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CHAPTER CCLXXIII.-THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY REDUCES THE DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG TO

HIS OBEDIENCE.

WE must now speak of the duke of Burgundy, who was making great preparations for the attack of Luxembourg. In the interval, several attempts were made to reconcile the duchess and her disobedient subjects, but in vain. The duke was, therefore, resolved to make a severe war on them, and reduce them to his obedience. He first detached sir Simon de Lalain into Luxembourg, with three or four hundred combatants, who formed a junction with the count de Vernembourg, and the other nobles allied to the duke of Burgundy. They quartered themselves in Arlon, and other towns attached to the duchess, and thought to have gained Thionville by an understanding with the inhabitants, but failed, from the count de Clicque and his party having the ascendancy, together with a considerable garrison to enforce obedience. Shortly after, the count de Clicque, with a large army and train of artillery, advanced near to Arlon, with the intent to besiege it, and several skirmishes took place, when many were killed and wounded on both sides,-but fearing the superior force of the duke of Burgundy, he retreated into Luxembourg.

The Picards made several excursions, and at times advanced even to the gates of Luxembourg. The duke of Burgundy now left Dijon in handsome array, and grandly attended by knights and esquires. He fixed his quarters at Yvoy, in the duchy of Luxembourg, where he was joyfully received by the inhabitants. While at Yvoy, he ordered the castle of Villy to be besieged, as it contained a party of marauders, who had done great mischief to the poor farmers, under the command of one called Jacquemin de Beaumont.

The command of this expedition was given to Guy de Roye, the lord de Saveuses, Hugh de Hasines, and others, having with them six hundred combatants. They pointed many engines against this castle, which damaged it much; but those within declared, that they belonged to the young lord de Commercy, who had been with the Dauphin to the relief of Dieppe. They also sent to inform him of what was passing, when he assembled about a thousand combatants, among whom was Pierre Robert, Le Roucin, and many other veterans. They pushed forward by forced marches until they were near the castle, and then, at early morn, they surprised the Burgundian camp, without meeting much resistance. Those, however, who had the command of the siege, hearing a noise, assembled their men in haste, and, in handsome array, attacked the enemy, drove him out of their camp into the plain, where a sharp engagement ensued, and where Sir Gauvain Quieriet, sir Hugh de Longueval, and others of the chiefs displayed great courage. Sir Gauvain had joined them the day before, and had informed them of the march of the young lord of Commercy.

This lord and his companions, finding that they would lose rather than gain by a longer stay, galloped off in haste, and returned to Commercy, leaving behind eight or ten dead and several wounded. On the part of the Burgundians, a gentleman named Walter de Pavant was slain, and a few with him. During the engagement, Jacquemin de Beaumont abandoned his men, and issuing out at a postern of the castle, joined the young lord de Commercy, and returned with him. The garrison now surrendered on capitulation, that they should march away with arms and baggage. The duke of Burgundy encamped his army nearer Luxembourg, and the count d'Estampes, with the greater part of his captains, went to Ezt, a large town that was formerly inclosed, and remained there some time. His men made frequent excursions thence, and when they met any of the enemy's troops, made very light of them.

While these things were passing, the duke, who had with him some of his ablest advisers, held frequent consultations with those best acquainted with the country on the means of putting an end to the war. He was advised to attempt scaling the walls of Luxembourg during the night, to which he readily listened, and ordered preparations to be made accord

* Gauvain Quieriet, lord of Heuchin, son of James Quieriet, who was distinguished in the conquest of Nor

mandy, and grandson of Guy, who was made prisoner at
Azincourt.
Ez. Q. Metz P

ingly. Two gentlemen-one from Burgundy named Guillaume le Grevant, and the other from Picardy called Robert de Miraumont-were despatched, under care of proper guides, to examine the place and make a trial. They set out, having with them some excellent scalers, and soon discovered that the enterprise was feasible,-for, finding the watch inattentive, they mounted the walls, and examined at their ease the whole state of the town. They then returned as secretly as they could, and related to the duke all they had observed.

