries of France, those of the United States of America, of Denmark, the King of Spain, and all the allied princes; and on the opposite side, those of England, Russia, Prussia, the Spanish insurgents, and the other Allies of that belligerent mass. In this Congress would be established the basis of a long peace. But it is doubtful whether England is inclined to submit her egotistic and unjust principles to the censorship and opinion of the universe; for there is no power, however inconsiderable, that does not preliminarily claim the privileges attached to its sovereignty, and which are consecrated by the articles of the Treaty of Utrecht, respecting maritime navigation.

"If England, from that feeling of egotism upon which her policy is founded, refuses to co-operate in this grand work of the peace of the world, because she wishes to exclude the universe from that element which constitutes three-fourths of the globe, the emperor, nevertheless, proposes a meeting at Prague, of the plenipotentiaries of all the belligerent powers, to settle the peace of the Continent. His majesty offers, even to stipulate at the moment when the Congress shall be formed, an armistice between the different armies, in order to put a stop to the effusion of human blood.

"These principles are conformable to the views of Austria. It now remains to be seen what the Courts of England, Russia, and Prussia will do.

"The distance of the United States of America ought not to form a reason for excluding them. The Congress might still be opened, and the deputies of the United States would have time to arrive before the conclusion of the discussions, In order to stipulate for their rights and interests." Moniteur.

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