three times, as already said, ADORE THE CROSS.]* In the mean time [while the ADORATION OF THE CROSS is going on]† all or some of the following REPROACHES are sung," [according as the multitude, or paucity of THOSE WHO ADORE requires].‡

The "reproaches" are given by Mr. Husenbeth in Latin and English, and by the protestant editors of the "Devotions" in English. As there is no material variation in their several renderings, we now extract the following anthem, or antiphon, which all then sing together, and which our readers will perceive is, in fact, a prayer of adoration to the material cross.

"WE ADORE THY CROSS, O Lord: and praise and glorify Thy holy Resurrection; for lo! by this Tree joy hath come throughout the world."-Devotions, p. liii. [Husenbeth's Missal, p. 309, Missale Romanum, p. 132.]

A verse of the sixty-seventh Psalm [sixty-sixth of the Latin Vulgate] follows:

"And the antiphon, We adore, is repeated immediately. Then is sung the V. O faithful cross, with the Hymn, Sing, O Tongue; after each verse of which, the V. O faithful cross; or this, Sweet is the wood, is repeated as follows:

"CRUX fidelis, inter omnes arbor una nobilis: nulla silva talem profert, fronde, flore, germine. Dulce lignum, dulce clavos, dulce pondus sustinet." Devotions, p. liv. Husenbeth's Missal, p.310. Missale Romanum, p. 132.]

"O FAITHFUL Cross, thou peerless Tree, no forest yields the like of thee; leaf, flower, and bud. Sweet is the wood, and sweet its weight, and sweet the nails which penetrate thee; thou sweet wood" (p. liv.)

These popish addresses to inanimate matter, sufficiently attest "how precious in" the "eyes" of its editors, are the "rites, ceremonies, and offices" of Rome. They must have been sadly at a loss for devotions for Passion Week, when, instead of consulting the rich stores of devotional piety which are extant in our language, (from the pens of our martyred reformers and others of their contemporaries, as well as of subsequent writers), they are driven to seek aid from the Romish Missal and Breviary. And yet, as Mr. Bowdler has well shown, there is "no need to join the Romish communion:" for all the offices of our Church, together with her discipline, if fully carried out, are abundantly sufficient for all purposes of real edification. Early in the English Reformation, there was a demand for improved books of Private Devotions; and seve

"Posmodum [postmodum] ministri altaris, deinde alii Clerici et laici, bini et bini, ter genibus flexis, ut dictum est, CRUCEM ADORANT.-Ibid.

"Interim, dum fit ADORATIO CRUCIS." These words are OMITTED by Mr. Husenbeth.

"Prout multitudo ADORANTIUM, vel paucitas, requirit. Ibid. p. 131. These words are OMITTED by Mr. Husenbeth.

ral primers and other manuals of prayers, less amatory in their language and more scriptural in their contents than any of the effusions of Papists issued from the press. During the reign of the sanguinary Mary, the greater part of these manuals was destroyed; and the "Hours," and similar collections of Popish prayers, were again used. In the reign of Elizabeth, the need for Protestant manuals of Devotion was once more felt: and though the Queen and convocation gave special attention to the Book of Common Prayer, and (it would seem also) to the supplying of forms of prayer for family use,* yet the care of providing smaller books of private devotions was properly left to individuals; and of these manuals, happily, there was no scanty supply. Not fewer than eighty-one are enumerated by Andrew Maunsell, a London bookseller, in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign, in pp. 84-87 of "The First Part of the Catalogue of English Printed Bookes" (London, 1595, folio). Among these precious remains of the piety of by-gone ages, enumerated by Maunsell, we find the following:

"The Primer in English and Latin, set out by King Henry VIII. Pri. by R. Grafton, 1543. 4to." This contains some admirably devout prayers, which the late Rev. Dr. Burton thought were composed by the martyred Cranmer.+

"Io. Bradford, his godly meditations, which he vsed, being in prison, intituled his Beades. Pri. in 16."†

