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been most useful, I hear, to the great Lord; he has men every where and in every shape; so that he very much contracted the means of information the French had. As for King Joe, he confessed that such was the cool, deliberate, and determined conduct of the British at the battle, that no troops, in his opinion, could stand against them. I am quite of his opinion, though I think his troops gave way too soon. We all now begin to wish to see the Marquis's account of our deeds; but as our friends will see it, we have that to console us. I think Buonaparte will make peace, that is, if the Allies are yet stout; our works should stimulate them to similar efforts, and I hope decide the wavering Austrians. I do not think King Joe has even a Spanish pair of breeches under his control, certainly not as much dominion as would dry them. We get abundance of famous wild cherries and strawberries on these lofty mountains. To give you some idea of the roads we pass, yesterday all the ground we were encamped upon was actually knee deep. The General encamped us on fresh; in coming to where we are, three animals loaded, slipped, and down they rolled, bounding as you would see a stone, for more than two or three hundred yards, and dashed to pieces: nor can this misfortune be well avoided, such is the declivity of the banks. The wet materially increases our difficulties; this rest we got here renovates our animals, and if we get dry weather, will be of general advantage. My little colony is at present established on a knoll, surrounded by trees, on tolerable even ground, somewhat away from the camp. The noises and dangers of a camp are really astonishing, particularly the horses fighting, when they tread down all in their way, and fight as fierce as lions; one of these tumbling over you at night is really horrible; so that unless fatigue seals your senses, you have little chance of rest; and as our neighbourhood is composed of Allies, the tents are frequently robbed; the fellows will steal a portmanteau from under your head. There will be work enough for the police should a peace disband us, which I confess I think very likely to happen before Christmas next. That same question of peace, like other topics, is agitated with us. I generally observe self-interest always guides the opinion; but amongst the soldiery, I believe the general wish is war: and when we consider the two situations, it is no wonder-they now enjoy the variety, so pleasing to all; they have meat, drink, little trouble, many advantages, some allowed and many taken, so that war here is grateful to them.

Camp, Pyrenees, July 14.—Lord Wellington's object has been accomplished, and Spain is nearly clear of the Vandals. This is the moment for the Spaniards to exert themselves, and if we have not 150,000 of them with us, or acting some where, they will prove themselves lost to all sense of patriotism and honour, but by all accounts they are joining in great bodies. Mina is in himself a host in talents, celerity, and courage.

I hear we have 30 sail of the line and 100 transports off Bayonne. There does not appear to be any thing in our front we need fear. On all the neighbouring bills are encamped British and Spanish troops.

Gascony, July 17, 1813.—We have taken a strong position opposite the French, who occupy a chain of mountains north of Bera. There is a valley between us, but we can talk to each other. Soult commands, and has 60,000 men: we shall have about 70,000. It must come to the musket; but I imagine we shall flank them into the plain.-Another action will decide.-We are partly in France and partly in Spain. For these three last days and nights we have not seen our baggage, but have been under the most violent rain I ever experienced.

