Jean de Hacqueville, and other principal merchants, whom the king sent to his council at Chartres, where they remained some time.

About this time, two persons, called Robert de la Motte and Jean Raoul, had been long detained prisoners, on the accusation of a monk of St. Lô, at Rouen, named master Pierre le Marechal, who had charged them, and others, with being enemies to the king, and with having conspired against his life. These charges he could not however prove; and they were found to be nothing but lies; on which the accuser was sentenced to death, and was accordingly drowned the 14th day of July. De la Motte, Raoul, and the others, were acquitted, and sent to their homes. The king, soon after this, sent an ordinance to be sealed at Paris: it was signed Michel de Ville-Chartre; by which the king willed, for the repeopling of Paris, which had been much depopulated by wars, mortalities, and other events, that people of all nations and countries might come and freely reside in that town, suburbs, and within its jurisdiction, and enjoy all the privileges attached to the citizens of Paris, relative to the crimes of murder, theft, and all others, excepting that of high treason, and during their residence they were to bear arms for the service of the king, against all his enemies. This was proclaimed by sound of trumpet, in all the squares of Paris, according to the privileges granted to such as had been exiled to the towns of St. Malo and Valenciennes. This month the king issued another proclamation, for all nobles holding fiefs or arrierefiefs, to be ready in arms; and for those in Paris, and in the Isle of France, to be prepared on the 15th day of August to march whithersoever he might be pleased to lead them.

On the 3d day of August, a melancholy event happened at Paris. One of the monks of the Temple called friar Thomas Lovecte, who was the receiver of his house, had his throat cut by one of his brethren, named friar Henry, in consequence of some dispute that had happened between them. Friar Henry on committing the deed absented himself, and was not discovered until the 10th of that month, when, about 10 o'clock at night, an examiner at the Châtelet called master John Potin, accompanied by three sergeants at mace, made such diligence that he was found hid in a closet in the hôtel of St. Pol at Paris, dressed in a rocquet of white cloth, and a black hat on his head. In this state, he was carried prisoner to the Châtelet, and thence surrendered to the court of parliament, to which he had appealed against his arrest, alleging that the place whence he had been taken was a place of sanctuary, and claiming to be returned thither. The monks of the Temple claimed him as a priest of their order; and he was given up to them and led to their prison. On the 12th of August, in the year 1467, the grand prior of France, attended by many great lords, assembled at the Temple to sit in judgment on friar Henry, when he was condemned to a perpetual imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and to be fed, so long as he should live, on the bread of pain and water of sorrow.

At this time, the admiral, and those before mentioned, who had accompanied the earl of Warwick to England, returned to France, after having stayed there some time and concluded nothing. The king of England sent, however, to the king of France, presents of huntinghorns, bottles of leather, and other things, in return for the very rich presents that had been made the earl and his attendants by the king and other lords on his leaving Rouen.

Friday the 18th of August, the king came to Paris about eight o'clock in the evening: he was attended by the duke of Bourbon and many other lords. On Tuesday, the first of September, the queen arrived at Paris by water, and landed near to the church of Nôtre Dame, where she found, in waiting to receive her, all the presidents and counsellors of the court of parliament, the bishop of Paris, and numbers of others of the nobility, handsomely dressed. Near this landing-place, several rich pageants had been prepared by the city of Paris, and when it was known that she approached the city, a grand procession of boats, filled with the principal inhabitants and decorated with silks and tapestries, went out to meet her. In some of these boats were placed choristers of the Holy Chapel at Paris, who sang most melodiously certain virelays and pastorals adapted to the occasion. There were also numbers of clarions and a band of instrumental music, that saluted the queen and her ladies, as they entered their boats, with a variety of melodies. The citizens had placed in the queen's barge a beautiful stag of confectionary, having her arms emblazoned hanging on his neck. There were likewise plenty of salvers full of sweetmeats and fresh fruits of all sorts, with a quantity