On their report, he determined to make the attempt, and sent information thereof to the count d'Estampes and the other captains with him, signifying to them that it was his pleasure they should undertake it, and that he would support them should there be occasion. The duke was at this time at Arlon, and the count d'Estampes at Ez. The count, on receiving this information, assembled the majority of the captains, and laid before them the plan and orders from the duke, and demanded their opinions. It was long debated, when some declared themselves doubtful of its success, and gave their reasons for so thinking; but at length it was resolved to undertake it, since it was the will and pleasure of the duke. After this determination, it was next considered who should take command of the first party of scalers-and sir Gauvain Quieriet, the lord de Bosqueaux, Guillaume le Grevant, and Robert de Miraumont, were appointed, with sixty or eighty men, to support the scalers. They began their march under the direction of able guides of the country, and were overtaken by the lord de Saveuses, although at the time he was labouring under a severe disorder, whose arrival gave them great pleasure. They advanced in silence to within half a league of Luxembourg, when they dismounted, and there left their horses, and continued to advance to the appointed place. Having then ordered who were to mount first, and those who were instantly to follow in a line, the ladders were raised against the wall, and the enterprise proceeded. The lord de Saveuses was requested to remain at the foot of the ladders to see that order was observed, and that such mounted as had been fixed on,- for there was not a man among them who would have refused to obey him.

When sir Gauvain and the others had gained the ramparts, they seized some of the inhabitants, threatening to put them to death if they made the least noise, and hastened to break open a postern, to admit the lord de Saveuses and those who had followed them, to the number of two hundred, who instantly shouted, "Town won!" to the dismay of the inhabitants, who cried out "To arms!" in several places. The Burgundians hastened to the market-place, which they gained, notwithstanding some few of the townsmen had assembled there to defend it. They made little resistance, but sir Gauvain was wounded, and two of the townsmen being slain, the rest fled for the castle and the lower town. The count d'Estampes, having received on his march several messages of the success of the detachment, hastened as fast as he could to Luxembourg. On his arrival, he ordered a party in front of the castle, to prevent those within from making a sally; but they had already set fire to the houses in the street opposite, which destroyed several handsome buildings, and the greater part of the horses of the men-at-arms in their stables, their masters having retired within the castle. When the populace, who had retreated in multitudes to the lower town, saw that the place was won without hope of rescue, they issued forth, and went to Thionville, and other places, in despair, abandoning all their effects.

This same day, the duke of Burgundy came to Luxembourg, and his men were then regularly quartered through the town; the great wealth, and abundance of all things therein, were plundered by those who had made the conquest. It had been ordered, prior to the

march, that no indiscriminate pillage should take place, but that all things should be regularly shared to each person, according to his rank, without fraud; but this order was not observed, and the majority of the middling and lower ranks in the army were defrauded of their portion: indeed, few had any portions but the chiefs of the army and those who had commanded the expedition. Those also gained who were intrusted with the guard of the plunder; but this conduct caused great murmurings in the army,-and complaints were loudly uttered by many, saying that this was a bad example for them to adventure their lives another time for plunder, when they now received no share of it; but, notwithstanding their complaints, they gained nothing. On the contrary, they were forced rigorously to

deliver up whatever they had taken, into the hands of commissaries appointed for that purpose.

The lord de Humieres was on this expedition, and exercised the office of marshal for the lord de Beaumont, marshal of Burgundy. Beside the count d'Estampes, there were with the duke of Burgundy, from Picardy and its borders, the lord de Croy, count Porcein, Waleran de Moreul, sir Simon de Lalain, Guy de Roye, the lord de Saveuses, his brother Hugh de Hames, Hugh de Longueval, the lord de Bosqueaux, sir Anthony de Wissoch, and numbers of others of the nobility. From Burgundy were the lord de Ternant, sir Pierre de Bauffremont lord of Chargny, the lord of Brassay, Charles de Rochefort, Philibert de Vaudray, Jean de Vaudray, Philibert d'Aincourt, and many more knights and esquires. The count de Clicque had retreated, with his men, into the castle, but escaped thence secretly during the night, and went on foot to Thionville. The castle of Luxembourg held out for three weeks after the capture of the town, during which sir John, bastard of Dampierre, was killed by the shot of an arrow on the head, from one of the garrison; and the lord de Saveuses was grievously wounded on the breast by a cross-bow shot, at a sally made from the castle he was in danger of death, but by the abilities of the duke's surgeons he recovered. At the end of three weeks, the count de Clicque signed a capitulation with commissioners from the duke of Burgundy for the surrender of the castle of Luxembourg, on condition that his men therein might depart in safety, but without carrying away anything with them. The town of Thionville surrendered at the same time,-when the count de Clicque returned with his men to his country of Germany, covered with disgrace and confusion. Thus did the duke of Burgundy in a short time subdue the whole duchy of Luxembourg to his obedience, and with little loss of men.

He was now joined by his duchess and the duchess of Luxembourg, with whom a treaty was concluded for her enjoyment of the duchy during her life with the same powers as before, and that she was to pay annually to the duke of Burgundy the sum of ten thousand francs, French money, as a reimbursement for his expenses, and the duchy was to revert to him and his heirs on her decease.

