The C. H. & I. is the best route frim Indianapolis to Cincinnati. The track is in good order, the cars are first-class, and the country passed through the "finest out doors."

Readers of the Journal in noticing the advertisement of DePauw University Normal School will please add the fact that students may enter at the beginning of each term. The next term begins Jan. 6, 1886. A beginning class will be formed at that time.

I2-2t DON'T GO TO SCHOOL-until you have seen the special rates to county gradnates, young teachers and others preparing to teach, made by the Fort Wayne (Normal Classical and Business) College. W. F. YOCUM,

11-3t

Fort Wayne, Ind.

THE WESTERN SUMMER SCHOOL OF PRIMARY METHODS.-Will hold its sessions at Grand Rapids, Mich. Six departments with superior teachers. Model Kindergarten and Primary School for observation. Send for circulars to W. N. Hailmann, La Porte, Ind.

THE NEW DECATUR ROUTE.--Solid trains between Indianapolis and Peoria, including Pullman Palace Sleeping and Reclining Chair Cars at reduced rates. This is the quickest line and is always on time. The shortest possible route to Kansas City, with only one change of cars. For lowest fares and full information apply to Newby & Jordan, agents, I. D. & S. R'y, 136 South Illinois street, Indianapolis.

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HOLIDAY RATES ON THE BEE LINE.-The management of the Bee-Line, desiring to add to the general mirth and pleasure of the Holidays, takes pleasure in announcing to the public that reduced-rate tickets will be sold between all stations on the respective divisions of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Ry.; Indianapolis & St. Louis Ry., and Dayton & Union R. R. at two cents per mile for distance traveled,—no excursion rates, however, for less than 40 cents will be made. Tickets will be sold Dec. 24, 25 and 31st, and Jan. 1st, 1886, and good to return till Jan. 2d, 1886, inclusive. Children between the ages of five and twelve years will be sold tickets at one-half the above named rates.

HOLIDAY EXCURSIONS, 1885-6-Christmas-New YEAR-PAN-HANDLE ROUTE.-The Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh Railroad; The Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianapolis R. R., and the Indianapolis & Vincennes R. R. announce the sale of Cheap Excursion Tickets, from and to all stations on their respective lines, on Dec. 24th, 25th and 31st, 1885, and Jan. 1st, 1886, with limit of return passage until Jan. 2d, 1886.

This liberal concession in rates will be greatly appreciated by the patrons of these lines, as affording them an excellent opportunity to visit relatives and friends at a very small cost for transportation.

For time of trains and rates of fare apply to any agent of the lines named above,

A PRIZE Send six cents for postage, and receive free, a costly box of goods which will help all, of either

Bex, to more money right away than a ything else in this world. Fortunes await the worker sare. Terms mailed free. Taux & Co., Augusta, Maine. 11-17

RICHMOND, IND.

WINTER TERM BEGINS JANUARY 6, 1886.

FALL TERM BEGINS APRIL 7, 1886.

FOUR FULL COLLEGIATE COURSES

OF STUDY.

Women admitted to all courses of study.

Superior advantages in English, French, German and the Natural Sciences. Extensive Cabinet of Geology, Zoology, Botany and Archæology.

Practical work by students in Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy and Surveying. Art Department.

College Library and Morrison's Library of Richmond aggregate 15,000 volumes.

Preparatory school fits students for Earlham and other Colleges.

Location delightful and healthy.

Students now in attendance from seventeen different States and Territories. TERMS REASONABLE.

Organized in 1876, and blessed with continued prosperity.

More than 1,000 different students enrolled annually.

Expenses are at a minimum: Tuition, $8.00 for ten weeks; table board, $1.50 per week; furnished and carpeted rooms, 50c. per week.

$27.00, if paid in advance, will secure tuition, board and room rent for one term of ten weeks.

Note the following special advantages: No saloons or other contaminating influences; free Reading Room and Library; all students room in good private houses; an experienced and successful Faculty; the most complete and cheapest BUSINESS COURSE in the country; particular attention is given to backward pupils; you can enter at any time, have perfect liberty in selecting studies, and advance as rapidly as you are able; the best location in the West; the classes are well graded; the methods of teaching are superior; each recitation is marked by enthusiasm and mastery of the subject; help is given in securing positions; satisfaction is guaranteed.

This is not the oldest normal school in the United States, nor the largest one in the world, but it has advantages not possessed by any other school. No school is more liberal in elective studies, more practical in methods of teaching, more successful in making strong students.

Danville is 20 miles west of Indianapolis, on the I. & St. L. R. R.

Catalogue and full particulars sent free.

Send us 25 names of persons who may desire to attend school, and we will send you the educational quarterly, "The Central Normal News," for one year. Address

I-3t

MRS. 0. .P ADAMS, President,

Or O. A. HARGRAVE, Secretary.

