a beer called Vinho de Batatas, from the Batata1 root. Sora, a Peruvian beer, was formerly forbidden by the Incas because of its extremely intoxicating nature.

AUSTRIA.

The most famous beer is perhaps the Pilsener, or white beer, from Pilsen in Bohemia, the favourite drink in Vienna. Gratzer is brewed from wheat malt.

BAVARIA.

The peculiar flavour of the Bavarian ale is perhaps a result of the very free use of pitch or resinous matters to protect the wood of the fermenting tun, but it seems more probable that it is due to the commixture of pine tops. Schenk beer is draught beer, in contradistinction to Lager, or store beer. The one is drunk in summer, the othe rin winter. and Salvator, dark heavy kinds of stout, are both well known. Kaiserslautern is the name of a famous brewage in Rhenish Bavaria.

BELGIUM.

Bock beer"

White beers, the result of a mixture of oats and wheat, called Walgbaert and Happe, were made in Brussels in the fifteenth century. Roetbier and Zwartbier were, as their names tell us, red and black beers. Cuyte was at one time a favourite and aristocratic

1 This is the sweet potato, introduced into Europe before the common potato.

* For an interesting account of this, vid., Dr. Charnock's Verba Nominalia.

drink. It has since fallen from its high estate. There are some forty kinds of beer, at least, now manufactured in Brussels. The white beer of Louvain in South Brabant is the most esteemed; but an Englishman has described it as having the flavour of pitch, soapsuds and vinegar. The winter brew is termed Faro, the summer Lambic. The Faro is by some said to be prepared from the strong Lambic and a small beer called Mars. All Belgium beers, according to the opinion of some experts, have a certain stamp of vinosity. In addition to the Lambic and Faro, which are distinguished in this particular, may be mentioned the Uitzet of Flanders, the Arge of Antwerp, and Fortes-Saisons of the Walloons. The white sparkling beers of Louvain are the best of summer beers, they are succeeded by those of Hougaerde and Diest. The brown beers of Malines and the Saison of Liege possess good reports. Latterly the Grisettes of Gembloux, the beer of Dinant, the blonde of Buiche, and the ale of Oppuers have been creditably mentioned.

BORNEO.

The aborigines' of Borneo, if we are to believe Commodore Roggewein,' are the "basest, most cruel and perfidious people in the world." They are "honest, industrious, strongly affectionate and selfdenying," if we are to credit the account of the Italian missionary, Antonio Ventimiglia. When such diversity of opinion is manifested about the people,

1 Beajus, which in Malay signifies a wild man.

some discordance might naturally be supposed to exhibit itself in the matter of their potations. But this is not thus. The great drink of the Beajus is allowed on all hands to be the ava or cava, prepared from the piper methysticum, or intoxicating pepper plant. This is a shrub with thick roots, long heartshaped leaves, and a clump or spike of berries. The root is chewed only-it is satisfactory to learn-by young girls with good teeth and dainty mouths.1 Water or cocoa-nut milk is poured on the masticated pulp, fermentation ensues, and the Beajus drink and become drunken. The mass of chewed matter is kneaded with considerable dexterity by practised professionals. Every tongue is mute," says Marinerone of the crew of a vessel seized by the natives in the commencement of this century,--" while this operation is going on; every eye is upon them, watching every motion of their arms as they describe the various curvilinear turns essential to success." Ava is also drunk in Otaheite, in the Feejee islands, and those of the Marquesas and of the South Seas.

CHINA.

Tar-asun, extracted from barley or wheat, is the beer of China. It is sweet, and commonly drunk warm, before distillation. The mixed liquor from which it is prepared is called tchoo, or wine; after that, sam or san

1 According to Kotzebue, old woman chew, as in the South American chica-let us hope this cannot be correct and little girls spit on it to thin the paste. Kotzebue's New Voyage Round the World, vol. ii., p. 170.

is prefixed, to show its hot nature.

Samtchoo-the

word is spelt in many ways-may, says Barrow (Travels, p. 304), be considered the basis of the best arrack, itself a mere rectification of the above spirit with the addition of molasses and the juice of the cocoa-nut tree. Bell's Travels, ii. 9.

Love of the English for Beer -A National Drink-Private Brewing -A French View of English Society-Sir John BarleycornThe "Black Jack" and "Leather Bottel "-" Toby Philpot "Burton-on-Trent-Bottled Beer-Brewers-The Village Ale

house-Various Beers.

"Back and syde goo bare, goo bare,
Both hande and foote goo colde;

But, Bellie, God send the good ale inowghe

Whether hyt be newe or old."

Brynge us home good ale, syr, brynge us home good ale,
And for our der lady's love, brynge us som good ale.

Brynge us home no beff, syr, for that is full of bonys,
But brynge us home goode ale y-nough, for that my love

alone ys;

Brynge us home no wetyn brede, for yt be ful of branne,

Nothyr of no ry brede, for y' is of ye same;

Brynge us home no porke, syr, for yt is verie fatt,

Nothyr no barly brede, for neythir love I that;

Brynge us home no muton, for that is tough and lene,

Neyther no trypys, for thei be seldyn clene;

Brynge us home no veel, syr, that do I not desyr,

But brynge us home good ale y-nough to drynke by y

fyer;

Brynge us home no syder, nor no pakde 1 wyne,

For, and y" do, thow shalt have Criste's curse and mine."

1 From the old French Pallir, to become vapid, lose spirit. Washy stuff.