The duke published a proclamation during his stay at Luxembourg, to forbid all persons, whatever might be their rank, from seeking any quarrels or doing wrong to any of the lords of that country or to their vassals. This was infringed by one of his body-archers, called the Little Scotsman, who quarrelled with sir Pierre Bernard, and struck him; for which the duke had him instantly hanged, notwithstanding the entreaties of several great lords of his household, and even the solicitations of sir Pierre Bernard, to save his life, and although he had been before very fond of him, and was well pleased with his services; but he would not remit the sentence, to afford an example to all others not to dare infringe his edicts or ordinances. At this time, several embassies took place between the kings of France and England, to endeavour to conclude a peace between them, or at least to prolong the truce. The king of France was now at Tours in Touraine, when many great councils were held on these matters, and for which a meeting of the three estates was called; but notwithstanding these measures, the two parties continued a severe warfare on each other.

CHAPTER CCLXXIV. -SOME OF THE DAUPHIN'S MEN, HAVING ADVANCED INTO BURGUNDY, ARE ATTACKED AND DEFEATED BY THE MARSHAL OF BURGUNDY.

ABOUT the beginning of this year, the dauphin returned to the king his father at Tours. He had been long absent in Languedoc, as well as in respect to the affair of the count d'Armagnac as on other business. On his return, many of his army advanced into Burgundy, and committed similar mischiefs to what they had done before. They had fixed their

The count d'Armagnac, disgusted with the king's taking the county of Cominges from him, and for other causes, had revolted, and entered into a treaty with England, offering one of his daughters in marriage to king Henry VI. Hall seems to say, that the cardinal of Win

chester betrayed this to the king of France, from hatred to the duke of Gloucester; and consequently the king of France attacked and overpowered the count of Armagnac.

quarters at a large village called Espoise, where the lord de Beaumont, marshal of Burgundy, accompanied by a party of nobles, overtook and attacked them, and the French were defeated, with the loss of numbers killed and taken. Intelligence of this event was soon carried to the dauphin, who swore a round oath that he would march himself into Burgundy to revenge the loss. On the other hand, the duke of Burgundy having heard what the dauphin had said and sworn, declared that he would personally defend his country. Thus was the foundation laid for the ill blood between these two princes; but shortly after, by the mediation of prudent persons on each side, matters were made up, and the dauphin restrained his anger and resentment.

CHAPTER CCLXXV. - A TRUCE IS CONCLUDED BETWEEN THE KINGS OF

ENGLAND AND

FRANCE, AND WITH ALL THE ALLIES AND RELATIVES OF EITHER PARTY.

THE meetings for peace were, during this time, continued with much activity at Tours, whither came many of the high nobility of France and of England: such as could not personally 'attend sent their commissioners, with full powers to act for them. On the part of the duke of Burgundy came sir John de Croy, bailiff of Hainault, the prior de Vergy, master Oudart Caperal, and other notable men: there were likewise envoys from the principal towns. On the part of the king of England were sir William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk; master Adam Moleyns, keeper of the king's privy seal and dean of Salisbury; sir Robert Roos, and others*.

Several conferences were holden to conclude a general peace; but so many difficulties arose, that it was found to be impracticable at present to bring it about, and the meetings were continued until the terms of a truce were agreed to, the articles of which were as follow:

“Charles duke of Orleans and of Valois, count of Blois and of Beaumont, lord of Coucy and of Oisy; Louis de Bourbon, count of Vendôme and of Chartres, grand-master of the royal household of France; Pierre de Brésé, lord de la Varenne and of Bressac, seneschal of Poitou and of Anjou †; Bertrand de Beauveau, lord of Precigny +, knight, counsellor and chamberlain to the most excellent king of France, our most redoubted lord and sovereign; to all to whom these letters may come, greeting.

"Conformably to the frequent requests and solicitations of our holy father the pope, and latterly by a renewal of them through his ambassador, the reverend father in God the bishop of Viese, to the king, our redoubted and sovereign lord, that he would condescend to take speedy measures for the accomplishment of a lasting peace, or long truce, with the most high and potent prince his nephew, king of England, who on his part has sent hither, with full powers to treat of the same, certain lords as his ambassadors; namely, William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk; master Adam Moleyns, keeper of his privy seal, doctor of laws and dean of Salisbury; sir Robert Roos, sir Thomas Hors§, knight; Richard Andrews, one of his secretaries. The king, our redoubted lord, from his reverence to God, and from the compassion he has ever felt for the afflictions and distresses the poorer people have so long suffered from each contending party, and to prevent the longer continuance thereof, and likewise to avoid further effusion of human blood, has liberally condescended to treat on these matters with the aforesaid ambassadors from his nephew the king of England, and has been pleased to commission us to act on his part in the said business, giving to us letters with full powers to treat of the same.