Camp Eschela, 4th August, 1813.-SOULT, with the confidence of his master,

by a desperate attack of numbers, equal ten to one, attacked and carried the pass of Maya, and then hurried down in the vain idea of reaching Pamplona, conceiving that we could not march so rapidly as his starved host; but he found Sir Thomas Picton there. Soult made his attack; but was beaten then our great Field-Marshal retaliated, and with a vengeance only to be effected by British intrepidity.With half his numbers we beat him on every point, and followed up our success every day, attacking his numbers most strongly posted, and beating them with a handful of men: in short, it has been a continued scene of marching and fighting since the 25th of July.-Soult has lost at least 20,000 men: our loss is considerable, because we have attacked in general, yet, I imagine, under 3000, including some valuable officers.-Conceive our attacking 2000 men, posted on a hill at least one mile high, and an ascent so perpendicular the men used their hands to climb up: but nothing could resist the British and Portuguese perseverance and courage.We are again at our original position, and it is not unlikely may walk into France, as far as Bayonne.-Once more the enemy lost his baggage and money, and I hope Pamplona and its treasure will fall into our hands shortly. We have been on the alert since the 25th of July—indeed have done nothing else but fight and march over the mountains.-The prisoners and deserters all agree in stating Soult to have taken much pains to assure his army he retreated by order of his Emperor, &c. but he also called them cowardly poltroons—“ A British brigade will beat 20,000 of you-I saw it."—And so he did; for the 1st brigade of the 7th division actually drove four columns over the steepest mountains; and the 2d brigade executed a similar business shortly after-1400 men attacked 10,000, posted on a bill, scrambled up to them, drove them up the mountain, and killed numbers: they were starved, and had but three days' meat to march to Pamplona, since that they have literally only had Indian corn and wheat. However, at this place they seem to have got amongst the mountain sheep, for there has been a terrible slaughter; in their retreat they have what the Portuguese call rompéd the villages; but have not burned any thing.-Soult pretends to say he shall return in twenty days with a fresh army: they must have fresh courage, or it will not do: they have men enough; but mere bread and water fellows: fortunately for us the weather is fine, except when we ascend the mountains; there, indeed, we are frequently in the clouds, and get a good soaking for our presumption. The natives are flocking down to their habitations which they had left. The battle of the 28th of July, where Soult attacked two of our brigades at the pass of Maya, he had 45,000 men; we had about 4000 by numbers he beat us on one side, but failed on the other: our brigades disputed the ground desperately, and night only put an end to the conflict. On the 29th be attacked Sir Thomas Picton three times; but in vain: he was beat back. On the 30th he attacked him, and tremendous was the conflict: he was posted on an astonishing mountain: the 1st brigade of the 7th division ascended a steep mountain, and drove 2000 of the enemy over the rocks: this decided the day: they began their retreat; but were cut up on all sides: you saw columns of them dragging their wearied limbs after them along the sides of the hills, dropping down with fatigue, and made prisoners. The next day we observed them ascending a large steep mountain: again the 1st brigade of the 7th division, under MajorGeneral Inglis, attacked them, and drove them over the top. The 2d of August, the 2d brigade, under Major-General Barnes, fell in with them, and made a desperate attack, driving them, as usual, over the mountains, supported by the 4th division; and to-day they are returned to their own original post, on the loftiest mountains in the French boundary.-Soult talks of visiting us again; but I am seeptical on that subject: I think we shall rather visit him on the Maya, at Bayonne; however I shall let you know: prisoners and deserters flock in hourly; but e has yet men enough if they had the necessary spirit for the encounter.

Extracts from Army Regulations, General Orders, and Courts-Martial.

(Continued from page 556.)

COURT-MARTIAL.

Horse-Guards, June 18, 1813.-AT a General Court-Martial held at Basseterre in Guadaloupe, on the 5th January, 1813, and continued by adjournments to the 9th of the same month, Major Andrew Valentine Browne, of the 8th West India Regiment, was arraigned upon the undermentioned Charges, viz.

1st. "For behaving at a General Court-Martial, whereof Lieutenant-Colonel James Alexander Farquharson, Major of the 1st Batt. of the 25th Regiment of Foot, was President, assembled at Basseterre, Guadaloupe, on the 17th August, and continued by various adjournments, until the 21st September following, for the trial of Captain William M'Entagart, of the 8th West India Regiment, and on which trial Major Browne was the prosecutor, throughout the greater part of the proceedings on the said trial with the highest disrespect to the said Court, both collectively and individually, for several times menacing the said Court whilst in the execution of their duty, with the vengeance of a superior tribunal, accompanying his expressions by the most defying attitudes, and for endeavouring to intimidate Quarter-Master Maxwell, of the 8th West India Regiment, whilst giving his evidence before the said Court, by threatening that Officer with a Prosecution before a Court-Martial in consequence of the evidence he was then giving, such conduct being not only highly dangerous to His Majesty's service from the example thereby set, but tending to the prevention of justice, and being also subversive of all order and military discipline."

