Elizabeth, only daughter of James I. of England and VI. of Scotland. By this marriage the crown of Great Britain was confirmed to his descendants, and a connection was formed between the two houses of Brunswick and of Stuart, which terminated in the final settlement of the former. The last branch, in the direct line, of the Stuart family, Henry Benedict Maria Clement, Cardinal York, calling himself Henry IX. King of England, died at Rome, August 31, 1807, after having, during a few years, enjoyed a pension of 4000l. per annum, generously granted to him by our late venerable monarch, George III., an instance of liberality perhaps never before witnessed, considering the few years that had elapsed, since the cardinal, on the death of his brother, Charles, had caused medals to be struck, bearing on their face his head, with the motto, "Henricus nonus Angliæ Rex;" on the reverse, a city, with " GRATIA DEI, SED NON VOLUNTATE HOMINUM :" Henry IX. King of England, by the grace of God, but not by the will of Man!

Ernest Augustus died in the year 1698, and was succeeded by his son George Lewis, Elector of Hanover, who, as already intimated, on the death of Queen Anne, in 1714, agreeably to the act of Settl ment and Succession, made in the reign of William III. ascended the throne of England, by the title of George I. He was then in the fiftyfifth year of his age; and he reigned till he had attained his sixty-eighth. During nearly the whole

of these thirteen years, the country was greatly distracted by internal faction and external war. He was himself well skilled in the use of arms, having served during three campaigns in the wars against the Turks; neither was he deficient as a statesman and a governor. Indeed, on several occasions he manifested a very great degree of wisdom and sagacity. During his negotiations with the British court before the death of Queen Anne, he displayed considerable skill; and throughout the whole of his reign the same penetrating mind was conspicuous. Whig principles, of which he was the zealous and the constant advocate, led him uniformly to support the doctrines and the measures most favourable to civil and religious liberty, which he regarded as the inalienable right of mankind. Less tenacious of his own prerogative than of the rights and privileges of his subjects, as he never made any attacks upon the latter, no encroachments were ever attempted upon the former.

He died at Osnaburg in the 13th year of his reign, and was succeeded by his son, George II. who pursued the same liberal line of general policy in his government. He left also a daughter, who afterwards became Queen of Prussia, and died at the castle of Ahlen, in the electorate of Brunswick, where she had been confined for several years.

George II. married Wilhelmina Caroline, daugh

ter of John Frederick, Marquis of Brandenburgh Anspach. She had issue four sons and five daughters. Frederick Lewis, the eldest son, was afterwards father of our late lamented and excellent King, George III.

It were an unnecessary extension of this part of the subject to detail the various circumstances attendant on the very bitter and lasting animosity which George II. manifested towards the Prince of Wales, and through him to his wife the Princess, during a long period, before and after the birth of his Royal Highness's son, George Augustus, our late King. For some cause or other, never publicly known, the Prince and Princess of Wales were driven from the royal presence, and were compelled to live in private. Their residence, for some time, was in a private house in Leicester Fields. They afterwards took up their residence at Norfolk House, St. James's Square, where, however, they were still pursued with a severity only exceeded or equalled by certain recent proceedings, where a husband visited the wife of his bosom with a similar degree of punishment to that which was inflicted by a father on the child of his loins. In both cases alluded to there are so many striking and painful coincidences, that it is impossible to peruse the history of those times without instantly turning one's attention to facts of a much later date. No guard of honour being allowed to the disgraced Frederick Lewis and his afflicted Prin

cess, gave rise to the following lines, which appeared in the London Magazine for June 1739:

Some I have heard who speak this with abuse:
"Guards should attend as well the prince as duke;
"Guards should protect from insult Britain's heir,
"Who greatly merits all the nation's care:"
Pleas'd with the honest zeal they thus express,
I tell them what each statesman must confess;
No guard so strong, so noble, e'er can prove,
As that which F.
·k has-the People's love.

The sagacious reader will not require to be told, that a very slight change in the above lines would render them not very inapplicable to some circumstances of our own day.

The stern, but virtuous George II. died at Kensington, on the 25th of October, 1760, and was succeeded by his grandson, George Augustus, our late sovereign, whose father, the Prince of Wales, had departed this life on the 20th of March, in the year 1750.

It is not necessary to the facts of this history, that we proceed any farther in the details of those circumstances, which immediately concern the introduction of the male branch of the House of Brunswick into this country; but we should leave this part of the Queen's life mainly defective, were we to pass unnoticed her connection on the female side, with King George IV.

In narrating this part of her late Majesty's Life, it will be necessary to go more at length, than we have hitherto done, into the facts of her early history, and into that of the family and court in which

she was born and educated. It is not, however, my intention here to go so far back into the history of the House of Brunswick as I have already done; but shall confine myself to that portion of it which have an immediate and direct connection with the personal history of the illustrious and unfortunate subject of these Memoirs.

Charles, Duke of Brunswick, had issue by his Princess, Phillipina, Charles William Ferdinand, hereditary Prince of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle, was born October the 9th, 1735, and married in London, January 16th, 1764, to the Princess Augusta, eldest sister of his Majesty George III. Of these illustrious parents was born her late most gracious Majesty Queen Caroline, niece to King George III. and first cousin to King George IV.

Were it necessary we might show, that her Majesty descended from a long and most illustrious race of ancestors, and that she stood connected, at the time of her unhappy marriage, with some of the most ancient royal families of Europe.

The court of his Serene Highness, the Duke of Brunswick, at and long after the birth of Caroline, was the seat of much ducal grandeur; and is said to have been the resort of almost all those brave and gallant officers who have signalized themselves in the wars of Europe; and whose successes in arms, before the arrest of their career of glory, by the devastating power and superior force of the late Napoleon Bonaparte, had inspired them with sentiments of a noble and generous pride. To this