"Charles duke of Orleans, &c. Be it known that we have assembled, for several days,

*Page 53, vol. xi. of the Fœdera, contains the warrant for their wages for three months. The others were master Richard Andrews, king's secretary and doctor of laws, and John Wenlok, esquire.

+ Peter II., the father of James count of Maulevrier, who married Charlotte, the daughter of Charles VII. and Agnes Sorel. This Peter was appointed to the command of an expedition sent to England in support of queen Mar

garet of Anjou, and was afterwards killed in the battle of Montlehery, in 1465. See Bayle, art. Brézé.

Second son of John III. lord of Beauveau, grand maître-d'hôtel to René king of Sicily and Naples. He died in 1474.

§ Sir Thomas Hors-must be a mistake; for only the four mentioned in the preceding note are contained in the warrant in the Fœdera.

in the town of Tours, to treat of a peace or truce with the ambassadors from England; and at their request, in the full persuasion that we may in the end conclude a final and lasting peace between our redoubted lord and sovereign and his aforesaid nephew for the two kingdoms of France and England, have consented and agreed to a truce in the name of our sovereign lord, conformably to the powers granted to us, with the before-mentioned earl of Suffolk, and the other ambassadors from England, on the following terms :

"A general truce on the part of the king, our sovereign lord, and his kingdom, as well by sea as by land, his vassals and subjects, including those most powerful princes the kings of Castille and Leon, of the Romans, of Sicily, of Scotland; the dukedoms of Anjou, Bar, and Lorraine; the dauphin of Vienne; the dukes of Orleans, Burgundy, Brittany, Bourbon, Alençon; the count du Maine; and generally the whole of the princes of the blood-royal of France, and all allies of our sovereign throughout Europe: including, likewise, all their vassals, subjects, and adherents, provided they be not of suspicious character to either party, and shall wish to be included in this truce,-promising, at the same time, on oath, to preserve the truce inviolate, and to make reparations for any infractions that shall be committed. This truce shall take effect throughout the kingdom of France in manner following: -In the duchy and country of Gascony, and in the seaports and adjacent isles, on the 15th day of May next ensuing, at sunrise, and in all other parts of the kingdom. But in regard to the sea, the truce shall not commence on the coasts of England, Ireland, and Wales, until the first day of July, at sunrise; and throughout the other parts of the dominions of the said high and potent prince, nephew to our said lord, on the same day and hour. With respect to the allies on each side, the truce shall take effect from the moment they shall have signified their acceptance to either of the parties. It shall be sufficient for the acquittal of the king, our sovereign lord, that he declare the acceptance of any of his allies to the person who shall have the government of the territories of his nephew, the king of England, on this side of the sea, in Guienne or Normandy. And it shall be sufficient for the said high and potent prince, his nephew, king of England, to make similar declarations to the court of parliament of Paris. This truce shall last until the complete revolution of the year, which, according to the usual mode of counting in France, will be on the first day of April, in the year 1445, before Easter day.

“Item, during this truce our sovereign lord will put an end to all warfare between the two kingdoms and their allies; and the said high and potent prince, his nephew, shall not aid or abet any of the king's subjects in designs prejudicial to his honour or dignity. In like manner will our said sovereign act towards the said high and puissant prince, his nephew.— Item, during this truce neither of the parties shall attempt to gain any city or town by force or stratagem, by sale or seduction, or under any colour or manner whatever; and our said redoubted lord and sovereign will order all captures of persons, whatever may be their rank and ransoms, to cease (excepting, however, the ransoms of such as may have been made prisoners prior to the signing of the truce), together with all plunderings, robberies, and every misery attendant on war. Those who have borne arms on one side ought not to intermix with such as have borne arms on the other, nor seek the doing of mischief.

66

Item, should it happen that the men-at-arms of either party take possession of any city, town, or castle, that party shall be bounden to yield it back again fully repaired, should any damage have been done to it; and in case those who have thus taken it shall refuse to give it back unless forced thereto, the party to whom they belong shall be bounden to recover the same by force of arms, and at their expense; and supposing there may not be time sufficient during the existence of the truce to finish all the repairs, the party that had taken it shall be bounden to complete it wholly.-Item, during the truce the subjects of either shall have free liberty to pass to and from each country with their merchandise (excepting always military stores) freely and securely, and to transact their business in whatever manner they shall choose, without any let or molestation whatever, free from arrest for any debt or obligations contracted prior to this truce, on paying duly all the accustomed tolls through the different provinces or jurisdictions they may pass : provided always that none of the subjects of either party, noble or men-at-arms, shall enter any castle, inclosed town or fort, without having previously demanded leave from the governor or his lieutenant of all such places, and then

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