"A Pomander of Praiers made by Thos. Becon. Also certain meditations made in forme of Prayers, by S. Augustine. Printed by Iohn Day in 8."+

A few prayers, appropriate to Passion Week, are also to be found in Henry Bull's "Christian Prayers," which were first

* At the end of the earlier editions of our Liturgy, there is a collection of Godly Prayers" for family and private use, which are characterised by much fervour, at the same time that they are beautifully simple. Mr. Bowdler (Quid Romæ faciam? p. 8) justly regrets their disappearance from our liturgy. When these prayers disappeared, we have not been able to ascertain. We have seen

them in a quarto edition of the Liturgy, printed in 1606, but miss them in a folio edition, printed in 1639. During the disastrous times which followed, when rebellion was religion, and faith was faction, it was not to be expected that they should be reprinted. We are glad, however, to see that these prayers, which are not more excellent in themselves than venerable for their antiquity, have been reprinted by the Rev. Edward Bickersteth, in his "Book of Private Devotions; containing a Collection of the most valuable early Devotions of the Reformers and their successors in the English Church." London. 1839. 8vo. + All these manuals are to be found in Mr. Bickersteth's "Book of Private Devotions," together with the Primer of King Edward VI., and prayers by Dean Nowell, and the Bishops Andrews, Cosins, Taylor, and Ken. Mr. Bickersteth has himself also furnished a series of appropriate and devout prayers for Passion Week, in his recently published collection of "Family Prayers." London. 1842.

8vo.

VOL. XIII.--Q

published in 1570, and repeatedly afterwards. This volume has just been reprinted for the members of the Parker Society, who may felicitate themselves on the acquisition of an excellent aid to private devotion.

Sorocold's "Supplications of Saints," published after the year 1597, contain a pathetic and devout meditation upon the life, death, and passion of our Saviour. Similar Meditations occur in numerous writers of later date. Among these we may mention Bishop Duppa's "Holy Rules and Helps to Devotion;" Bishop Patrick's Meditations in his "Christian Sacrifice;" Bishop Ken's "Practice of Divine Love," on that part of the creed which relates to the Death and Passion of Jesus Christ. This work has very recently been republished: we may add that the portion just referred to was reprinted in 1767, by the Rev. George Whitefield in his " Communicant's Morning's Companion." The "New Year's Gift," one of the earlier productions of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, contains a series of devout prayers and meditations for every day in Passion Week: this manual was reprinted for the London booksellers in 1821. Professor John James Rambach's "Considerations on the Sufferings of Christ," translated from the German, and published in 1759, in two volumes 8vo., are full of rich devotions: of this work, two abridged editions have been published since the commencement of the present century. Mr. Stevenson's "Christ on the Cross," a series of Meditations on the Twentysecond Psalm, contains many truly devout and affecting considerations on the sufferings and death of our adorable Redeemer. Nor must we forget to mention Mr. Archdeacon Samuel Wilberforce's "Eucharistica," which little work contains devout prayers and meditations, selected principally from our elder divines, which are characterised by much fervour and unction; to which we may add a modern and unassuming little volume, now in its fourth edition, entitled "Passion Week," which contains an admirable series of expositions, meditations, and prayers, clothed in perspicuous, devout, and affecting language.

We have enumerated these works (and the list might have easily been extended) in order to prove what abundant materials for devout meditations and prayers are already extant in our mother tongue, without having recourse to the Romish breviary or missal, or to the compositions of pretended Romish saints, as the compilers of the popish manual of devotions for Passion Week have done. And we shall deem our labour richly compensated, if we shall thus be the means of directing the attention of our readers to the ample stores of pure and elevated devotion, with which the English language is enriched.