2d. "For endeavouring to prevent the execution of, and for obstructing and disobeying an order of the 30th day of October, 1812, issued by the Commander of the Forces, by which order it was directed that all the chains used in the 8th West India Regiment (for the purpose of compelling men of incorrigible characters in that Regiment to work with a chain placed round one of their legs) at the period of Captain M'Entagart's taking the command, and existing when Major Browne assumed the command, should be submitted to Major-General Ramsay for his inspection, with a description of the manner in which they were used, and if they were all alike, that one of them might be forwarded to head-quarters, addressed to the Deputy-Adjutant-General, but if they differed in size or construction, the whole of them might be sent. Major Browne, pretending and declaring when sent to by Major-General Ramsay, on or about the 7th day of November, 1812, agreeably to, and in execution of the said order, to the Officers whom Major-General Ramsay so sent, requiring him to deliver up the chains which he, Major Browne, had in his possession, that he had them not in his possession, and actually refusing to deliver up those chains to Major-General Ramsay, or to the Officers so sent by him, under the pretence that they were not in his possession, until he, Major Browne, was threatened by one of those Officers, namely, Captain Mathewson, Assistant QuarterMaster-General, that his apartments or quarters should be searched for them, when they were at length reluctantly given up by him, such conduct being highly unofficerlike, and destructive of all Military Subordination."

3d. "For that he, Major Browne, at a Court of Enquiry, whereof Lieut.-Colonel Mahon, of the Royal York Rangers, was President, assembled at Guadaloupe on the 7th day of October, 1812, did, during the examinations, request to lay before the Court, an accurate statement of Russia Duck, purchased for the use of the 8th

West India Regiment, and which he particularly requested might accompany the proceedings, and did afterwards withhold such statement from the Court, and for that, he, Major Browne, did present to the Court of Enquiry an extract from Regimental Orders, respecting Taylors' Prices, signed by himself, as a true extract, and did immediately afterwards request to be allowed to examine it, which he was permitted to do by the President, on which he, Major Browne, put the same, with other papers, in his pocket, and observed to the Court that it was not a true extract, and when the President of the Court demanded the said extract from him, which was in about five minutes afterwards (the Court having been cleared during that time) he, Major Browne, refused to deliver up the same, and stated that be had lost it, such conduct being extremely disrespectful to the Court then sitting, grossly prevaricating and unofficerlike, and contrary to all Military Subordination."

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Upon which Charges the Court came to the following decision :—

The Court having duly and deliberately weighed and considered the evidence in support of the prosecution, together with what the prisoner, Major Andrew Valentine Browne, of the 8th West India Regiment, has offered in his defence, is of opinion as follows:

That with respect to the First Charge, the Court is of opinion that the prisoner, Major Andrew Valentine Browne, of the 8th West India Regiment, is Guilty.

That with respect to the Second Charge, the Court is also of opinion, that the prisoner, Major Andrew Valentine Browne, of the 8th West India Regiment, is Guilty.

And that with respect to the Third Charge, the Court is likewise of opinion, that the prisoner, Major Andrew Valentine Browne, of the 8th West India Regiment, is Guilty.

The Court having thus found the prisoner, Major Andrew Valentine Browne, of the 8th West India Regiment, Guilty of all and every part of the Charges preferred against him, and the same being in breach of the Articles of War, does therefore, by virtue thereof, sentence the prisoner, Major Andrew Valentine Browne, of the 8th West India Regiment, to be dismissed His Majesty's Service.

Having thus fulfilled the painful duty imposed on it, the Court, prompted by the feelings of humanity on considering the mutilated state of the prisoner from various wounds he has received in the service of his king and country, whereby he is henceforward deprived of the means of subsistence arising from his personal exertions, most humbly hope that those honourable testimonials of his former good conduct which drew forth His Majesty's most gracious bounty in a pension to the prisoner, may still be remembered.

