such methods; even though the priez were to be repeated as often as in the following epitaph, which we recollect to have somewhere seen:

Dr. Whitaker also laments the great and alarming increase of the Methodists, as being, if not detrimental to religion, at least highly dangerous to the church by law established; which he calls a power little able to enforce its own rights; for, continues he, it must not be dissembled that the government of the English church is at present too much under the influence of Erastian principles,--controlled, that is, by the civil power, in matters purely spiritual.'

Of the historian of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, the historian of the parish of Whalley entertains no good opinion, with regard to the purity and sincerity of his mind; and he calls him a disingenuous writer. It is somewhat remarkable that, though he mentions Mr. Gibbon only twice, once to corroborate an assertion of his own, and again where he entirely coincides with him, he should go out of his way to sek these accusations against that celebrated author.

In one place, Dr. W. tells us, that a country of dowagers may fairly be called a country of intemperance; for, in situations of life exempting men from dangerous or from sickly occupations, a sober husband will ordinarily survive a wife.--We should not be surprized if, in order to ascertain this fact, some person of a speculative turn should consult the parish registers concerning the survivals of the aldermen and the bishops; the latter being temperate and abstinent, and the former reputed to be addicted to good cheer.

At the conclusion of the volume, we find the following obscrvation:

Those opulent houses, whose property is not to be traced to a fen dal origin, have been generally raised by the profession of the law. Some indeed have grown to consequence by habits of economy and gradual accumulation. But a new principle is now introduced, which threatens gradually to absorb the whole property of the district within its own vortex: I mean the principle of manufactures, aided by the discoveries lately made in the two dangerous sciences of chemistry and mechanics. The operation of this principle is accompanied with another effect, of which it is impossible to speak but in

the language at once of sorrow and indignation.-Indeed it can only be considered as so much pure, unmixed evil, moral, medical, religi ous, and political. In great manufactories, human corruption, accu mulated in great masses, seems to undergo a kind of fermentation, which sublimes it to be a degree of malignity not to be exceeded out of hell.'

The general style of this work is of that turgid species which is too commonly adopted by writers on topographical antiquities; and, in some parts, it so much resembles that of "The History and Antiquites of the antient Villa of Wheatfield, in the County of Suffolk," first printed in the year 1758*, that we were almost inclined to imagine that we were reading extracts from that celebrated performance. It is scarcely worth while to remark on some minor errors in diction: but the petulance and flippancy with which (especially in his notes) the Doctor treats writers who are engaged in similar pursuits, and who are not inferior to himself in attainments, when they happen to differ in opinion from him, cannot be passed over without observation. Yet we have an objection of a more serious nature to make. As Protestants, as glorying in being the children of the Reformation, can we behold, without emotions of extreme displeasure, any attempt, however feeble, to detract from the merits of the venerable fathers of the reformed church, under the stale pretext that the monarch by whom they were patronized was not actuated by the purest motives; or because, in the effusions of popular zeal, the monuments of superstition were defaced, and the shrines of idolatry overthrown? the remains of antiquity be preserved, as objects of taste: but surely we have no need to lament that the mansions of ignorance and sloth are deserted, or that the bulwarks of error and oppression are destroyed. The talents and virtues of the worthy patron of Whalley we have long been accustomed, as cordially as our author, to acknowlege and to revere; knowing, as we do, that he would be an honour to any profession of faith, and we heartily wish that he were of our's: but no true Protestant can condescend to do homage to popery, however embellished by private worth, nor consent to sacrifice his religion at the shrine of gratitude.

Let

On the whole, we think that this performance by no means contributes to remove the ground of Bishop Warburton's complaint of the decay of our national taste for genuine historical composition, and of the growing prevalence of a vicious appetite in its stead; by which any uninformed, senseless heap of rubbish, under the name of an history of a town, society, college, or province,

See Rev. vol. xix, p. 309.

bet

has long since taken from us the very idea of a genuine composi

tion.

'The book is decorated with several picturesque views and other plates, which do credit to the taste and skill of the artists by whom they were drawn and engraved.

ART. XII. The History, civil and commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies. By Bryan Edwards, Esq. F. R. S. S. A. Vol. III. with Plates. 4to. pp. 500. 11. 5s. Boards. Stockdale. 1801.

N

*OTWITHSTANDING the termination of the war with respect to ourselves, we still look with some anxiety towards the West Indies; and the principal contents of the volume before us, referring to a spot now the theatre of devastation and carmage, cannot fail to excite a considerable degree of interest. The well earned reputation of the justly lamented author, also, will stamp a value on this history, and induce readers to peruse its details with satisfaction and with confidence. It must be with pain, indeed, that we turn our thoughts to this part of the globe, where blood still continues to flow, and where the hos tility of the climate is even more destructive to Europeans than that of the sword:-but, whatever be the state of our particular feelings and sentiments, our unvarying object is truth; and those publications are peculiarly acceptable to us, of which the contents are accommodated to existing circumstances, and enable us to judge with some degree of accuracy respecting the political transactions of the times.

This completion of Mr. Edwards's history of the West Indies* consists, for the most part, of a republication of his Historical Survey of the pestiferous and blood-stained Island of St. Domingo, which we announced in M. R. vol. xxi. p. 77.-186. N. S. The volume was prepared for publication by himself: but, in the words of the editor, ere the last sheet was revised from the press, Bryan Edwards was no more!'-and the office of putting the finishing hand, and editing the whole, devolved on his friend, Sir William Young, who has performed his task with perfect delicacy, integrity, and honour; though not, perhaps, in so full a manner as would have completely gratified the curiosity of the public.