of violets and other sweet-smelling flowers scattered about every part of the barge. Wines of different sorts were abundantly distributed to all who pleased to partake of them. The queen, having performed her prayers in the church of Notre Dame, returned to her barge, and was rowed down the river to the gate in front of the church of the Celestins, where she found other pageants. Here she again landed, and, with her ladies, mounted the beautiful hackneys and palfreys that were there waiting for them, and rode to the king's hôtel at the Tournelles, where, in front of the gate, was another pageant. That night bonfires were lighted in all the streets, and round tables placed at different squares and open places, where meat and drink was given to all comers.

The Thursday following, the 3d of September, master Nicholas Balue, brother to the bishop of Evreux, was married to the daughter of sir John Bureau, lord of Montglat. The marriage-feast was held at the hôtel de Bourbon, and was abundantly splendid. Great honour was done to this wedding, by the presence of the king, the queen, the duke and duchess of Bourbon, the count de Nevers, madame de Bueil, and all their attendants, who partook of the feast, and made them many and very rich gifts. The king and queen afterwards accepted of many invitations to entertainments given by several of their courtiers. Among others, on Thursday the 10th of the same month, the queen, accompanied by her sister, the lady Bona of Savoy, and the duchess of Bourbon, with other ladies of their attendants, supped at the hotel of master Jean Dauvet, first president of the parliament, where most handsome preparations were made for their reception, and among other things were four beautiful baths, in the expectation that the queen would bathe; but she declined it from being unwell, and because the season was unfavourable. In one of them, however, the duchess of Bourbon and the lady Bona bathed, as did madame de Montglat and Perrette de Châlons, a Parisian, in the adjoining one, and made good cheer there.

CHAPTER CLVII.-THE KING ORDERS THE BANNERS OF PARIS TO BE MUSTERED.-OF THE WAR WITH LIEGE.-OF THE PRAGMATIC SANCTION, WHICH A LEGATE FROM THE POPE AND BALUE ATTEMPT TO ABOLISH.-THE KING PARDONS THE DUKE OF ALENÇON AND THE LORD DU LAU.-THE COUNT DE SAINT POL CONCLUDES A TRUCE BETWEEN THE KING AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, WITHOUT INCLUDING THE LIEGEOIS. OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THE YEAR MCCCCLXVII.

On the 14th of September, the king ordered all the banners of Paris to be mustered without the walls: and he issued his commands, that on that day all persons, of whatever rank or condition, should appear under their proper banner properly accoutred for war. Nevertheless, should there be any who had not yet prepared their armour, they must make their appearance with defenceable staves, under pain of death.

It was a fine sight to see the different banners march out of Paris, each handsomely arrayed, and without noise or confusion. They amounted to from sixty to eighty thousand helmets, of which full thirty thousand were armed in brigandines, plain armour, and jackets. When they were drawn up in battle-array, the king and queen and their court came out to see them, which they did with much pleasure, for never was seen so numerous an army issue out of any town before. There were seventy-seven banners of the different trades, without including the standards and guidons of the court of parliament, of the chamber of accounts, of the treasury, of the mint, of the tax-offices, of the Châtelet, and of the Hôtel de Ville, under which were as many, if not more, able-bodied men than under all the other banners.

Several tuns of wine had been brought from Paris, and placed at different spots for those under muster to refresh themselves with, as their heads had been taken off. They occupied a very large tract of ground; for their line extended from the dunghills between the gates of St. Anthony and the Temple, along the ditches of Paris, and through the vineyards to St. Anthony des Champs, and from the walls of St. Anthony des Champs to the Grange of Reuilly, and thence as far as Conflans. From Conflans, it returned by the Grange aux Merciers, along the river Seine to the king's bulwark of the tower of Billy, and from thence

along the walls as far as the gate of the Bastile of St. Anthony. It was a marvellous sight to view the great numbers who appeared at this muster,—and several persons maintained, that as many remained in Paris as had come out.