N

upon the Ordinance, and the many and great benefits that have flowed from it, its authorship has for nearly a century been a matter of dispute. It is but quite recently that the mys tery has been solved. No less than four different persons have had claims to authorship set up for them by their friends. This has been a matter of earnest historical investigation by such men as Daniel Webster, Thomas H. Benton, Prof. Charles King, Mr. Peter Force, Ex Governor Coles, of Ill., George T. Curtis, Hon. R. W. Thompson, Dr. Geo. V. N. Lothrop, William Frederick. Poole, and George Bancroft.

Mr. Webster in his famous two day speech in reply to Hayne, gives to Nathan Dane, of Mass., the entire credit of devising the Ordinance, and such was the confidence in Webster's statement, that many writers since have accepted it as a demonstrated fact.

Mr. Benton, in the debate that followed the speech of Mr. Webster, above mentioned, said, "He (Webster) has brought before us a certain Nathan Dane, of Beverly, Mass., and loaded him with such an exuberance of blushing honors as no modern name has been known to merit or claim. So much glory was caused by a single act, and that act the supposed authorship of the Ordinance of 1787, and especially the clause in it which prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude. So much encomium

and such grateful consequences it seems a pity to spoil, but spoilt it must be; for Mr. Dane was no more the author of that Ordinance, sir, than you or I, who about that time were mewling and puking in our nurses' arms. That Ordinance, and especially the non-slavery clause, was not the work of Nathan Dane of Massachusetts, but of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia."

Prof. Charles King, President of Columbia College, N. Y., published a paper on the Northwest Territory in 1855, in which he claimed for his father, Rufus King, the authorship of the nonslavery clause.

Ex-Governor Coles, of Ills., in a paper on the History of the Ordinance of 1787, prepared for the Pennsylvania Historical Society in 1850, disputed Webster's claim for Mr. Dane, and asserted the claim of Thomas Jefferson.

Mr. Peter Force undertook to gather from the archives of Congress, materials for a complete history of this document, but he never found anything that settled the question of authorship: and though he probably knew more of the original documents pertaining to the Northwest Territory than any other man since its adoption, yet he died in ignorance of the real author.

Hon. R. W. Thompson, in the eloquent address on Education, referred to in the first paper, ascribed the Ordinance to the wise statesmanship and the unselfish and far-reaching patriotism of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.

Dr. G. V. N. Lothrop, in his Ann Arbor address in 1878, on Education as a Public Duty, said: "It was a graduate of Harvard, who, in 1787, when framing the Great Charter for the Northwest, had consecrated it irrevocably to Human Freedom, to Religion, Learning, and Free Thought. It was the proud boast of Themistocles, that he knew how to make of a small city a great state. Greater than his was the wisdom and prescience of Nathan Dane, who knew how to take pledges of the future, and to snatch from the wilderness an inviolable Republic of Free Labor and Free Thought."

In 1876, that year in which so many buried historical facts were unearthed, William Frederick Poole, in an admirable article published in the North American Review, presented the history of

the Ordinance in the most scholarly manner it has been my good fortune to see. But discarding the absoluteness of the claims heretofore set forth, he presents as the chief actor in this mysterious drama, Dr. Manasseh Cutler, of Massachusetts.

Following, in a general way, the line of argument laid down by Mr. Poole, we shall attempt to show to what extent the foregoing claims are founded on facts.

In January, 1781, Thomas Jefferson, then Governor of Virginia, acting under instructions from his state, deeded to the General Government that magnificent tract of country known as the Northwest Territory, which had been acquired by Virginia as a result of the expedition of George Rogers Clark in 1778. On the 1st of March, 1784, being now a member of Congress, Jefferson, as chairman of a committee appointed for the purpose, presented an Ordinance for the government of all the territory lying westward of the Thirteen Original States. There were two notable features in this paper; first, it provided for the exclusion of slavery and involuntary servitude after the year 1800; second, it provided for Articles of Compact, the non-slavery clause being one of them. By this provision there were five Articles that could never be set aside without the consent of both Congress and the people of the Territory. The non-slavery Article was rejected by Congress, and the rest was adopted with some unimportant modifications, on the 23d of April, 1784. On the 10th of May, seventeen days later, Jefferson resigned his seat in Congress to assume the duties of United States Minister to France. As the real Ordinance of 1787 was not adopted until July 13, 1787, it will be seen that Jefferson left the country more than three years before it passed, and since he did not return until December, 1789, he was absent until more than two years had elapsed after its passage.

I have carefully compared the Ordinance of 1784 with that of 1787, and find no similarity except in the two points above referred to; viz., the idea of an anti-slavery provision, and that of articles of compact. It contains none of those broad provisions found in the other concerning Religion, Freedom, the fostering of Education, the Equal Distribution of Estates of Intestates,