The Editor informs us that, when Mr. Edwards perceived his dissolution approaching, he exerted the last remains of strength in preparing a hasty sketch of his life, to be prefixed

For our account of Vols. 1 and 2, see M. R. Vols. xiv. xv. and xvii. N. S.

to

to this volume; and Sir William offers the following apology for making no addition to that brief memoir:

Those, who knew and were intimate with Mr. BRYAN EDWARDS, will recognize, in this short account of himself, the energy of mind, the industry, and the truth, which characterized his conversations and his life; but all must allow, and some must object, that much therein is omitted, which has usual and proper place in biography, and which the editor might be presumed, or be called upon, to supply. Some account might be required, of his literary essays and legislative acts, so efficient in the cause of humanity towards the negroes, whilst a member of the assembly in Jamaica.-Some account might be demanded, of this good and independent man, whilst a member of the British parliament; and, especially, in the posthumous life of a literary man, some accurate detail of his literary pursuits and writings might be expected; of BRYAN EDWARDS, of his Correspondence, of his Essays, and of his conduct in the judicious compilation and elegant recital of the Travels of Mungoe Park,—and, especially, of the origin and progress of the great work herewith submitted to the publick.-To these, and other points, the recollection of the reader is thus awakened. The Editor presumes no farther. He cannot venture to alter, or add to, the sacred deposit committed to his charge, and now gives it to the publick, as its author left, and willed it, to be given.'

As a testimony of respect to the memory of Mr. Edwards, whose worth we knew and valued, as well as for the gratification of our readers, we shall extract this biographical sketch :

I was born the 21st of May 1743, in the decayed town of Westbury, in the county of Wilts. My father inherited a small paternal estate in the neighbourhood, of about 100l. per annum; which proving but a scanty maintenance for a large family, he undertook, without any knowledge of the business, as I have been informed, to deal in corn and malt, but with very little success. He died in 1756, leaving my excellent mother, and six children, in distressed circumstances. Luckily for my mother, she had two opulent brothers in the West Indies, one of them a wise and worthy man, of a liberal mind, and princely fortune. This was Zackary Bayly, of the Island of Jamaica, who, on the death of my father, took my mother and her family under his protection, and, as I was the eldest son, directed that I should be well educated. I had been placed by my father at the school of a dissenting minister in Bristol, whose name was William Foot, of whom I remember enough, to believe that he was both a learned and good man, but, by a strange absurdity, he was forbidden to teach me Latin and Greek, and directed to confine my studies to writing, arithmetic, and the English grammar. I should therefore have had little to do, but that the schoolmaster had an excellent method of making the boys write letters to him on different subjects, such as, the beauty and dignity of truth, the obligation of a religious life, the benefits of good education, the mischief of idleness, &c. &c. previously stating to them the chief arguments to be urged; and

insisting

insisting on correctness in orthography and grammar. In this employment, I had sometimes the good fortune to excel the other boys; and when this happened, my master never failed to praise me very liberally before them all; and he would frequently transmit my letters to my father and mother.-This excited in my mind a spirit of emulation, and, I believe, gave me the first taste for correct and elegant composition. I acquired, however, all this time, but very little learning; and when my uncle (on my father's death) took me under his protection, his agent in Bristol considered me as neglected by Mr. Foot, and immediately removed me to a French boarding school in the same city, where I soon obtained the French language, and, having access to a circulating library, I acquired a passion for books, which has since become the solace of my life.

In 1759, a younger and the only brother of my great and good uncle came to England, and, settling in London, took me to reside with him, in a high and elegant style of life. He was a representative in Parliament for Abingdon, and afterwards for his native town. -Farther I cannot speak of him so favourably as I could wish, for I remember that, at the period I allude to, his conduct towards me was such as not to inspire me with much respect he perceived it, and soon after, in the latter end of the same year, sent me to Jamaica. -This proved a happy and fortunate change in my life, for I found my eldest uncle the reverse, in every possible circumstance, of his brother. To the most enlarged and enlightened mind he added the sweetest temper, and the most generous disposition. His tenderness towards me was excessive, and I regarded him with more than filial affection and veneration. Observing my passion for books, and thinking favourably of my capacity, he engaged a clergyman (my loved and ever to be lamented friend Isaac Teale) to reside in his family, chiefly to supply by his instructions my deficiency in the learned languages. Mr. Teale had been master of a free grammar school, and besides being a most accomplished scholar, possessed an exquisite taste for poetry, of which the reader will be convinced by referring to the Gentleman's Magazine, for August 1771, the beauti. ful сору of verses, there first published, called "The Compliment of the Day," being of his composition. I dare not say, however, that I made any great progress in the languages under his tuition; I acquired "small Latin and less Greek;" even now, I find it diffi cult to read the Roman poets in their own language. The case was, that not having been grounded in the Latin grammar at an earlier period of life, I found the study of it insupportably disgusting, after I had acquired a taste for the beauties of fine writing. Poetry was our chief amusement; for my friend, as well as myself, preferred the charms of Dryden and Pope, to the dull drudgery of poring over syntax and prosody*. We preferred belles lettres. We laughed away many a happy hour over the plays of Molière, and wrote verses on local and temporary subjects, which we sometimes published in the Colonial newspapers. Yet the Latin classicks were not altoge ther neglected; my friend delighted to point out to me the beauties

de Armstrong.

of