The king set out from Paris on the 22d of September, in the afternoon, on a pilgrimage on foot to St. Denis, having with him the bishop of Evreux, the lord de Crussol*, Philip L'Huillier, and others. Between Paris and St. Denis, he was accosted by three vagabonds, who demanded pardon for having been thieves, robbers on the highways, and murderers, which the king kindly granted them. He remained the rest of the day at St. Denis, until vespers on the morrow, when he returned to his hôtel of the Tournelles, and supped that night at the hôtel of sir Denis de Hasselin, his pantler, and assessor of the taxes at Paris, who had lately become brother-gossip to the king, on account of a daughter his wife had lately been brought to bed of, and to whom the king had been godfather by the proxy of the bishop of Evreux: the godmothers were mesdames de Bueil † and de Montglatt. The king made good cheer at this supper; and three handsome baths had been prepared for him, richly adorned, in the supposition that he would have taken his pleasure; but he declined doing so, because he had a cold, and because the season was not kindly.

At this time, a serious warfare broke out between the Liegeois and the duke of Burgundy, in alliance with the bishop of Liege, cousin to the duke of Burgundy and brother to the duke of Bourbon, whom the Liegeois marched to besiege in the town of Huys §; and after having been long before it, they gained it, but the bishop escaped. The king of France, in the meantime, ordered four hundred of his own lances to march to the aid of the Liegeois, under the command of the count de Dammartin, Salazart, Robert de Coniham, and Stevenot de Vignoles ¶, together with six thousand franc-archers, taken from Champagne, the Soissonnois, and other parts of the Isle of France.

The duke of Burgundy, hearing of the success of the Liegeois, in the capture of Huys, and that they had killed many Burgundians, assembled his army, with the determination to destroy the whole country of Liege with fire and sword, and he had it thus notified in his proclamations. Those who published this notice held in one hand a naked sword, and in the other a burning torch, to signify, that the war about to commence was to be carried on with fire and sword.

In this month of September, the king gave his letters for the abolition of the Pragmatic Sanction** to a legate come from Rome for that purpose: which letters were read and published in the court of the Châtelet of Paris without any opposition. But when master John Balue, on the first of October, carried them, during the vacations, to the court of parliament to do the same, he found there master John de St Romain, the king's attorneygeneral, who formally opposed the effect and execution of these letters, which greatly displeased Balue; and he uttered many menaces against St. Romain,-telling him, that the king would be much angered at his conduct, and remove him from his office. Romain paid no great attention to his menaces, and replied, that as the king had given him his office, he would exercise it during the king's pleasure; and that when he should please he might displace him ++; but that he was determined to lose everything sooner than consent to any act that was detrimental to his own conscience, to the crown, or to the public welfare.

* Louis lord de Crussol,-grand-pantler of France. "De Bueil." Jeanne, natural daughter to the king, married to Anthony de Bueil, count de Sancerre, son to John admiral of France.

"De Montglat." Germaine Hesselin, wife of John Beauveau, lord of Montglat.

§ Huys, according to modern France, is in the department of the Ourthe, on the Meuse.

"Robert de Coniham." Probably an officer, or the commander of the Scots brigade in the service of France, Robert Coningham. He and his men were defeated by sir Charles de Melun, in Normandy, when on their march to aid the duke of Berry,

M. de St.

killed at Creil in 1434, and continued the posterity of the lords de Vignoles in Languedoc.

**"Pragmatic Sanction." A confirmation of a decree made in the council of Basil, whereby (among other things established for the reformation of the ecclesiastical state) the election of prelates, and collation to benefices, during vacancy, as also the decision of suits concerning them, (usurped, some time before, by the court of Rome) was restored unto the canons, priests, or monks of the diocese. This information was published by an edict of Charles VII., in the year 1438. COTGRAVE.- See a former note, chap. ciii.