His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, has been pleased to approve and confirm the Finding and Sentence of the Court-but, under all the circumstances of the case, His Royal Highness has been graciously pleased to command that the Sentence of the Court shall not extend to the deprivation of the Pension granted the Prisoner in consequence of the loss of his leg.

The Commander-in-Chief directs that the Charges preferred against Major Andrew Valentine Browne, together with the finding and sentence of the Court, and the Prince Regent's pleasure thereon, shall be read at the head of every Corps and entered in the General Order Book. HARRY CALVERT, Adj.-Gen.

GAZETTES,

Military Dispatches,-Promotions, &c. in the Army.

(Regularly continued from page 588.)

AFTER a very strong tirailade in this quarter, and a distant cannonading on our right, which commenced the action, the enemy began to develope his forces, and to move his different columns of attack to their stations.

The contest in the mountains became gradually warmer, and he supported it by a very powerful line of artillery. The Prince of Wirtemberg's and General St. Priest's divisions, of General Miloradovitch's corps, were here sharply engaged, and a charge of cavalry succeeded against some guns of the enemy, one of which was taken.

Buonaparte was now visible on a commanding spot, directing the battle. He deployed in front of the town of Bautzen his guards, cavalry, and lancers, and shewed heavy columns of infantry on the esplanade before it, bringing up besides a number of brigades of artillery, with which he occupied some advantageous heights, between our position and Bautzen, that were favourable to support his attacks.

These demonstrations denoted an effort in this direction, and a disposition was accordingly made with General Blucher's corps and our commanding cavalry to meet it: but an increasing fire, and a more lively cannonade on our right, made it ultimately no longer doubtful where his chief attempt was aimed. Columns of attack, under cover of a heavy fire, were now in motion from the enemy's left, while others were filing to gain our right; and General Barclay de Tolly was attacked by a very superior force under Marshal Ney, and General Lauriston; and notwithstanding the most gallant efforts, was forced to abandon the villages of Klutz and Cannervitz. General Barclay de Tolly had orders, if outnumbered, to change the ground he occupied in front of Cannervitz and Prieslitz, and to place himself on the heights surrounding the villages of Rachel and Baruth, by which the army would change its position on the left, and cover the main roads through Wurtzen and Hochkirch to the rear: but the enemy outflanked him on the right, while they warmly engaged him in front, and occupied these heights before him, which determined him to throw himself on the right of Wurschen, where the Imperial head-quarters had been, and which equally answered the object. When it was perceived that General Barclay de Tolly was pressed by immense odds, Gen. Blucher was ordered to move to his right, and attack the enemy in flank.

Gen. Blucher was afterwards supported by Generals Kleist and D'Yorck, and here a most sanguinary contest ensued.

These attacks succeeded in checking the enemy. That of General Blucher's corps exceeds all praise; and the Prussians in this eventful day, as at the battle of Lutzen, again evinced what their troops are capable of accomplishing when headed by a King they love, and fighting for their country, their liberty, and independence.

A charge of 4000 of their cavalry on columns of the enemy's infantry, which had carried the village of Kracknitz, completely repulsed him, and the Prussians again occupied it, displaying the greatest order and steadiness under the most galling fire. Still these gallant efforts were arrested by the enemy's bringing up fresh troops, and though partial successes were obtained, the general issue was in suspense.

A momentary advantage being gained by the enemy in consequence of General Barclay de Tolly's movements, he lost no time in making every exertion to push it to the utmost, renewing, at the same time, his attack on our left flank, and assaulting the batteries that covered the conical heights, as also those of Kreckwitz on the right. He made himself master of the latter, and of one of our batteries, which gave him, in some degree, the key of the position, as it commanded the low ground on the right and centre of it. Still in every other part of the line the Allies firmly sustained the conflict; but it soon became apparent that the enemy had not only superior forces to fight us at all points, but he had also the means of prolonging his flank march on our right, thus threatening our communications and menacing our rear.

Although it might have been easy, by a general assault of the grenadiers and
VOL. II.
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