The Practical Works of the Rev. Job Orton, S.T.P., now first collected; consisting of Discourses, Sacramental Meditations, and Letters, with copious Indexes. To which is prefixed a Memoir of the Author. In 2 vols. 8vo. London: Tegg. WHEN We look on modern Dissent, both as exhibited in our corn-law-lecture profaned meeting-houses and in the angry schismatical writings of Messrs. John Angel James, Thomas Binney, and others, we are apt to wonder where are the representatives of the old Nonconformists-the Doddridges, the Watts, and the Ortons: but we wonder and look in vain-the race, if not already extinct, is fast disappearing. Now and then one may be met with; but the spirit of the day is opposed to him, and he either takes refuge within the bosom of the Catholic Church, or starves on some distant "interest." But there were Christians among Dissenters in those days, and Job Orton was surely one. His Sermons, which, in the two handsome volumes before us, are collected, with letters and other remains, are a valuable addition to a clergyman's library; they are written upon texts, for the most part not of a common-place character, and are marked by a grasp of intellect, and a patience of research, which show how great was the stress laid by their author upon preparation for the pulpit. To those who wish for sound sense and strong practical Christianity, remote alike from formality and enthusiasm, we can, Churchmen as we are, safely recommend the Sermons of the Nonconformist Job Orton. And now we have a little error to point out; and we point it out, not to Mr. Tegg only, but to all whom it may concern: S.T.P.,_amplified thus, "Sacro-Sanctæ Theologiæ Professor," is a Latin title, equivalent of Doctor in Divinity, and can only be used with propriety in a Latin title or inscription. Now, as the title-page of Mr. Tegg's book is English, it should be there put D.D., which degree was, it appears, conferred by some university upon Mr. Orton, though he never chose to use it.

Sunday Readings, for the Family and the Closet. By the Rev. JOHN NORMAN PEARSON, M.A. London: Hatchards. 1842. THAT Mr. Pearson had the best motives in the world for writing this very pretty looking book, we would be the last people in the world to deny. For our own part, we do not see any necessity for it, as there are many thousand volumes on the same plan, and of equal merit, to be obtained at a cost little more than that of waste paper. However, as we do not wish to be severe, we will readily admit that we see no harm in the volume.

The Perpetual Government of Christ's Church. By THOMAS BILSON, D.D., Bishop of Winchester. A new edition, with a Biographical Notice, by the Rev. ROBERT EDEN, M.A., late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Oxford: at the University Press. 1842.

AMONG the many eminent theologians who brightened the Elizabethan era, there were few more remarkable, both for learning and for acuteness, than Thomas Bilson, Bishop of Winchester. Trained from a youth in the service of the Church, he attached himself solely to ecclesiastical studies, and there were probably no men of his time who excelled him in copiousness and variety of learning. Although the work by which he is best known is his "Treatise on the Atonement," he was the author of one which, while less fanciful, is more learned, and more satisfactory-this is his work on the "Perpetual Government of Christ's Church," written both in Latin and English, and which had lately become exceedingly rare. At the instance of the University of Oxford, the republication of this erudite work was undertaken by Mr. Eden, who has performed his task in a manner which reflects the highest credit both upon his patience and his scholarship.

Bilson not unfrequently quoted without naming his authorities, very much after the fashion of a certain scriptural reference, "As one saith in a certain place." Even in instances like this, has the indefatigable editor hunted out, first the indefinite "one,” and then the equally indefinite "certain place;" so that the new Clarendon edition of Bilson, if not absolutely perfect, is as near to it as a reader can desire. It is time, however, to say a few words of the work itself, which is one of the most masterly defences of the Anglican system ever put forth. At no time were such works more wanted than they are now; and we think Mr. Eden has done no small service to the Church by placing in the hands of her sons this invaluable work by one of her fathers. We see that there are upwards of thirteen hundred references verified by Mr. Eden.

Chronicles of England: a Metrical History. By GEORGE RAYMOND. London: Smith. 1842.

IMPRIMIS, we see no reason for putting a history of England into verse at all. Secondly, we should like, if it must be done, that it should be done well; and, as this attempt is not successful, we will recur to our first objection, and it shall suffice to say, that the book was not wanted.