+ He was accordingly displaced, though not till some This Stevenot de Vignoles was probably a son of years after, and the reason assigned was the opposition he Amadour de Vignoles, the brother of La Hire, who was made in the affair of the Pragmatic Sanction.-DU CLOS.

He told Balue, that he ought to be greatly ashamed for having brought forward and supported such a measure.

In consequence of this, the heads of the university waited on the legate, and appealed against these letters to a general council. They went thence to the court of Châtelet, where they made a similar appeal, and had their opposition enregistered. The king sent this legate and the bishop of Evreux, who had lately been made cardinal*, with master John Ladriesche, treasurer of France, and others, to the count de Charolois, to execute some commissions he had charged them with.

On the 8th of October, one called Swestre le Moyne, a native of Auxerre, having been imprisoned at Thiron + a long time for certain crimes, was this day drowned in the Seine, near the Grange aux Merciers, according to the sentence of sir Tristan de l'Hermite ‡, provost of the marshals of the king's household.

Sunday the 11th, there was a prodigious storm of thunder and lightning, about eight o'clock at night, and before and after it the most extraordinary heat that had been ever felt at that season, which seemed to all persons very unnatural. The following day, the king went from his hôtel at the Tournelles, to hear vespers at Notre Dame,—after which, a procession was made by the bishop and canons of that church, when the king retired to repose himself some time at the hôtel of his first president of the parliament, John Dauvet. The king did not leave the president's house until dark night, when, looking up, he perceived a bright star over the hôtel, which followed the king until he had entered the hôtel of the Tournelles, when it disappeared, and was not seen again.

News came to the king, on Thursday the 15th of October, that a large body of Bretons, having gained possession of the town and castle of Caen, had thence marched to Bayeux, and held them both against the king, which vexed him much,-and he sent thither instantly the marshal le Lobéac, then with him, to take proper measures respecting these towns, as he had under his charge one hundred lances from Brittany.

The duke of Alençon, who had been convicted of high treason during the reign of the late king, at a court of justice held at Vendôme, and of having practised with the English, the ancient enemies of France, had been condemned, in consequence of his confessions, to death, saving the good pleasure of the king. His life had been spared, but he remained a close prisoner in the castle of Loches until the present king's accession, when he was fully pardoned, and all proceedings against him were annulled. It happened, that a lame man had been one of the principal evidences against this duke, and was much afraid of his revenge when set at liberty, to avoid which, he presented himself before the king, and solicited to be taken under his protection. This the king promised, and personally commanded the duke no way to injure this man, his family, or his fortune, as he was under his especial protection. The duke engaged to perform all the king wished; but he soon forgot his promises,—and, having had the lame man seized and brought before him, caused him instantly to be put to death. The wife of the murdered man appeared before the king, to make her loss known, and have redress for her injury; in consequence, the king seized on all the towns and lands of the duke, but it was not long before they were restored, and he was again pardoned. The duke, to show his gratitude for these repeated marks of favour, offered to give up his towns to the Bretons, and to the duke of Berry, in opposition to the interests of the king.

At this time, sir Anthony de Château-neuf, lord du Lau, grand-butler of France, and seneschal of Guienne, who had been chamberlain to the king, and more beloved by him than any other courtier, who had amended his fortune by the king's service, to the amount of

"Cardinal." He was created cardinal in 1464, according to Ciaconius. Balue obtained the cardinal's hat at the earnest solicitations of his master, and as a recompense for his services in the affair of the Pragmatic Sanction when he was so nobly checked by St. Romain. Pope Paul the Second was afterwards thoroughly ashamed of having been prevailed on to elevate to the sacred dignity a person of so thoroughly scandalous and depraved a character, and excused himself on the ground of compulsion.-Du CLOS. + Thiron, a small town in Beauce, election of Chartres.

