Last Best Gifts: Altruism and the Market for Human Blood and OrgansUniversity of Chicago Press, 2010/08/15 - 200 ページ More than any other altruistic gesture, blood and organ donation exemplifies the true spirit of self-sacrifice. Donors literally give of themselves for no reward so that the life of an individual—often anonymous—may be spared. But as the demand for blood and organs has grown, the value of a system that depends solely on gifts has been called into question, and the possibility has surfaced that donors might be supplemented or replaced by paid suppliers. Last Best Gifts offers a fresh perspective on this ethical dilemma by examining the social organization of blood and organ donation in Europe and the United States. Gifts of blood and organs are not given everywhere in the same way or to the same extent—contrasts that allow Kieran Healy to uncover the pivotal role that institutions play in fashioning the contexts for donations. Procurement organizations, he shows, sustain altruism by providing opportunities to give and by producing public accounts of what giving means. In the end, Healy suggests, successful systems rest on the fairness of the exchange, rather than the purity of a donor’s altruism or the size of a financial incentive. |
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viii ページ
... moral economy of exchange. When HIV appeared in the U.S. blood supply, there was a crucial period of uncertainty about the nature of the disease and its presence in the blood supply. The structure of institutionalized exchange relations ...
... moral economy of exchange. When HIV appeared in the U.S. blood supply, there was a crucial period of uncertainty about the nature of the disease and its presence in the blood supply. The structure of institutionalized exchange relations ...
3 ページ
... moral economy of donation.4 While the free gift of blood is seen as an expression of social solidarity, profit-making blood centers have been held up as examples of the depths to which the market can drag a society. In the early 1970s ...
... moral economy of donation.4 While the free gift of blood is seen as an expression of social solidarity, profit-making blood centers have been held up as examples of the depths to which the market can drag a society. In the early 1970s ...
5 ページ
... least some of the time, and in this sense altruism is parasitic on self-interest. 22 As for the moral dangers posed by commodification (as opposed to mere self-interest), few if any argue that trying 5 EXCHANGE IN HUMAN GOODS.
... least some of the time, and in this sense altruism is parasitic on self-interest. 22 As for the moral dangers posed by commodification (as opposed to mere self-interest), few if any argue that trying 5 EXCHANGE IN HUMAN GOODS.
8 ページ
... moral worth, appeal to our basest desires, lead us to see others as means rather than ends, and so on. Every account of the market and its effects rests on some sort of theory of what people's motives and desires are or ought to be, and ...
... moral worth, appeal to our basest desires, lead us to see others as means rather than ends, and so on. Every account of the market and its effects rests on some sort of theory of what people's motives and desires are or ought to be, and ...
9 ページ
... moral authority and thus becomes a rhetorical asset.29 From this perspective, a market for blood or organs should be much like any other market. There may be some altruists who would not give their organs away if a market for them ...
... moral authority and thus becomes a rhetorical asset.29 From this perspective, a market for blood or organs should be much like any other market. There may be some altruists who would not give their organs away if a market for them ...
目次
| 1 | |
2 Making a Gift | 23 |
3 The Logistics of Altruism | 43 |
4 Collection Regimes and Donor Populations | 70 |
5 Organizations and Obligations | 87 |
6 Managing Gifts Making Markets | 110 |
Data Sources and Methods | 133 |
Notes | 143 |
Bibliography | 169 |
Index | 185 |
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多く使われている語句
action AIDS altruism American argue argument asked become blood banks blood donation blood supply body centers chapter collection commodification consent countries cultural death decision dependent donor families economic effects efforts example exchange express fact Figure gift give given groups Health hospitals human idea important incentives increasing individual industry institutional interests involved Italy kidneys kind laws less living manage means measure moral motives noted OPOs organ donation organ procurement organizational particular patients percent person plasma plasma companies population possible potential practice Press problem procurement rates question reasons recipients Red Cross regimes relations relationship response risk role social society stories structure suggests suppliers things tion transfusion transplant United variable vary voluntary volunteering York
人気のある引用
1 ページ - For I can raise no money by vile means: By heaven, I had rather coin my heart, And drop my blood for drachmas, than to wring From the hard hands of peasants their' vile trash By any indirection.
144 ページ - The mysterious character of the commodity-form consists therefore simply in the fact that the commodity reflects the social characteristics of men's own labour as objective characteristics of the products of labour themselves, as the socio-natural properties of these things.
144 ページ - Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston: Beacon Press, 1957; Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism 15th18th Century, transl. by Sian Reynolds, London: Collins, 1981. 6 The word "lineage...
16 ページ - total' social phenomena, as we propose calling them, all kinds of institutions are given expression at one and the same time - religious, juridical, and moral, which relate to both politics and the family; likewise economic ones, which suppose special forms of production and consumption, or rather, of performing total services and of distribution.
155 ページ - Prosocial motivation: Is it ever truly altruistic? In Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol.
164 ページ - Report of a Census of Organs and Tissues Retained by Pathology Services in England...