The Science of Linguistics in the Art of Translation: Some Tools from Linguistics for the Analysis and Practice of TranslationSUNY Press, 1988/01/01 - 241 ページ Drawing from more than two hundred examples representing twenty-two languages of wide genetic and typological variety, the author guides the reader through a broad collection of situations encountered in the analysis and practice of translation. This enterprise gains structure and rigor from the methods and findings of contemporary linguistic theory, while realism and relevance are served by the choice of "naturalistic" examples from published translations. Coverage draws from a variety of genres and text-types (literary works, the Bible, newspaper articles, legal and philosophical writings, for examples), and addresses a thorough selection of structural-functional aspects. These range from discrepancies between source and target languages in sentence construction, to dfiferences between source and target poetic traditions with respect to meter and rhyme. |
目次
Introduction | 1 |
013 The Art of Translation | 2 |
021 Primary Organizational Components | 3 |
022 Secondary Organizational Components | 4 |
023 An Extended Illustration | 5 |
024 Compositional Levels | 7 |
03 Format of Tranlational Examples and Bibliographical References | 8 |
05 List of Terms and Symbols Not Defined Elsewhere | 9 |
Systemic and Formalistic Techniques | 93 |
Sets and Scatters | 94 |
SettoSet Substitution SettoScatter Equation | 99 |
83 Japanese SelfReferent Pronouns French Dizaines versus English Dozens ScattertoSet Translation | 104 |
84 Formal and Functional Sets | 106 |
Notes | 108 |
Taxonomies | 111 |
91 Taxonomic Conflation | 112 |
06 A Note on Terminology | 11 |
Trajections Matching Equation and Substitution | 15 |
112 Preliminary Examples | 16 |
12 Equation | 19 |
13 Substitution | 20 |
14 Matching | 22 |
141 Carryover Matching | 23 |
142 Ca1que Matching Prefab Matching and False Friendship | 25 |
Notes | 27 |
Zigzagging Divergence and Convergence | 29 |
211 Linguistic Cues | 30 |
212 Situational Cues | 32 |
213 Stylistic Cues | 33 |
214 Artistic Suspense Stylistically Induced Divergence | 34 |
22 Convergence | 36 |
23 Zigzagging | 37 |
Notes | 39 |
Recrescence | 41 |
312 Classificatory Amplification | 45 |
32 Reduction | 46 |
322 Variational Reduction | 47 |
33 Recrescence | 49 |
332 Global Preferences for Larger or Smaller Units | 50 |
333 Japanese kureruyaru and Authors Empathy | 51 |
Notes | 52 |
Repackaging Amplification and Reduction | 55 |
412 Definitional Diffusion | 56 |
413 Diffusion of Grammatical Inflections | 57 |
414 Diffusion of Sentences | 58 |
42 Condensation | 59 |
422 Condensation to Compensate for Syntactic Deficiency | 60 |
431 Size Adjustments and Preferences | 61 |
432 Repackaging and Recurrence Chains | 62 |
Notes | 63 |
Reordering | 65 |
51 Reordering to Optimize Comprehension | 66 |
52 Reordering Relative to Narrative Flow | 67 |
53 Reordering of TargetAlien Stylistic Patterns Greek hyteronproteron | 68 |
54 Feature Recording | 69 |
Notes | 70 |
Some Dimensions of Trajectional Analysis | 71 |
Recoding | 72 |
62 Relations Between Trajection | 75 |
622 Hookups | 78 |
63 Trajections as AppliedLinguistic Constructs | 80 |
Notes | 81 |
Some Trajectional Parameters | 83 |
72 LinguisticStylistic Situational Parameters | 84 |
721 The Chiaroscuro Nature of Stylistic Patterns | 85 |
73 CompensatoryClassifactory Parameters | 87 |
75 Positive and Negative Hookups | 88 |
76 TranslinguisticUnilinguistic Parameters | 89 |
Notes | 90 |
92 Matching and Diffusional Deconflation | 116 |
93 Nonce Conflation | 118 |
Notes | 120 |
Zeroes | 123 |
102 Zeroes in the Study of Style and Textual Ambiguity | 127 |
Notes | 129 |
Abstract Syntactic Representations | 131 |
112 Some Guidelines for Synthesizing Abstract Syntactic Representations ASRs | 133 |
113 Derivations Rules and Strata of Representation | 137 |
Notes | 143 |
Bridge Technique | 145 |
French tacher and Spanish rocurar versus English try | 150 |
Antispanning Lexicalization | 152 |
124 Situational and Stylistic Patterns | 158 |
1243 Norwegian Word Order versus English Extraposition | 160 |
Representational Strata and Trajections | 162 |
Notes | 165 |
Phonetics Phenology and Poetic Form | 169 |
131 Cenematics and Orthometrics | 172 |
132 Feature and Subsequence Rhyme | 175 |
133 Two Modes of Linguistic Application | 177 |
134 Cenematic Strata and Derivations APRs | 178 |
Notes | 182 |
Transduction | 185 |
142 Alliteration in Old Irish | 187 |
143 Transduction | 189 |
1431 Ahi Ali Baba | 190 |
1432 Slieve Cua | 192 |
Notes | 194 |
Tranjacence | 195 |
151 Paronomasia and Other CenematicPlerematicPlerematic Complexes | 196 |
1511 Alliterative and Rhyming Binomials | 197 |
1512 Mimesis | 198 |
1513 Free Association | 199 |
1514 Eponymy | 200 |
1521 Symbolism | 203 |
1522 Situational Inducement | 204 |
1524 The Distance Factor | 205 |
1525 Authors Proclivity | 206 |
Notes | 207 |
Parallax | 209 |
161 Displacement Parallax | 211 |
162 Antipodal Parallax | 212 |
163 Macroscopic Parallax | 213 |
164 Microscopic Parallax | 214 |
165 Personalizing Parallax | 215 |
166 Depersonalizing Parallax | 217 |
Notes | 218 |
Bibliography | 221 |
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多く使われている語句
abstract alliteration alliterative allomorph Amplification analytic translation applied-linguistic avenging Biblical Hebrew bridge technique calque cenematic chapter components context Convergence convey coreference chain counterpart derivations differences Diffusion discussion Divergence elements embedded clause English Equation example excerpt fact figurae formal French function German given Grimm's fairy tales guideline Hebrew hook-up hyponym illustrated involving Irish King James translators lexeme lexical linguistic matrix morpheme morphological morphosyntactic nexus Norwegian Note noun orthometric pair parallax patterns people's wrong phonetic phonological phrase plerematic plural poem polysemy preposition Pron pronoun Recrescence recurrence chain Reduction reference regicide relations RelCo Reordering Repackaging representation rule semantic sense sentence set-to-set similar situation source and target source text source-target Spanish specific stratum string structure stylistic Substitution suffix symbolized syntactic syntagmatic tagmeme target language target text tion trajectional analysis trajections transduction transjacence translinguistic Turkish unilinguistic verb verse whereby word zeroes Zigzagging