3. Oh! Sacred Truth!.

And Hope, thy sister,.

When leagued Oppression.

...

thy triumph ceased awhile, ceased with thee to smile,

• poured to northern wars...

Her whiskered pandoors... and her fierce hussars,

5 Waved her dread standard . . . . to the breeze of morn,

Pealed her loud drum, . . . . and twanged her trumpet horn;

....

Tumultuous horror. . . . brooded o'er her van,

Presaging wrath to Poland . . . . and to man!

....

Warsaw's last champion, . . . . from her height surveyed, 10 Wide o'er the fields.... a waste of ruin laid.

Rise, fellow-men!.... our country yet remains! 15 By that dread name, we wave the sword on high, And swear for her to live!.... with her to die!

....

4. Lo, the poor Indian! . . . . whose untutored mind...
Sees God in clouds, .... or hears him in the wind;
His soul, . . . . proud Science never taught to stray...
Far as the solar walk, . . . . or milky way;

5 Yet simple Nature . . . .

....

to his hope has given,
Behind the cloud-topped hill, . . . . an humbler heaven;
Some safer world. . . . in depth of woods embraced,
Some happier island in the watery waste,

...

Where slaves once more. . . . their native land behold, 10 No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold.

To Be,

....

contents his natural desire,

He asks no Angel's wing, . . . . no Seraph's fire;

But thinks, ... . admitted to that equal sky,

His faithful dog...

shall bear him company.

SECTION IV.

OF THE GROUPING OF SPEECH.

THE idea involved in the Grouping of Speech, requires for its full development a careful analysis of written language. Such an analysis shows, that words sustaining a close grammatical relation to each other are often separated by intervening words and clauses. To the eye of the reader the connection may be apparent, and the meaning is generally obvious; but not so with the hearer. There must be expedients adopted by the reader or speaker, to present such sentences to the ear of the hearer as they naturally present themselves to the eye of him who reads, or the sense may often remain obscure; and particularly in poetry, where the greatest involutions. and transpositions of style occur. Among these expedients may be enumerated :

1. The application of Emphatic force to words having a close grammatical connection, but separated by other matter. The following will serve as an example :

GO PREACH TO THE COWARD, thou death-telling seer!
OR, if gory Culloden so dreadful appear,
DRAW, dotard, around thy old wavering sight!
THIS MANTLE, to cover the phantoms of fright.

2. The same object is secured by an abatement of the force, and a quickening of the time in reading the matter which intervenes between the related words or parts of a sentence. These circumstances of Force and Time, though perfectly distinct, in such cases coincide, and constitute what may be called the Flight of the Voice. We shall present it to the eye thus:

Thus saying, from her side the fatal key,
Sad instrument of all our wo, she took.

Let us (since life can little more supply

Than just to look about us and to die)

Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man.

3. The same principle may extend to the shortening of the pauses which intervene between words closely related to each other. This will be illustrated by a slur over the pause thus shortened :—

Say first, for Heaven hides nothing from thy view,

Nor the deep track of hell.

4. Another expedient is, the employment of the Phrase of the Monotone, (and sometimes of the Rising Ditone,) instead of allowing the voice to fall at the pauses which intervene between the related parts. Example:

On the other side,

Incensed with indignation, Satan stood
Unterrified, and like a comet burned,
That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge,
In the Arctic sky.

Though these are distinct elements, and each capable of an independent illustration, no two are opposed to each other, but any or all of them may be combined to secure one common object. This the following examples will sufficiently illustrate :

1. So spake our sire, and by his countenance seemed Entering on studious thoughts abstruse, which EVE Perceiving, where she sat retired in sight,

With lowliness majestic from her seat,

And grace that won who saw to wish her stay,

ROSE, and went forth among her fruits and flowers,
To visit how THEY prospered, bud and bloom,
HER NURSERY; they at her coming SPRUNG,
And, touched by her fair tendance, Gladlier grew.

2. The SUN was sunk, and after him the STAR Of HESPERUS, whose office is to bring, Twilight upon the earth, short arbiter

Twixt day and night; and now from end to end

NIGHT'S hemisphere had veiled the horizon round:
WHEN SATAN, who late fled before the threats

Of Gabriel out of Eden, now improved

In meditated fraud and malice, bent

On man's destruction, maugre what might hap

Of heavier on himself, FEARLESS RETURNED.

3. As the VINE, which has long twined its graceful foliage about the oak, and been lifted by it into sunshine, will, when the hardy plant is rifted by the thunderbolt, cling round it with its caressing tendrils, and bind up its shattered boughs; so is it beautifully ordained by Providence, that WOMAN, who is the mere dependent and ornament of man in his happier hours, should be his stay and solace when smitten with sudden calamity; winding herself into the rugged recesses of his nature, tenderly supporting the drooping head, and binding up the broken heart.

4. So spake the false dissembler UNPERCEIVED;

For neither MAN nor ANGEL can discern
HYPOCRISY, the only evil that walks

Invisible, except to God alone,

By his permissive will, through heaven and earth.

5. May the LIKE SERENITY in such dreadful circumstances, and a DEATH EQUALLY GLORIOUS, be the lot of all whom TYRANNY, of whatever denomination or description, SHALL, in any age, or in any country, CALL to expiate their virtues on the scaffold.

The exercise suggested in this section may well be continued, for which examples may everywhere be found. It involves an analysis of written language, which has to be made mentally by him who understands what he reads, whether he makes it sensible to the ear of the listener or not. But to the speaker, or to him who is accustomed to read aloud to others, it is not less necessary that he should.

able to make others understand, than that he should imself understand, what he speaks or reads.

But this is not the only advantage to be derived from this kind of exercise. Dr. Barber, when treating of this subject, takes occasion to speak of the intimate connection. between the arts of composition and delivery. He remarks:: "It must be obvious, that such an analysis as is necessary to present a clear picture of thought in delivery, cannot fail to reveal the latent beauties as well as defects of composition. The art of Rhetoric cannot fail to derive assistance from that of Elocution; since a careful consideration of the nice relations of thought in written language is constantly necessary to its practice. Every exertion of it consists in the application of a subtle test, by which composition, as a medium of conveying thought and sentiment, is tried. The arts of Rhetoric and Delivery are therefore intimately related and assist each other; and we may remind those who affect great zeal for the one, and contemn the other, of what Bacon used to say, when he experienced a temporary difficulty from two passages of Scripture, which he could not immediately reconcile :- Ye are brethren, why strive ye?" "

The question was once asked by the Bishop of Cloyne, in relation to Great Britain, "Whether half the learning of the kingdom was not lost for want of having a proper delivery taught in our schools and colleges?" and a similar inquiry cannot but force itself on any thoughtful observer, in regard to our own country. Our systems of education seem to be based on the supposition, that nothing is essentially necessary to language but words. The graphic art,