Many historians speak of the number of secret exccutions performed at the command of Louis by this Tristan l'Hermite, whom he usually called by the familiar appellation of "mon Compère." This cruel man, not content with mere obedience, executed every mandate in the most barbarous manner. Louis may well be reproached for the favour with which he honoured this minister of his wrath, whom he should not have looked upon in any other light than that of a necessary instrument of justice. Du CLos.

three or four hundred thousand golden crowns, had fallen into disgrace, and was confined in the castle of Sully-sur-Loire*; but in the month of October, the king sent sir Tristan l'Hermite, and master Guillaume Cerisay, lately appointed greffier-civil to the parliament, to take the lord du Lau from the prisons at Sully, and to carry him to the castle of Ussont in Auvergne. While they were thus transporting him, a report was spread, and long continued, that the lord du Lau was drowned ‡.

Tuesday, the 22d of October, the king left Paris to go into Normandy, and this night lay at Villepreux §, and on the morrow at Mantes. Prior to his departure, he sent off such of his captains as were then near his person to collect the men under their command, and to follow him with them into Normandy or wherever else he might be. He also published an edict, to declare that henceforth his pleasure was that all officers should remain in peaceable possession of their places, and that there should be no vacation but by death, resignation, or confiscation; that should he, through importunities, grant any office contrary to this his declaration, he willed that it should not be valid, but that strict and equal justice should be done to all. From Mantes, he went to Vernon-sur-Seine, where he staid some time; during which the constable there joined him, and found means to obtain from the king a truce for six months with the count de Charolois, without including the Liegeois, who had already made war against the count, in the expectation of being supported by the king, according to the promises he had made them, and they now found themselves quite abandoned by him. The constable returned to the duke of Burgundy with the intelligence of the truce being signed.

Soon after this, the cardinal of Evreux, and the others who had been sent by the king to Flanders, came to him at Vernon; and he thence went to Chartres, whither he sent for the greater part of his artillery from Orleans, that it might be transported to Alençon, and the other towns of which he wanted to gain the possession. The king again sent master John Prevost to Flanders, with a copy of the aforesaid truce to the duke of Burgundy. On the 16th of November, the cardinal, the treasurer Ladriesche, master John Berart, and master Geoffry Alnequin, came to Paris to review their banners, and to execute other commissions given them by the king. The king left Chartres and went to Orleans, Clery, and other towns thereabouts, and thence to Vendôme and Mont St. Michel, having a large train of artillery with him, and a great number of men-at-arms. During this time, the Bretons issued out in arms from their country, and gained Avranches and other towns in Normandy. They spread over the whole of that part of the country, as far as Caen, Bayeux and Coutances.

The duke of Burgundy, in consequence of the truce with France, wherein the Liegeois were not mentioned, entered that country unmolested; when, finding that they had been deserted by the king, and that they should be destroyed, they surrendered all their towns to the count de Charolois, on condition of paying him a large sum of money, and having parts of the gates and walls of their towns pulled down.

CHAPTER CLVIII.-THE KING SENDS COMMISSARIES TO REVIEW THE PARISIAN BANNERS, OFFICERS AS WELL AS MEN. THE KING'S ARMY MARCHES BETWEEN MANS AND ALENÇON, TO OPPOSE THAT OF THE BRETONS. THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY COLLECTS A LARGE ARMY AT ST. QUENTIN.-THE THREE ESTATES OF FRANCE ASSEMBLE AT TOURS IN MCCCCLXVII.

THE cardinal de Balue, and the other commissaries, proceeded in mustering the troops under the Parisian banners, in different parts of that town, on the walls, between the gates of the Temple and St. Martin, within the Temple precincts, on the walls between the tower of wood and the gate of Saint Honoré, in front of the Louvre, and elsewhere. The king had it proclaimed through Paris, on the 22d of November, that all who had been accustomed

Sully-sur Loire,-eight leagues from Orleans.

† Usson, four leagues from Brionde.

The lord du Lau did not die until 1483 or 1484. § Villepreux,-two leagues from Versailies.