Literature and Western Civilization, 第 1～6 巻

12th century allegory alliterative amour courtois Anglo-Saxon Beowulf Bible Boethius Byzantine Cassiodorus Celtic chansons de geste Chaucer Chrétien de Troyes Christ Christian chronicles Church classical Commedia contemporary court courtly culture Dante Dante's dialect divine drama druzhina early England epic example expression France French Gawain genre German God's Greek heroic human ibid important influence intellectual Italy Joachim king knowledge Langland language later linguistic literary literature London lyric manuscript Marcabrun meaning mediaeval Middle Ages Middle English monastery monastic monks mystical narrative nature Old English Old High German original Oxford pagan Paris period philosophy poem poet poetic poetry prose Provençal religious rhetoric rhyme romance Russian saga secular sense Slavonic society song soul spiritual St Augustine story style survived Tale texts theme theological thought tradition translation treatise Troilus and Criseyde troubadour truth vernacular verse Vulgar Latin whole words writing written þat